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reproductive allocation.Patterns in Different Density Populations of Spring Wheat

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第2期50卷 141-146页

作者： Jing Liu Gen-Xuan Wang Liang Wei Chun-Ming Wang Key Laboratory of And and Grassland Agroecology at Lanzhou University Ministry of Education Lanzhou 730000 China Coflege of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Institute of Modem Physics the Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The effects of increased intraspecific competition on size hierarchies （size inequality） and reproductive allocation.were investigated in populations of the annual plant, spring wheat （Triticurn aestivurn）. A series of densities （100, 300, 1 000, 3 000 and 10 000 plants/m^2） along a gradient of competition intensity were designed in this experiment. The results showed that average shoot biomass decreased with increased density. reproductive allocation.was negatively correlated to Gini coefficient （R^2 = 0.927）, which suggested that reproductive allocation.is inclined to decrease as size inequality increases. These results suggest that both vegetative and reproductive structures were significantly affected by intensive competition. However, results also indicated that there were different relationships between plant size and reproductive allocation.pattern in different densities. In the lowest density population, lacking competition （100 plants/m^2）, individual reproductive allocation.was size independent but, in high density populations （300, 1 000, 3 000 and 10 000 plants/m^2）, where competition occurred, individual reproductive allocation.was size dependent： the small proportion of larger individuals were winners in competition and got higher reproductive allocation.（lower marginal reproductive allocation. MRA）, and the larger proportion of smaller individuals were suppressed and got lower reproductive allocation.（higher MRA）. In conclusion, our results support the prediction that elevated intraspecific competition would result in higher levels of size inequality and decreased reproductive allocation.（with a negative relationship between them）. However, deeper analysis indicated that these frequency- and size-dependent reproductive strategies were not evolutionarily stable strategies.

关键词： competition density reproductive allocation.

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Predicting Compensatory Growth and Reproduction in Agricultural Weeds Using a Plant＇s Growth Rate Trajectory： A Test with Defoliation of Abutilon theophrasti

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2016年第4期6卷 255-260页

作者： David Alexander Wait Department of Biology Missouri State University Springfield MO 65897 USA

A plant＇s capacity to compensate for pest damage as a function of resource availability needs to be predictable in order to apply biocontrol agents effectively. In this research, it was hypothesized that a weedy plant species＇ capacity to compensate for defoliation is related to how resource availability affects a plant＇s growth trajectory. Growth rate trajectory is defined as the percent change in relative growth rate or the slope of a plant＇s relative growth rate. 90 Abutilon theophrasti, a common weed species, in cultivated fields of corn and soybean, grew in a greenhouse for 70 d under three nitrogen （N） fertilization treatments. ＂Unfertilized＂ plants were not fertilized, ＂bulk＂ fertilized plants received 0.6 g N on day 15 and ＂exponential＂ fertilized plants received a total of 0.6 g N supplied at an exponential rate of 10% per day with a starting concentration of 0.02 g N on day 15. On day 25, 15 plants in each N treatment had 75% of total leaf area removed. Biomass and reproductive compensation were determined after 50 d and 70 d of growth. Results showed that bulk plants had the greatest absolute growth, but also the greatest decline in growth rates and the least capacity for compensation. Unfertilized plants had the lowest absolute growth, but declines in growth rates were similar to bulk plants with only a slightly greater compensatory capacity. Exponential plants had intermediate absolute growth, but the least decline in growth rates and the greatest capacity for compensation. This experiment indicates that a plant＇s growth rate trajectory, and not high or low relative growth rates or N availability per se, can be used to predict a weedy plant＇s capacity to compensate for herbivory, and has implications for biocontrol of weedy species.

关键词： Biocontrol compensatory growth herbivory nitrogen fertilization relative growth rate reproductive allocation.

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