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Absorption of phosphorus from wastewater by aged refuse excavated from municipal solid waste landfill

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第1期17卷 25-29页

作者： ZHAOYou-cai SHAOFang TheStateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourceReuse SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineeringTongjiUniversityShanghai200092China

Municipal solid waste(refuse) landfill stabilizes as the refuse degrades. After years of biodegradation, the refuse in the landfill becomes stabilized and aged, which may vary with the local climate, humidity, and composition of refuse placed. In this work, it is found that the refuse with an age of over 8 years at Shanghai refuse Landfill has been significantly stabilized and sufficiently aged and is thus suitable for excavation. The 8 year old aged refuse is mechanically screened, and the fine fractions of refuse(aged refuse) with a diameter less than 2 cm are then used as a biological absorbent for removal of both inorganic and organic phosphorus in livestock wastewater and prepared aqueous solution. It is proved that the aged refuse is very effective for the quantitative removal of both types of phosphorus. The absorption mechanism is proposed. It is considered that phosphorus is firstly absorbed onto the surface of the aged refuse and then used as a substrate for the growth of microorganisms which ultimately leave the aged refuse as sludge.

关键词： refuse phosphorus landfill livestock wastewater biological absorption

Degradation of refuse in Hybrid Bioreactor Landfill

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期22卷 303-310页

作者： YAN LONG YU-YANG LONG HAI-CHUN LIU AND DONG-SHENG SHEN Department of Environmental Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 Zhejiang China Department of Environmental Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong China Yangzhou Vocational College of Environment and Resources Yangzhou 225127 Jian gsu China

Objective To explore the process of refuse decomposition in hybrid bioreactor landfill. Methods The bioreactor landfill was operated in sequencing of facultative-anaerobic and aerobic conditions with leachate recirculation, pH, COD, and ammonia in the leachate and pH, biodegradable organic matter （BDM）, and cation exchange capacity （CEC） in refuse were detected. Results CEC increased gradually with the degradation of refuse, which was negatively correlated with BDM. COD and ammonia in the leachate was declined to 399.2 mg L^-1 and 20.6 mg N L^-1, respectively, during the 357-day operation. The respective concentrations of ammonia and COD were below the second and the third levels of current discharge standards in China. Conclusion The refuse is relatively stable at the end of hybrid bioreactor landfill operation. Most of the readily biodegradable organic matter is mineralized in the initial phase of refuse degradation, whereas the hard-biodegradable organic matter is mainly humidified in the maturity phase of refuse degradation.

关键词： refuse Degradation Hybrid bioreactor landfill

Conversion of organic carbon in the decomposable organic wastes in anaerobic lysimeters under different temperatures

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 315-322页

作者： ZHAO You-cai, WANG Luo-chun (National Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.) National Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

The quantitative fractions of conversion of organic carbon in the decomposable organic wastes with initial moisture of 70% sorted from municipal solid wastes(MSW) in lysimeters into biogas, leachate and solid residue were characterized, under temperatures of 25, 30 and 41℃, respectively, and circulation of leachate generated within the lysimeters. It is found that 27% of organic carbon in the wastes are conversed into gases, 0.8% into leachate, and the other 72% remained in the decomposable solid residues, after 180 days' degradation at 41℃. Higher temperature will lead to more rapid degradation and result to higher conversion of the organic carbon to biogas and lower to both solid residues and leachate, while the pollutant concentrations in leachate will be lower at a higher temperature and the values of COD are quite consistent with TOC.

关键词： refuse organic wastes lysimeters organic carbon conversion

Study of Engineering Characteristics of Coal refuse Foundation

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 1998年第1期19卷 45-49页

作者：戴华阳唐志新黄乐亭

Coal refuse in a natural state is a kind of loose medium with inherent physical and chemical properties. It can be used after compaction as materials for foundation of buildings. Based on the results of numerical analysis and experiments, a study is successfully made in this paper to reveal the compression, load-bearing and anti-mining de formation characteristics. The obtained results are of great significance in guiding the miniug operations under surface buildings erected on pre-paved refuse foundations.

关键词： coal refuse foundation characteristic discrete element method experimental analysis

Exploring the Negative Perceptions Influencing the Refusal of Flu Vaccination in the Older Adult Aged Greater than 60 Years Old: A Qualitative Systematic Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第10期10卷 55-83页

作者： Wa Kit Yu Elizabeth Puffett Oxford Institute of Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR) Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford The United Kingdom

