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Seismic effects on reinforcement load and lateral deformation of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第4期15卷 1001-1015页

作者： Fei ZHANG Yuming ZHU Yanbo CHEN Shangchuan YANG Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China Jiangsu Province’s Geotechnical Research Center Nanjing210098China Southwest Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering of the Ministry of EducationChengdu610031China

Current design methods for the internal stability of geosynthetic-reinforced soil(GRS)walls postulate seismic forces as inertial forces,leading to pseudo-static analyses based on active earth pressure theory,which yields unconservative reinforcement loads required for seismic stability.Most seismic analyses are limited to the determination of maximum reinforcement strength.This study aimed to calculate the distribution of the reinforcement load and connection strength required for each layer of the seismic GRS wall.Using the top-down procedure involves all of the possible failure surfaces for the seismic analyses of the GRS wall and then obtains the reinforcement load distribution for the limit state.The distributions are used to determine the required connection strength and to approximately assess the facing lateral deformation.For sufficient pullout resistance to be provided by each reinforcement,the maximum required tensile resistance is identical to the results based on the Mononobe-Okabe method.However,short reinforcement results in greater tensile resistances in the mid and lower layers as evinced by compound failure frequently occurring in GRS walls during an earthquake.Parametric studies involving backfill friction angle,reinforcement length,vertical seismic acceleration,and secondary reinforcement are conducted to investigate seismic impacts on the stability and lateral deformation of GRS walls.

关键词： geosynthetics reinforced soil retaining walls seismic performance

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AN FE ANALYSIS OF reinforced SUBGRADE UNDER AUTOMOBILE LOADING

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2004年第1期20卷 89-95页

作者：闫澍旺张欣强刘润 School of Institute of Civil Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

An FE analysis procedure was presented to predict the behavior of soil-geogrid interac- tion under automobile loading.The dynamic interactions between the transverse bars,the longitudinal ribs and the soil were simulated by a system consisting of nonlinear springs,dashpots and masses,to study the deformation properties of the reinforced soil.The equivalent stiffness and damping ratios could be determined with the shaking table.The dynamic responses of a reinforced subgrade were analyzed with the 3D finite element approach.This approach is programmed and applied to analyze the soil-geogrid interaction under dynamic loading.The comparative analysis of the response of the reinforced subgrade and that of the subgrade without reinforcement shows that the geogrid placed at the bottom of the base layer may effectively reduce the accumulative plastic deformation due to the cyclic automobile loading.

关键词： reinforced soil soil-geogrid dynamic interaction deformation spring-dashpot-mass system

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Finite Element Modeling of Geotextile reinforced Embankments on Soft Clay

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第1期13卷 48-57页

作者： Diaa W. El Hourani Ify L. Nwaogazie Godfrey Waribo TomJaja Center for Geotechnical & Coastal Engineering Research University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Faculty of Engineering Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria

The use of geotextiles as a reinforcement material for improving the factor of safety against slope failure in embankments built on soft clay is becoming a common practice. This work is intended to help understand the effect of the geotextile reinforcement has on such embankments and to provide a design aid for civil engineers that enables them to quickly estimate the factor of safety against slope failure. Seventy four different cases were modelled and analyzed using a finite element software, GeoStudio 2018 R2. The results showed that the optimum improvement was achieved when using a single layer of geotextile reinforcement placed at the base of the embankment, by which the factor of safety increased by up to 40%. Adding a second layer, a third layer and a fourth layer, increases the safety factor by 2.5%, 1% and 0.5% respectively. Different charts for different heights of embankments were presented to aid in finding the most suitable slope angle and number of reinforcement layers required to achieve a certain safety factor.

关键词： reinforced soil Embankments Soft soils Slope Stability

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Thermal conductivity of reinforced soils: A literature review

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第4期6卷 409-414页

作者： Muge Elif Orakoglu JianKun Liu School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Technical Education Faculty Department of Construction Firat UniversityElazig Turkey

This paper aims a review of the literature related to soil reinforcements to achieve lower soil thermal conductivity （2）. The use of various natural and synthetic fibers, polymers, geosynthetics, agricultural waste/materials, and nanoclays is discussed and existing prediction models that have been thought to affect low thermal conductivity are presented.

