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Size-dependent locomotory performance creates a behaviorally mediated prey size refuge in the marine snail Olivella sem istriata:a study in the natural habitat

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 57-62页

作者： Callie A.VEELENTURF Winfried S.PETERS Biology Department Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA Goldring-Gund Marine Biology Station Playa GrandeSanta CruzGuanacasteCosta Rica School of Biological Sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

The effects of the variability of individual prey locomotory performance on the vulnerability to predation are poorly understood,partly because individual performance is difficult to determine in natural *** gain insights into the role(s)of individual variation in predatory relationships,we study a convenient model system,the neotropical sandy beach gastropod Olivella semistriata and its main predator,the carnivorous snail Agaronia *** largest size class of *** is known to be missing from ***'s spectrum of subdued prey,although the predator regularly captures much larger individuals of other *** resolve this conundrum,we analyzed predation attempts in the *** *** attacked *** of all sizes,large prey specimens usually escaped by'sculling',an accelerated,stepping mode of *** semistriata performed sculling locomotion regardless of size,but sculling velocities determined in the natural environment increased strongly with ***,growth in size as such does not establish a prey size refuge in which *** is safe from ***,a behaviorally mediated size refuge is created through the size-dependence of sculling *** together,this work presents a rare quantitative characterization in the natural habitat of the causal sequence from the size-dependence of individual performance,to the prey size-dependent outcome of predation attempts,to the size bias in the predator's prey spectrum.

关键词： Escape response Prey size refuge Locomotory performance Predator-prey size ratio Olivella semistriata Agaronia propatula

Analysis of a predator-prey model with herd behavior and disease in prey incorporating prey refuge

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2019年第1期12卷 133-171页

作者： Sangeeta Saha G.P.Samanta Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur Howrah-711103India

In this work,we have introduced an eco-epidemiological model of an infected predator prey *** of prey refuge gives that a fraction of the infected prey is available to the predator for ***,to make the model more realistic to the environment,we have introduced strong Allee effect in the susceptible *** and positivity of the solution have been *** stability conditions of the equilibrium points have been found with the help of Routh-Hurwitz criterion and it has been observed that if a prey population is infected with a lethal disease,then both the prey(susceptible and infected)and predator cannot survive simultaneously in the system for any parametric *** disease transmission rate and the attack rate on the susceptible have an important role to control the system *** different values of these two key parameters,we have got only healthy or disease-free or predation-free or a fluctuating disease-free or even a fluctuating predator-free system with some certain parametric conditions.

关键词： Allee effect herd behavior infected prey refuge extinction bifurcations

Study of refuge use on a predator-prey system with a competitor for the prey

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2017年第2期10卷 141-156页

作者： Debasis Mukherjee Department of Mathematics Vivekananda College Thakurpukur Kolkata 700063 India

In this paper, we propose a predator-prey system with a competitor for the prey. The model incorporates a constant prey refuge and predation process follows Holling type II response function. Using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, the sufficient conditions of locally asymptotically stable of all the equilibria are obtained. Furthermore, global stability of the positive equilibrium is investigated by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function. The occurrence of Hopf-bifurcation of the system is shown at a critical value ＂m＂ and the system can be stabilized by increasing amount of prey refuge. The result includes the sufficient conditions for uniform persistence. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the obtained results and the dependence of the dynamic behavior on the prey refuge.

关键词： Prey predator refuge stability bifurcation.

Natural refuge crops, buildup of resistance, and zero-refuge strategy for Bt cotton in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第10期53卷 1227-1238页

作者： ROZELLE Scott WILEN James Food Security and the Environment Program Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies Stanford University Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California Davis One Shields Avenue

In the context of genetically modified crops expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, a ‘refuge’ refers to a crop of the same or a related species that is planted nearby to enable growth and reproduction of the target pest without the selection pres- sure imposed by the Bt toxin. The goal of this study is to discuss the role of natural refuge crops in slowing down the buildup of resistance of cotton bollworm (CBW), and to evaluate China’s no-refuge policy for Bt cotton. We describe in detail the dif- ferent factors that China should consider in relation to the refuge policy. Drawing on a review of scientific data, economic analyses of other cases, and a simulation exercise using a bio-economic model, we show that in the case of Bt cotton in China, the no-refuge policy is defensible.

关键词： Bt cotton resistance natural refuge crops China

Analysis of an Eco-Epidemiological Model Considering Effect of Harvesting and Prey refuge

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Applied Mathematics 2022年第9期13卷 733-744页

作者： Aihua Kang College of General Education Shanxi College of Technology Shuozhou China

In this work, we analyze an eco-epidemiological model with the disease in the prey, considering a constant proportion of harvesting of either species or a prey refuge. The positive invariant set, the conditions of existence, and locally asymptotically stability of the equilibria are studied using the stability theory of ordinary differential equation. The global stability of border equilibria by constructing Lyapunov functions and permanence of the system by comparison theoremare proved. The numerical simulation further proved the correctness of the theoretical analysis. The result indicates that overfishing would lead to population extinction and a reasonable fishing strategy should keep the coexistence of populations.

