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Metal-organic framework-based materials as key components in electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第12期87卷 540-567,I0014页

作者： Soheila Sanati Ali Morsali Hermenegildo García Department of Chemistry Faculty of Basic SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehran 14115175Iran Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química Universidad Politecnica de ValenciaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficaSUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaValència 46022Spain

Studies have extensively addressed the development of electrocatalytic technologies for energy storage and conversion,fuel production,and environmental *** processes such as different oxidation and reduction reactions play a vital and significant role in these *** this regard,efficient,inexpensive,and stable electrocatalysts capable can significantly promote electrochemical *** features of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)such as their high porosity,tunable structure,size,and pore shape,high surface area,and redox properties have introduced them as an ideal electrocatalyst *** review is thus aimed at elucidating the role of MOF-based materials(pristine,derivatives and composites)as efficient electrocatalysts in energy and sensing-related oxidation and reduction reactions such as oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR),carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),urea oxidation reaction(UOR),alcohol oxidation reaction(AOR),nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),and glucose oxidation reaction(GOR)in advanced energy and sensing ***,the structure–property relationship of the electrocatalyst was elaborated for each electrocatalytic ***,perspectives on the potential research topics for practical use of MOF-based electrocatalysts are *** present review can improve the interest in MOF-based electrocatalysts to study different oxidation and reduction reactions in energy and sensing systems.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Electrocatalyst Oxidation reaction reduction reaction

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reduction of 1-3 mm iron ore by H_2 in a fluidized bed

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第6期16卷 620-625页

作者： Jian-ming Pang Pei-min Guo Pei Zhao Chao-zhen Cao Ding-guo Zhao Duo-gang Wang The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Steel Processes and Materials Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China

The reduction of 1-3 mm fine powder of iron ore by H2 was conducted in a lab-fabricated kg class high temperature fluidized bed. The results show that the differential pressure in the fluidized bed, which has small fluctuation with time, increases with the increase of gas flowing velocity. The utilization ratio of gas decreases when the reaction lasts longer time indicating that the reaction is faster at the beginning of reduction and becomes slower in the latter process. The higher the reaction temperature is, the higher the utilization ratio of gas is, but the difference of utilization ratio among the different temperatures becomes smaller with time. The utilization ratio of gas and the metallization ratio can reach 9% and 84% respectively at 750℃ for 20 min, which shows the reduction reaction by H2 is very fast. The increase of metallization ratio with gas velocity performs quite good linearity, which shows that a higher velocity of reducing gas can be used to improve the productivity of the reactor when H2 is used as reducing gas. With the increase of charge height, the metallization ratio decreases, but the utilization ratio of gas increases. The reaction temperature can be reduced to 700-750℃ from 800-850℃ when H2 is used as reducing gas.

关键词： hydrogen fluidized bed fine powder iron ore ironmaking reduction reaction

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Metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide: The role of metal centers

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第1期29卷 156-170,I0006页

作者： Ping Shao Luocai Yi Shumei Chen Tianhua Zhou Jian Zhang State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002FujianChina College of Chemistry Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina

Direct electrochemical reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuel is one of the most promising approaches to address the current energy crisis and lower CO2 ***,numerous metal-organic framework(MOF)and their derived materials have extensively been developed as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction owing to their unique structure including porosity,large specific surface area,and tunable chemical *** this review,the recent progress of MOF-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction was summarized and *** discussions mainly focus on the synthesis and mechanism of pristine MOFs and MOF-derived materials for electrocatalytic CO2 *** examples are expected to provide clues to rational design and synthesis of stable and high-performance MOFs-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction.

关键词： Metal organic framework Electrocatalyst Carbon dioxides reduction reaction Nanomaterials

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Characteristics and Kinetics of Nitrobenzene reduction by Sucrose-modified Nanoiron

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2013年第4期29卷 765-770页

作者： LI Hui ZHAO Yong-sheng ZHAO Ran MA Bai-wen CHEN Zi-fang SU Yan ZHOU Rui Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry College of Liberal Arts & Science Arizona State University Phoenix 85001 USA State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eeo-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 P. R. China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China

Sucrose-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron（SM-NZVI） was prepared with liquid phase reducing method, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） for the shape and structure The size of SM-NZVI particles was about 100--150 nm and they displayed better dispersity. The degradation of ni- trobenzene（NB） in water by SM-NZVI was carried out in batch experiments. The results indicate that the efficiency of NB reduction via SM-NZVI increased by 44.24% compared with that via NZV, I, and coexistent Ca2＋, Mg2＋, HCO3- and other ions showed little effect on NB reduction but negative influence on aniline（AN） production. Furthermore, the kinetic researches indicate that NB reduction with SM-NZVI could be described by pseudo first-order kinetic model at different initial pH values and iron dosage. The oxidation products of iron were mainly Fe304 and Fe203 with irregular shape.

