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Potential for carbon sequestration in reclaimed mine soil on reforested surface mining areas in Poland

Natural Science 2010年第9期2卷 1015-1021页

作者： Marcin Pietrzykowski Wojciech Krzaklewski 不详

Reclaimed mine soils (RMS) which develop on post-mining sites play significant role in Carbon sequestration in new ecosystems, especially in local range on areas disturbed by human activity. This study presents the potential for Carbon sequestration in RMS developing on 3 post sur- face mining areas in Poland (Central Europe) reforested with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L). Research was conducted on waste heaps and quarry which accompany open cast lignite, sul- fur, and sand mining. Control plots were arrang- ed in managed pine forests on natural sites in the surrounding area. The results shows high Carbon accumulation in RMS, estimated on 16.77 Mg?ha-1 in poor (oligotrofic) soils on Quaternary sands on sand quarry and up to 65.03 Mg?ha-1 on external waste heap after Sulfur sur- face mining exploitation on Quaternary sands mixed with Tertiary clays. These results were very similar to natural forest soils on control plots. Potential rate of Carbon sequestration in RMS was estimated on 0.73 (on the poorest sa- ndy soils on quarry) to 2.17 Mg?ha-1?yr-1 (on potentially abundant sandy-clayish soils on Sulfur waste heap), and 5.26 Mg?ha-1?yr-1 (on Tertiary sands substrate soils on lignite mining waste heap). In conslusion the average Carbon accu- mulation in RMS was estimated on 41 Mg?ha-1 and Carbon sequestration rate was 1.45 Mg? ha-1?yr-1. According to the result of this study and range of post-mining areas reclaimed to forestry in Poland (ca 15000 ha) total Carbon accumulation in RMS was estimated on 615 × 103 Mg and potential Carbon sequestration rate in new ecosystems on 21.75 × 103 Mg?ha-1?yr-1. However, the main factors affecting Carbon sequestration and protection in RMS under tree stand were substrate, percentage of clay and silt sized fraction, in order to formulate guidelines for sustainable management of post-mining ec- osystem, further study must be continue for be- tter understanding.

关键词： Post-Mining Ecosystem Reclaimed Mine Soils reforestation Carbon Sequestration

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Responses of Dobera glabra and Eight Co-Occurring Species to Drought and Salinity Stress at a Savanna-Scrub Ecotone:Implications in the Face of Climate Change

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第4期4卷 327-337页

作者： Aster Gebrekirstos Demel Teketay RMitlohner World Agroforestry Centre NairobiKenya Georg-August University of Gottingen Burckhardt-Institute of Tropical Silviculture and Forest EcologyGottingenGermany Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana College of AgricultureGaboroneBotswana

To quantify the resistance of different co-occurring species to drought and osmotic stress (salinity stress), plant water (Ψ) and osmotic (Ψp) potentials were measured during the dry season. We applied a pressure chamber and cryoscopy to measure Ψ and Ψp, respectively. The species revealed a wide range of responses to water stress (-0.83 to -5.8 MPa) and osmotic stress (-1.3 to -3.2 MPa) and not all plants fit closely into one or the other category. Evergreen species tended to have lower Ψ than deciduous species. Notably, Dobera glabra, well known as drought indicator tree in the region, showed the lowest Ψ (up to -5.8 MPa) and Ψp (-3.2 MPa). This indicates its outstanding drought and osmotic stress tolerance and explains its ability to thrive in drought prone areas and years. The recent expansion of A. oerfota and A. mellifera in the study area could be related to their tolerance of osmotic stress, which may imply a trend of soil salinization. The division of plant responses into categories or strategies can be valuable aid to understanding long-term plant survival and distribution, monitor site condition and predict the direction of future changes.

关键词： Drought Tolerance reforestation Domestication Plant Water Relation Adaptation Acacia Woodlands Ethiopia Agroforestry

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外部性校正之争与建立退耕还林还草补偿机制

农业经济导刊

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农业经济导刊 2002年第10期

作者：杨明洪

退耕还林还草是一项具有“积极的”或“正的”外部性经济活动。作者在分析了庇古等人的利益调整观点和科斯等人的改变利益调整的初始条件的观点这两种相对立的解决外部性问题观点以后，指出外部性问题解决的办法就是让政府找到一种内生... 详细信息

退耕还林还草是一项具有“积极的”或“正的”外部性经济活动。作者在分析了庇古等人的利益调整观点和科斯等人的改变利益调整的初始条件的观点这两种相对立的解决外部性问题观点以后，指出外部性问题解决的办法就是让政府找到一种内生交易费用与外生交易费用两难冲突的最优折衷方案，在解决退耕还林还草的外部性问题时保持产权模糊性是非常有利，因而应采取利益调整的办法。为此，作者建议加快建立退耕还林还草补偿机制。

关键词：外部性退耕还林还草利益调整补偿机制 Externality reforestation Interest Adjustment Compensation System

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