Aim: To review and investigate the negative perceptions influencing the refusal of flu vaccination in the older adult population age older than 60-year-old. Methods: This literature review focus on the qualitative studies or qualitative data from the mix-design research. A structural search of databases was performed for qualitative studies or mix-design research containing qualitative methods which were published in English between 2011 and 2021. There are eight studies selected in total, including 6 pure qualitative studies and 2 mixed-design studies with qualitative research methods. Only the qualitative data would be analyzed during this literature review. Results: Five descriptive themes emerged: “Insufficient promotion for influenza vaccination by healthcare professionals”, “Anti-vaccination influence”, “Insufficient local policies for encouraging influenza vaccination in elders”, “The negative personal experience of influenza vaccination” and “The negative perception of influenza vaccination from social network”. And one analytical theme was developed: “The cultural influence of influenza vaccination”. “Anti-vaccination influence” was the most significant theme out of the others, as this theme contained the greatest number of correlations to the other themes. Discussion: The six themes synthesized from the reviewed studies have correlations between them. The theme of anti-vaccine influence was the most significant theme with the evidence of the greatest number of correlations with the other theme. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors strengthen the effect of anti-vaccine perception in older adults, leading to refusal of influenza vaccination in older people population. Conclusion: The government should design new strategies for promoting influenza vaccination among older adults and acknowledge their needs culturally and financially. The cooperation of alternative medicine and mainstream western medicine maybe help for promoting influenza vaccination among older adults who adopted alternative medicine. More

关键词： Perceptions Flu Vaccine Elder refuse

A Novel Method of Fruit Raw Material Reprocessing

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Engineering（科研） 2010年第12期2卷 962-968页

作者： Alexander A. Emelyanov Konstantin A. Emelyanov 不详

We introduced a method of deep resources-economy reprocessing of fruit raw material. Based on the raw material fractionation at decreased temperatures the method results in the production of bioactive food stuffs, which are dry juice and refuse and natural water. The method includes the production of directly extracted juice and pulp refuse, juice evaporation in vacuum with the production of concentrate and natural water, and air drying the concentrate and the refuse. The method is realized for garden strawberry and cucurbit pulp. The mass concentration of solid in the fractions of cucurbit pulp is defined and the specific weight of the fractions are defined. It is shown that the solid of the cucurbit pulp is uniformly allocated between the fractions and amounts 34% for the dry juice, 31% for the dry refuse, and 35% for the natural water. Food and biological values of the cucurbit pulp fractions are determined. It is determined that the cucurbit includes silicium, nickel, and chromium. Silicium is contained only in dry fractions;nickel is present everywhere;chromium is discovered only in the natural water. Food and biological values of the cucurbit pulp are defined and their allocation between the fractions is determined. Separate components concentrations of the solid considerably differ between the fractions. Thus, two thirds of pulp protein is concentrated in the dry juice and a third is concentrated in the refuse. The natural water contains up to 90% of fat and sugar, from a half to two thirds of B-group vitamins, and the bulk of the mineral substances (K, Na, Ca, Mg, S, Co, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Zn), which concentration composes from 73% for potassium up to 100% for chromium.

关键词： Fruit Raw Material Vacuum Evaporation Air Drying Bioactive Fractions Dry Juice Dry Pulp refuse Nature Fruit Water

PillCam Colon 2 capsule in patients unable or unwilling to undergo colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2013年第11期5卷 559-567页

作者： Lucian Negreanu Ruxandra Babiuc Andreea Bengus Roxana Sadagurschi Internal Medicine 2 Gastroenterology Department University HospitalCarol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest

AIM: To assess the feasibility, accuracy and acceptability of PillCam Colon 2 in detection of significant lesions in colorectal cancer risk patients, unable or unwilling to perform colonoscopy. METHODS: This is a prospective, single center study using the second generation of PillCam Colon capsule. In all patients the readers were instructed to review the entire colon capsule endoscopy(CCE) examination using Rapid 7 software and additionally to note significant extra-colonic findings. Colonic significant findings were described according to European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines. CCE procedure completion rate, level of bowel preparation and rate of adverse events were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 70 patients at risk of colorectal cancer were enrolled in the study. In three patients the procedure failed because the capsule was not functioning when entered the colon. PillCam Colon 2 showed positive findings in 23(34%, 95%CI: 21.6%-44.1%) of the remaining 67 patients. Six patients were diagnosedwith tumors: 4 with colon cancers, 1 with gastric cancer and 1 with a small bowel cancer. The capsule findings were confirmed after surgery in all these patients. The capsule excretion rate in twelve hours was 77% with 54 patients having a complete examination. The rectum was not explored during CCE procedure, in 16 patients(23%, 95%CI: 13.7%-34.1%). Every patient accepted CCE as an alternative exploration tool and 65/70(93%) agreed to have another future control by CCE. No complications were reported during or after CCE examination. CONCLUSION: PillCam Colon 2 capsule was effective in detecting significant lesions and might be considered an adequate alternative diagnostic tool in patients unable or unwilling to undergo colonoscopy.

关键词： Colon cancer Colonoscopy failure Colonoscopy refuse Colon capsule Pillcam Colon 2