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Evolutionary pattern of the regulatory network.for flower development:Insights gained from a comparison of two Arabidopsis species

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 528-538页

作者： 1,2 Yang LIU 1,2Chun-Ce GUO 1Gui-Xia XU 1Hong-Yan SHAN 1Hong-Zhi KONG 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China) 2(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China)

Previous studies on Arabidopsis thaliana and other model plants have indicated that the development of a flower is controlled by a regulatory network.composed of genes and the interactions among them.Studies on the evolution of this network.will therefore help understand the genetic basis that underlies flower evolution.In this study,by reviewing the most recent published work,we added 31 genes into the previously proposed regulatory network.for flower development.Thus,the number of genes reached 60.We then compared the composition,structure,and evolutionary rate of these genes between A.thaliana and one of its allies,A.lyrata.We found that two genes(FLC and MAF2)show 1:2 and 2:2 relationships between the two species,suggesting that they have experienced independent,post-speciation duplications.Of the remaining 58 genes,35(60.3%)have diverged in exon-intron structure and,consequently,code for proteins with different sequence features and functions.Molecular evolutionary analyses further revealed that,although most floral genes have evolved under strong purifying selection,some have evolved under relaxed or changed constraints,as evidenced by the elevation of nonsynonymous substitution rates and/or the presence of positively selected sites.Taken together,these results suggest that the regulatory network.for flower development has evolved rather rapidly,with changes in the composition,structure,and functional constraint of genes,as well as the interactions among them,being the most important contributors.

关键词： Arabidopsis evolution flower development regulatory network.

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Comparative Transcriptional Profiling and Preliminary Study on Heterosis Mechanism of Super-Hybrid Rice

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1012-1025页

作者： Gui-Sheng Song Hong-Li Zhai Yong-Gang Peng Lei Zhang Gang Wei Xiao- Ying Chen Yu-Guo Xiao Lili Wang Yue-Jun Chen Bin Wu Bin Chen Yu Zhang Hua Chen Xiu-Jing Feng Wan-Kui Gong Yao Liu Zhi-Jie Yin Feng Wang Guo-Zhen Liu Hong-Lin Xu Xiao-Li Wei Xiao-Ling Zhao Pieter B.F. Ouwerkerk Thomas Hankemeier Theo Reijmers Rob van der Heijden Cong-Ming Lu Mei Wang Jan van der Greef Zhen Zhu State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Institute of Genetics School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou 350003 China Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101300 China Institute of Biology Leiden University Sylvius Laboratory Wassenaarseweg 72 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research Center for Medical Systems Biology Leiden University Einsteinweg 5 2500 RA Leiden The Netherlands SU BioMedicine and TNO Quality of Life Utrechtseweg 48 3700 AJ Zeist The Netherlands

Heterosis is a biological phenomenon whereby the offspring from two parents show improved and superior performance than either inbred parental lines. Hybrid rice is one of the most successful apotheoses in crops utilizing heterosis. Transcriptional profiling of F1 super-hybrid rice Liangyou-2186 and its parents by serial analysis of gene expression （SAGE） revealed 1183 differentially expressed genes （DGs）, among which DGs were found significantly enriched in pathways such as photosynthesis and carbon-fixation, and most of the key genes involved in the carbon-fixation pathway exhibited up-regulated expression in F1 hybrid rice. Moreover, increased catabolic activity of corresponding enzymes and photosynthetic efficiency were also detected, which combined to indicate that carbon fixation is enhanced in F1 hybrid, and might probably be associated with the yield vigor and heterosis in super-hybrid rice. By correlating DGs with yield-related quantitative trait loci （QTL）, a potential relationship between differential gene expression and phenotypic changes was also found. In addition, a regulatory network.involving circadian-rhythms and light signaling pathways was also found, as previously reported in Arabidopsis, which suggest that such a network.might also be related with heterosis in hybrid rice. Altogether, the present study provides another view for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying heterosis in rice.

关键词： Heterosis super-hybrid rice transcriptional profiling photosynthesis carbon fixation regulatory network.

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