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refusal Speech Acts in Chinese and American English

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海外英语 2012年第12X期 254-256页

作者：李洪琳 Foreign Language Department Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology

refusals are frequently performed in our daily *** on the speech act theory of Austin and Searle,with the theoretical frame of the politeness theory put forward by Brown and Levinson,It presents a comparative study of speech acts of refusal in Chinese and American *** results show that refusals vary in directness with situations and cultures;On the one hand,both languages employ the three directness types,namely the direct refusal speech act,ability of negation and indirect refusal speech act,and prefer indirect *** situational variability of directness in both languages follows a similar *** the other hand,Americans are more direct than ***,Chinese shows the lower degree of situational variation in the use of the three directness ***' s choices of refusal strategies are influenced by social power and social *** all these evidence,we maintain that the cross-linguistic differences are due to basic differences in cultural values.

关键词： refusal speech acts Chinese American cultural valu

The Erasure of Signifiers and refusal of Signification in Philip Larkin's Poem“High Window”

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海外英语 2013年第6X期 195-197页

作者：刁俊春复旦大学上海200433 嘉兴学院浙江嘉兴314001

This paper tries to analyze Philip Larkin's poem"High Window"from a deconstructive perspective. It is to show that in the poem the key words/signifiers are always under erasure, and thus the chain of signification is endless since the poem is self-deconstructing. Then, the paper argues that the linguistic features of the poem paradoxically meaningful in the sense that it reflects the poet's skepticism and anxiety.

关键词： "High Window" erasure refusal skepticism anxiety

High-context and Low-context communication: A Case Study of A Chinese refusal

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海外英语 2013年第21期 305-306,309页

作者：吴建晓钱敏浙江中医药大学外国语学院浙江杭州310053

Edward Hall offers us an effective means of examining cultural similarities and differences,that is the classification of high-context and low-context *** paper attempts to analyze a case of a Chinese refusal from the perspective of highcontext and low-context communication and explores the differences between the two types of communication.

关键词： high-context low-context refusal

A Genre——based Analysis of English refusal Letters

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海外英语 2014年第12X期 228-229页

作者：费伟广东警官学院广东广州510232

The present study analyzes ten English refusal letters of two subcategories based on Swales' genre analysis model and finds that difference exists in the generic features of the two subcategorized types. Teachers should reveal the underlying rationale behind linguistic features of a specific genre so that students can not only identify genre but also apply it appropriately.

关键词： genre analysis refusal letters teaching

Cross-cultural Pragmatics within Speech Act:refusal in Chinese and American Culture

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海外英语 2010年第9X期 183-183,196页

作者：李璐璐 Sanjiang University

This essay concentrates on the differences in one cross-cultural pragmatics within one speech acts-refusal in both Chinese culture and American *** background theories are introduced at the beginning,followed by specific pragmatics situations of *** the end of the essay,some concepts of cross-cultural pragmatics speech acts teaching are also discussed.

关键词： Cross-cultural pragmatics speech act Chinese and American cultures refusal

Investigation of Prefrontal Cortex Activity in University Students with Presenteeism: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第9期5卷 339-347页

作者： Masateru Matsushita Schuhei Yamamura Manabu Ikeda Center for Medical Education and Research Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan Department of Psychiatry Kinki Central Hospital Itami Japan Osaka University Health Care Center Toyonaka Japan Department of Neuropsychiatry Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan

Presenteeism refers to impaired performance attributed to attending work with health problems. There has been no study examining the state of presenteeism with objective measures. We compared cerebral hemodynamic changes, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), during neuropsychological tests conducted by university students with presenteeism and healthy controls. Twenty-two university students participated in the study;11 of them with impaired performance caused by mental health problem were allocated to the presenteeism group and 11 without health problems to the control group. Presenteeism was assessed by the Presenteeism Scale for Students. To evoke hemodynamics changes, the participants completed a Word Fluency Test (WFT) and a Trail Making Test (TMT). The NIRS probes were located over the bilateral prefrontal area. Students with presenteeism had significantly higher incidences of depression than controls. However, there was no significant difference in behavioral performance examinations between the two groups. With regard to hemodynamics changes, the repeated measures analysis of covariance of the NIRS signals revealed significant interactions between group and task activation. Although we observed a significant increase in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration during the WFT among controls (simple main effect;left channel, F(1, 19) = 27.34, P F(1, 19) = 22.05, P < 0.001), no changes were found in students with presenteeism during either the WFT (simple main effect;left channel, F(1, 19) = 0.12, P F(1, 19) = 0.08, P t = ﹣0.94, P with Bonferroni correction = 0.745;right channel, t = ﹣2.19, P with Bonferroni correction < 0.113). This is the first study to reveal differences in activity in the cerebral cortex associated with presenteeism. The fact that students with presenteeism have prefrontal dysfunction might reinforce the concept of presenteeism.

关键词： Absenteeism Adolescent Health Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Presenteeism School refusal

Why Did Sudanese End Stage Renal Failure Patients Refuse Renal Transplantation?

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2015年第2期5卷 35-39页

作者： Amin S. Banaga Elaf B. Mohammed Rania M. Siddig Diana E. Salama Sara B. Elbashir Mohamed O. Khojali Rasha A. Babiker Khalifa Elmusharaf Mamoun M. Homeida Department of Medicine & Nephrology University of Medical Sciences and Technology Academy Charity Teaching Hospital Khartoum Sudan Clinical Research Assistants Department of Nephrology Academy Charity Teaching Hospital Khartoum Sudan Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Medical Sciences & Technology Khartoum Sudan Department of Epidemiology & Public Health Medicine Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland (RCSI) Dublin Ireland Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Medical Sciences & Technology Khartoum Sudan

Renal transplantation remains the most effective treatment of End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF). In this cross sectional study we explore the reasons behind refusal of renal transplantation among adults’ Sudanese haemodialysis patients. The subjects of the study are ESRF adults’ patients on regular haemodialysis treatment in 15 haemdoialysis centres in Khartoum/Sudan. All patients who are on regular haemodialysis were interviewed by questionnaire to explore the reasons of refusal of renal transplantation. A total of 1583 ESRF adults’ patients on regular haemodialysis have been participated in the study, 381 (24.1%) patients refused kidney transplantation. The mean age of patients refusing kidney transplantation was (58.5 + 15.1 years);77.4% of them were ≥50 years old, 59.2% were males and 88.1% were unemployed, patients older than 50 years old and unemployed are tend to refuse renal transplantation

关键词： Sudan ESRF Transplantation refusal