关键词： Nanoiron Sucrose Nitrobenzene reduction reaction Kinetic

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Effects of reducing agent and approaching anodes on chromium removal in electrokinetic soil remediation

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 253-261页

作者： Xiaona WEI Shuhai GUO Bo WU Fengmei LI Gang LI Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

A soil remediation method combining in situ reduction of Cr（VI） with approaching anodes electroki- netic （AAs-EK） remediation is proposed. EK experiments were conducted to compare the effect of approaching anodes （AAs） and fixed electrodes （FEs） with and without sodium bisulfite （NaHSO3） as a reducing agent. When NaHSO3 was added to the soil before EK treatment, 90.3% of the Cr（VI） was reduced to Cr（III）. EK experiments showed that the adverse effect of contrasting migration of Cr（III） and Cr（VI） species, which limits the practical application of this technique, was eliminated in the presence of the reducing agent. Furthermore, Tessier fractionation analysis indicated that the reducing agent changed the distribution of the chemical forms of Cr. The AAs-EK method was shown to acidize the soil as the anode moved toward the cathode and this acid front pushed the ＂focusing＂ region toward the cathode. After remedia- tion, the pH of the soil was between 1.8 and 5.0 in AAs-EK experiments. The total Cr removal efficiency was 64.4% （except in the ＂focusing＂ region） when the reduction reaction was combined with AAs-EK method. We conclude that AAs-EK remediation in the presence of NaHSO3 is an appropriate method for Cr-contaminated soil.

关键词： chromium reduction reaction contrastingmigration approaching anode electrokinetic

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Investigation on the reaction between MgO-CaO-CaF_(2)and Al-C powders to extract magnesium under atmospheric pressure

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2019年第2期7卷 328-334页

作者： Teng Zhang School of Material Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054PR China

In order to utilize the carbon resource,a novel process was developed to extract magnesium from magnesia by the reaction between MgO-CaO-CaF_(2)and Al-C powders reinforced using mechanical activation technique under atmospheric pressure at 1223 K(950°C).The effects of C,CaO,CaF_(2),and ball milling time on the reduction ratio of magnesia was *** was found that the reduction ratio of magnesia is shown to increase with an increase of the variables being ***,the reactivity of Al was enhanced by the addition of C powder into reactants during the ball milling ***,the reduzate were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)to reveal the reaction *** results indicated that the reaction mechanism was different from the previous report owing to the addition of C powder during high energy ball milling process,and the reaction process is the reduction of MgO,the formation of 12CaO7Al_(2)O_(3),MgAl_(2)O_(4)and CaAl_(1.9)O_(4)C_(0.4)when the content of CaO is 20-30 wt%,and when the content of CaO is more than 30 wt%,the MgAl_(2)O_(4)phase is ***,with the addition of CaF_(2),the reduction reaction is expressed as the reduction of MgO,the formation of 11CaO7Al_(2)O_(3)CaF_(2)and CaAl_(1.9)O_(4)C_(0.4).

关键词： Al-C powder reduction reaction Ball milling reaction mechanism

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reaction Process of Chromium Slag Reduced by Industrial Waste in Solid Phase

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2007年第1期14卷 12-15页

作者： SHI Yu-min DU Xing-hong MENG Qing-jia SONG Shi-wei SUI Zhi-tong School of Materials and Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110006 Liaoning China Beijing Sentch Environmental Technology Co Ltd Beijing 100089 China Beijing Zhong Sheng Tai Ke Environment Science and Technology Development Co Ltd Beijing 100089 China

M, a particular industrial waste, was selected to detoxify chromium slag at a high temperature. The carbon remaining in M reduced Cr （ Ⅳ ） of Na2 CrO4 borne in the chromium slag to Cr （ Ⅲ ） in the solid phase reaction, and its thermodynamics and kinetics were studied. The reduction process of Na2CrO4 by carbon produced CO, whiCh＇was endothermic. Under the experimental condition, the apparent activation energy was 4. 41 kJ·mol^-1 , the＇apparent order of reaction for Na2 CrO4 was equal to one, and the partial pressure of CO was only 0.22 Pa at 1 330℃.

关键词： chromium slag industrial waste reduction reaction solid phase reaction process

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Synthesis, structure and characterization of the trinuclear copper (Ⅰ) complex [Cu_3(μ_3Br)_2(dppm)_3]Br

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 1999年第3期17卷 284-292,203页

作者：杨瑞娜孙雨安胡晓院金斗满 Henan Institute of Chemistry Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China Zhengzhou Institute of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China Henan Institute of Chemistry Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China

The novel trinuelear copper(I) complex [Cu3(μ3-Br)2(dppm)3]Br has been obtained by reaction of bis(diphenyl-phosphino)methane (dppm) with cupric bromide. The title complex was characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, 31P NMR and its conductivity was also measured. The [Cu3(dppm)3Br2] + cation consists of a triangular array of copper atoms, with dppm ligands (Ph2PCH2PPh2) bridging each edge of the triangle and two triply bridging Br groups bound to the two faces of the Cu3 unit. Crystallographic data: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 1.4739(4) , b = 1.7708(5), c = 2.8395(8) nm, β= 97.16(3)°, V = 7.353nm3, Z = 4,F(000)= 3296, Dcalc = 1.472 g/cm3, μ= 26.478 cm-1, R = 0.06, Rw = 0.08, 4654 reflections observed with I > 3σ(I).

关键词： Copper trinuclear complex reduction reaction

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