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Long-Term Effect of Fertilizer and Rice Straw on Mineral Composition and Potassium Adsorption in a reddish paddy soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 694-710页

作者： LIAO Yu-lin ZHENG Sheng-xian NIE Jun XIE Jian LU Yan-hong QIN Xiao-bo soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Hunan) Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment Ministry of Agriculture

Increasing K＋ adsorption can be an effective alternative in building an available K pool in soils to optimize crop recovery and minimize losses into the environment. We hypothesized that long-term fertilization might change K＋ adsorption because of changes in the chemical and mineralogical properties of a rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The aims of this study were （i） to determine clay minerals in paddy soil clay size fractions using X-ray diffraction methods and a numerical diagramdecomposition method; （ii） to measure K＋ adsorption isotherms before and after H202 oxidation of organic matter, and （iii） to investigate whether K＋ adsorption is correlated with changes in soil chemical and mineral properties. The 30-yr longterm fertilization treatments caused little change in soil organic C （SOC） but a large variation in soil mineral composition. The whole-clay fraction （〈5 Jam） corresponded more to the fertilization treatment than the fine-clay fraction （〈1 gin） in terms of percentage of illite peak area. The total percentage of vermiculite-chlorite peak area was significantly negatively correlated with the total percentage ofillite peak area in the 〈5 lam soil particles （R=-0.946, P〈0.0006）. Different fertilization treatments gave significantly different results in K＋ adsorption. The SOC oxidation test showed positive effects of SOC on K＋ adsorption at lower K＋ concentration （≤120 mg L-0 and negative effects at higher K＋ concentration （240 mg L-l）. The K＋ adsorption by soil clay minerals after SOC oxidization accounted for 60-158% of that by unoxidized soils, suggesting a more important role of soil minerals than SOC on K＋ adsorption. The K＋ adsorption potential was significantly correlated to the amount of poorly crystallized illite present （R--0.879, P=0.012）. The availability of adsorbed K＋ for plant growth needs further study.

关键词： long-term experiment mineral composition potassium adsorption reddish paddy soil

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Effects of Long-Term Winter Planted Green Manure on Physical Properties of reddish paddy soil Under a Double-Rice Cropping System

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第4期11卷 655-664页

作者： YANG Zeng-ping XU Ming-gang ZHENG Sheng-xian NIE Jun GAO Ju-sheng LIAO Yu-lin XIE Jian soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province Changsha 410125 P.R. China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R. China College of Resources and Environment Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 P.R.China

soil physical properties are important indicators of the potential for agricultural production.Our objective was to evaluate the effects of long-term inputs of green manures on physical properties of a reddish paddy soil（Fe-Typic Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols） under a double cropping system.The common cropping pattern before the study was early-late rice-fallow（winter）.The field treatments included rice-rice-fallow（R-R-WF）,rice-rice-rape（R-R-RP）,rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch（RR-MV）,and rice-rice-ryegrass（R-R-RG）.The rape,Chinese milk vetch and ryegrass were all incorporated as green manures 15 d before early rice transplanting during the following year.The soil bulk density in all green manure treatments was significantly reduced compared with the winter fallow treatment.soil porosity with green manure applications was significantly higher than that under the winter fallow.The green manure treatments had higher 0.25-5 mm water stable aggregates and aggregates stabilities in the plow layer（0-15 cm depth） compared with the fallow treatment.The mean weight diameter（MWD） and normalized mean weight diameter（NMWD） of aggregates in the green manure treatment were larger than that with the winter fallow.soil given green manure retained both a higher water holding capacity in the plow layer soil,and a larger volume of moisture at all matric potentials（-10,-33 and-100 kPa）.We conclude that the management of double-rice fields in southern central China should be encouraged to use green manures along with chemical fertilizers to increase SOC content,improve soil physical properties and soil fertility.

关键词： long-term experiment soil physical property green manure reddish paddy soil

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