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Cybersecurity Landscape on remote state estimation:A Comprehensive Review

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 851-865页

作者： Jing Zhou Jun Shang Tongwen Chen the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 1H9Canada the Department of Control Science and Engineering and Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)have emerged as an essential area of research in the last decade,providing a new paradigm for the integration of computational and physical units in modern control systems.remote state estimation(RSE)is an indispensable functional module of CPSs.Recently,it has been demonstrated that malicious agents can manipulate data packets transmitted through unreliable channels of RSE,leading to severe estimation performance degradation.This paper aims to present an overview of recent advances in cyber-attacks and defensive countermeasures,with a specific focus on integrity attacks against RSE.Firstly,two representative frameworks for the synthesis of optimal deception attacks with various performance metrics and stealthiness constraints are discussed,which provide a deeper insight into the vulnerabilities of RSE.Secondly,a detailed review of typical attack detection and resilient estimation algorithms is included,illustrating the latest defensive measures safeguarding RSE from adversaries.Thirdly,some prevalent attacks impairing the confidentiality and data availability of RSE are examined from both attackers'and defenders'perspectives.Finally,several challenges and open problems are presented to inspire further exploration and future research in this field.

关键词： Cyber-attacks Kalman filtering remote state estimation unreliable transmission channels

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维普期刊数据库

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Whittle’s Index Based Sensor Scheduling for Multiprocess Systems Under DoS Attacks

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 329-350页

作者： CAI Zai DING Kemi Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China.

In this paper,the authors consider how to design defensive countermeasures against DoS attacks for remote state estimation of multiprocess systems.For each system,a sensor will measure its state and transmits the data packets through an unreliable channel which is vulnerable to be jammed by an attacker.Under limited communication bandwidth,only a subset of sensors are allowed for data transmission,and how to select the optimal one to maximize the accuracy of remote state estimation is the focus of the proposed work.The authors first formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and investigate the existence of optimal policy.Moreover,the authors demonstrate the piecewise monotonicity structure of optimal policy.Given the difficulty of obtaining an optimal policy of large-scale problems,the authors develop a suboptimal heuristic policy based on the aforementioned policy structure and Whittle’s index.Moreover,a closed form of the indices is derived in order to reduce implementation complexity of proposed scheduling policy and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed developed results.

关键词： DoS attacks Kalman filter remote state estimation Whittle’s index.

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维普期刊数据库

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Power Control of Multi-sensor remote state estimation Under Malicious Attacks

Power Control of Multi-sensor Remote State Estimation Under ...

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第三十九届中国控制会议

作者： Guangyan Xu Qiuying Sun Hao Liu School of Automation Shenyang Aerospace University

This paper studies a transmission power control problem in the presence of malicious attacks, in which sensors transmit their local estimates to a remote estimator through independent wireless channels. The sensor’s data transmission performance is assumed to be not affected by the transmission power of other sensors, and a new objective function is proposed to reflect the performance of remote state estimation. Game approaches including Nash and Stackelberg games are utilized to design the optimal strategies for both players, respectively. Moreover, the energy constraints are taken into account for both sides. Finally,simulation examples are provided to illustrate the main results.

关键词： Wireless sensor network remote state estimation cyber attack

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DoS Attack Power Allocation against remote state estimation via a Block Fading Channel

DoS Attack Power Allocation against Remote State Estimation ...

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第37届中国控制会议

作者： Heng Zhang Yanzheng Zhu Zhaojian Li Lidong He Wei Xing Zheng School of Science Huaihai Institute of Technology School of Computing Engineering and Math Western Sydney University Department of Mechanical Engineering Michigan State University School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology

This paper studies the Denial-of-Service（DoS）attack power allocation issue, which aims to aggravate the quality of remote state estimation and save the expenditure of attack power concurrently. Different from the previous literature based on the assumption of time-invariant channel states,we consider the scenario that the observations are transmitted through a standard block fading communication channel. From viewpoint of the DoS attacker, we construct an optimization problem considering jointly the average estimation error and the attack power consumption. Then the framework of Markov decision process is employed to manifest the existence of optimal attack allocation strategy. Since the closed-form of the optimal attack strategy cannot be expressed directly, we restrain it to a specific attack policy to present the unclear part in the solution,and then provide a suboptimal attack power strategy. Finally,a simulation example is presented to show the effectiveness of our proposed attack strategy.