关键词： refuge Harvesting Eco-Epidemiological Model Permanence

STABILITY PROPERTY OF A PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM WITH A CONSTANT PROPORTION OF PREY refuge AND STAGE-STRUCTURE FOR PREY SPECIES

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Annals of Applied Mathematics 2017年第3期33卷 289-307页

作者： Tingting Li College of Math.and Computer Science Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116FujianPR China

A predator-prey system with a constant proportion of prey refuge and stage-structure for prey species is proposed and studied in this paper. A set of conditions for the permanence of the system is obtained. The local stability of the system is discussed by the sign of eigenvalues. Furthermore, by using the iterative method, some suitable sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of the interior equilibrium is obtained. Our study shows that the constant proportion of prey refuge could lead to more complicate dynamic behaviors. Numerical simulations are also presented to illustrate the feasibility of the main results.

关键词： predator-prey stage-structure refuge global stability

DYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF A NONAUTONOMOUS RATIO-DEPENDENT LESLIE SYSTEM INCORPORATING A PREY refuge

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Annals of Differential Equations 2013年第4期29卷 379-389页

作者： Wanlin Chen Fengde Chen Xiaojie Gong Kun Yang College of Math. and Computer Science Fuzhou University

A nonautonomous ratio-dependent Leslie system incorporating a prey refuge is studied in this paper. By applying the comparison theorem of diferential equations and constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, a set of sufcient conditions which guarantee the persistent property and global attractivity of the system is obtained. Also, by applying the comparison theorem of diferential equations and Fluctuation Lemma, a set of sufcient conditions which ensure the extinction of the prey species and the global attractivity of predator species is obtained. This result shows that for the Lotka-Volterra type predator-prey system, when the value of prey refuge increases, predator species will be driven to extinction due to the lack of food. Our study shows that the alternative food resource predator species is always permanent, which means that prey refuge has no infuence on the permanence of predator species. However, refuge plays an important role in the persistent property of the prey species: large enough prey refuge could keep the persistent property of the prey species, while small enough refuge could lead to the extinction of prey species. Numerical simulations show the feasibility of the main results.

关键词： Leslie system refuge ratio-dependent global attractivity extinction

Can other host species of cotton bollworm be non-Bt refuges to prolong the effectiveness of Bt-cotton?

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第21期46卷 1804-1808页

作者： TAN Shengjiang CHEN Xiaofeng LI Dianmo ZHANG Huizhen State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Insect Pests&Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Handan Plant-protection Station of Hebei Province Handan 056000China

The potential ecological risks of Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) insecticides and Bt-crops have caused increasing concern since their commercial release in the field, among which pests’ resistance to Bt-crops is the major ecological risk. refuge tactic, which can produce sensitive populations, has proved to be a key and sound resistance management strategy in USA and Australia; however, no tactics have been performed in China where Bt-cotton is mostly planted with other host crops of cotton bollworm. Genetic variation and gene flow among different host populations of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera were analyzed using PCR fingerprinting method. The results show that maize and castor-oil plant, as well as cotton can take effect as refuges to prevent resistance of cotton bollworm to Bt-cotton, while peanut and sesame are not as suitable for planting with Bt-cotton as refuges in the field as low gene flow was detected among populations on peanut, sesame and Bt cotton.

关键词： transgenic Bt-cotton Helicoverpa armigera host crops refuge gene flow resistance management.

Avian preference for close proximity to human habitation and its ecological consequences

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 623-630页

作者： Anders Pape MOLLER Mario DiAZ Ecologie Systematique Evolution CNRS Universite Paris-Sud AgroParisTech Universite Pari-Saclay 0rsay Cedex F-91400 France Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC-MNCN-CSIC) National Museum of Natural Sciences CSIC c/Serrano 155bis Madrid E-28006 Spain

Human proximity often have negative consequences for wildlife. However, animals may also benefit from human proximity in terms of availability of resources and protection against predators and parasites. We recorded the distance between all birds detected during the breeding season along 18 5-kin transects and the nearest inhabited house in three areas of 50 km2 in Spain, France, and Denmark. More than three quarters of birds were located closer than 100 m to the nearest house, while the null expectation was less than a third. Mean distance for species was correlated with degree of bird urbanization and with flight initiation distance. Habitat specialist species with small breeding territories tended to live closer to houses. Birds from species having more broods per year, larger annual fecundity and lower nest predation rate lived closer to human habitation. Breeding range size, population density, and continental breeding population sizes were larger for species living closer to human habitation. Most relationships between distance to houses and bird traits had a strong phylogenetic signal, but most additive trait effects remained after phylogenetic correction. Proximity to human habitation was a main driver of the distribution of birds, with most individuals and species tightly linked to inhabited houses. Living close to human habitation was associated with success in the colonization of urban habitats and with consistent changes in distribution, abundance, behavior, and life history. Replicated measurements of the spatial and tempo- ral variation in these distributions may be useful for monitoring and analyzing the ongoing process of organisms＇ urbanization.

关键词： birds distance to nearest house flight initiation distance humans refuge urbanization.