关键词： reinforced soil heat flux thermal conductivity

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Novel experimental techniques to assess the time-dependent deformations of geosynthetics under soil confinement

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第2期13卷 410-419页

作者： Carina Maia Lins Costa Jorge Gabriel Zornberg Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteAv.Senador Salgado Filho 3000NatalRio Grande do Norte59078-970Brazil Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin301 E.Dean KeetonAustinTX78712-0280USA

A new experimental approach to assess the impact of soil confinement on the long-term behavior of geosynthetics is presented in this paper.The experimental technique described herein includes a novel laboratory apparatus and the use of different types of tests that allow generation of experimental data suitable for evaluation of the time-dependent behavior of geosynthetics under soil confinement.The soil-geosynthetic interaction equipment involves a rigid box capable of accommodating a cubic soil mass under plane strain conditions.A geosynthetic specimen placed horizontally at the mid-height of the soil mass is subjected to sustained vertical pressures that,in turn,induce reinforcement axial loads applied from the soil to the geosynthetic.Unlike previously reported studies on geosynthetic behavior under soil confinement,the equipment was found to be particularly versatile.With minor setup modifications,not only interaction tests but also in-isolation geosynthetic stress relaxation tests and soil-only tests under a constant strain rate can be conducted using the same device.Also,the time histories of the reinforcement loads and corresponding strains are generated throughout the test.Results from typical tests conducted using sand and a polypropylene woven geotextile are presented to illustrate the proposed experimental approach.The testing procedure was found to provide adequate measurements during tests,including good repeatability of test results.The soilegeosynthetic interaction tests were found to lead to increasing geotextile strains with time and decreasing reinforcement tension with time.The test results highlighted the importance of measuring not only the time history of displacements but also that of reinforcement loads during testing.The approach of using different types of tests to analyze the soilegeosynthetic interaction behavior is an innovation that provides relevant insight into the impact of soil confinement on the time-dependent deformations of geosynthetics.

关键词： Geosynthetics Geotextile Creep Stress relaxation reinforced soil Long-term deformation

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Effect of natural and synthetic fibers reinforcement on California bearing ratio and tensile strength of clay

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第3期13卷 626-642页

作者： Mahdi Ghasemi Nezhad Alireza Tabarsa Nima Latifi Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan UniversityGorganIran Terracon Consultants Inc.5217 Linbar Dr#309NashvilleTN37211USA

Use of environmentally friendly approaches with the purpose of strengthening soil layers along with finding correlations between the mechanical characteristics of fiber-reinforced soils such as indirect tensile strength(ITS)and California bearing ratio(CBR)and as well as the evaluation of shear strength parameters obtained from the triaxial test would be very effective at geotechnical construction sites.This research was aimed at investigating the influence of natural fibers as sustainable ones including basalt(BS)and bagasse(BG)as well as synthetic polyester(PET)fibers on the strength behavior of clayey soil.To this end,the effects of various fiber contents(0.5%,1%and 2%)and lengths(2.5 mm,5 mm and 7.5 mm)were experimentally evaluated.By conducting ITS and CBR tests,it was found that increasing fiber content and length had a significant influence on CBR and ITS values.Moreover,2%of 7.5 mm-long fibers led to the largest values of CBR and ITS.The CBR values of soil reinforced with PET,BS,and BG fibers were determined as 19.17%,15.43%and 13.16%,respectively.The ITS values of specimens reinforced with PET,BS,and BG fibers were reported as 48.57 kPa,60.7 kPa and 47.48 kPa,respectively.The results of the triaxial compression test revealed that with the addition of BS fibers,the internal friction angle increased by about 100%,and with the addition of PET fibers,the cohesion increased by about 70%.Moreover,scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis was employed to confirm the findings.The relationship between CBR and ITS values,obtained via statistical analysis and used for the optimum design of road pavement layers,demonstrated that these parameters had high correlation coefficients.The outcomes of multiple linear regression and sensitivity analysis also confirmed that the fiber content had a greater effect on CBR and ITS values than fiber length.

关键词： Natural fibers Synthetic fibers Indirect tensile strength(ITS) California bearing ratio(CBR) reinforced soil

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