关键词： remote state estimation Denial-of-Service Power Allocation Fading Channel

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Optimal SINR-based DoS Attacks against remote state estimation

Optimal SINR-based DoS Attacks against Remote State Estimati...

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第40届中国控制会议

作者： Jinxing Hua Fei Hao Seventh Research Division School of Automation Science and Electrical EngineeringBeihang University

We consider remote state estimation of cyber physical systems under signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio-based denial-of-service attacks.A sensor sends its local estimate to a remote estimator through a wireless network that may suffer interference from an attacker who can chose its attack action from multiple energy levels.The goal of the attacker is to design the optimal attack strategy to degrade the control performance of cyber-physical systems while minimize his energy consumption.Based on this,we formulate a optimization problem and translate it to a Markov decision problem（MDP）.To solve the associated optimality（Bellman） equations,a reverse recursive iterative algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal solution.Numerical examples and simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： Cyber physical systems Denial-of-Service（DoS）attacks Markov decision problem（MDP） remote state estimation Reverse recursive iterative

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Optimal Energy Allocation based DoS Attack over remote state estimation with the Relay

Optimal Energy Allocation based DoS Attack over Remote State...

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第三十九届中国控制会议

作者： Zizheng Miao Ruimeng Gan Libing Bai Jinliang Shao School of Mathematical Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

In this paper, the security issue of remote state estimation in cyber-physical systems（CPSs） is investigated. As the performance of remote state estimation depends on system topology and communication environment over each channel. Motivated by this, we research the problem of interfering which channel to maximize the attack effect using the terminal estimation error to measure the system performance. For a given system topology, it is shown that it makes no difference whichever channel the jammer attacks, when communication environments over all the channels are the same. Furthermore, the problem of energy dispatch,exploring an optimal tradeoff between the number of attacks and the power launched at each attack time, is studied. When the power used at each attack keeps unchanged, for a normal matrix involved in the plant, an explicit expression is provided for the terminal estimation error, based on which this problem is simplified into an optimization problem with one variable. Finally, the simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Cyber-physical system（CPS） remote state estimation multi-hop system Denial-of-Service（DoS） attack

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Residual-Based False Data Injection Attacks Against Multi-Sensor estimation Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第5期10卷 1181-1191页

作者： Haibin Guo Jian Sun Zhong-Hua Pang the National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems School of AutomationBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China the Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120China the Key Laboratory of Fieldbus Technology and Automation of Beijing North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China

This paper investigates the security issue of multisensor remote estimation systems.An optimal stealthy false data injection(FDI)attack scheme based on historical and current residuals,which only tampers with the measurement residuals of partial sensors due to limited attack resources,is proposed to maximally degrade system estimation performance.The attack stealthiness condition is given,and then the estimation error covariance in compromised state is derived to quantify the system performance under attack.The optimal attack strategy is obtained by solving several convex optimization problems which maximize the trace of the compromised estimation error covariance subject to the stealthiness condition.Moreover,due to the constraint of attack resources,the selection principle of the attacked sensor is provided to determine which sensor is attacked so as to hold the most impact on system performance.Finally,simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems(CPSs) false data injection(FDI)attacks remote state estimation stealthy attacks

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维普期刊数据库

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Quantized Set-membership Filtering for Automatic Guided Vehicles with Unknown-but-bounded Noises

Quantized Set-membership Filtering for Automatic Guided Vehi...

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第40届中国控制会议

作者： Hao Yang Yilian Zhang Wei Gu The Key Laboratory of Marine Technology ＆ Control Engineering Ministry of CommunicationsPRCShanghai Maritime University

This paper investigates the quantized set-membership filtering（SMF） problem for network-based automatic guided vehicle（AGV） systems in the presence of unknown-but-bounded（UBB） process and measurement noises. Considering the bandwidth constraints of the communication networks, the measurement outputs of the AGV are quantized before transmitting to the remote filter. Two independent quantizers are designed to quantize each variable in the two-dimensional output vector separately. Then, an SMF scheme is presented to solve the problem of the remote state estimation for the AGV with UBB noises and the quantization error. Next, a recursive convex optimization algorithm is provided to obtain the state estimation ellipsoid sets for the considered AGV. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Automatic guided vehicle communication networks remote state estimation set-membership filtering unknownbut-bounded noise

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