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Phosphorus Fertilizer Effect in Sugarcane red soil and Its Loss Risk Assessment under Different Phosphorus Application Rates

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第12期18卷 2372-2377页

作者：朱晓晖曾艳黄金生区惠平周柳强谢如林谭宏伟广西壮族自治区农业科学院资源与环境研究所广西南宁530007

[Objectives] The soil phosphorus balance and potential risk of phosphorus loss under different phosphorus application rates in sugarcane red soil in Guangxi were evaluated to provide reference for scientific and rational application of phos- phorus fertilizer and reduction of environmental pollution. [Methods] A field trial and simulated rainfall experiment were carried out. In the field experiment, five phospho- rus levels （0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 kg P2OJhm2） were set, the yield of sugarcane stems and leaves were measured, and their phosphorus content was determined to obtain aboveground P accumulation and P surplus in soil. After sugarcane harvest- ing, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were ap- plied to soil with different levels of phosphorus to conduct the simulated rainfall ex- periment based on monthly rainfall from May to September in Guangxi during 2000-2015. The leachate was collected to analyze the concentration and total amount of phosphorus to obtain the regression equations between available phos- phorus content in soil and the increase of phosphorus concentration in leachate. [Results] Sugarcane yield increased significantly when phosphorus application rate was 150 kg P：~OJhm2. When phosphorus application rate exceeded this value, the yield of sugarcane stems and aboveground part was also significantly higher than the treatment without phosphorus application, but the increase of yield was similar to the treatment with phosphorus application rate of 150 kg P2OJhm2. According to the relationship equation between phosphorus application rate and soil Olsen-P con- tent as well as the relationship equations between the increment of P concentration in leachate and soil Olsen-P content in the treatments with calcium magnesium phosphate and KH2PO4, the increment of P concentration in leachate was 0.02-0.04 mg/L when phosphorus application rate was 75 kg P2OJhm2; the increment of P concentration in leachate was 0.07-0.10 mg/L as pho

关键词： Sugarcane red soil Phosphorus Loss risk

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Influence of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application on Available Phosphorus and Easy-loss Phosphorus Content in red soil

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2012年第3期13卷 570-573,577页

作者：赵牧秋陈欣史云峰中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所辽宁沈阳110016 琼州学院生物科学与技术学院海南三亚572022

[Objective] This study was to investigate the influence of phosphorus （P） fertilizer application on available P and easy-loss P content in red soil under aerobic incubating condition, with the aim to provide theoretical basis for the management of elemental P and evaluation of elemental P loss potential. [Method] Totally six treat- ments were set to the soil samples. The Olsen-P, Bray-1 P and CaCl2-P contents of each soil sample were measured after indoor aerobic incubation. [Result] In the red soil of different P fertilizer application rates, the Olsen-P content decreased with the increasing of incubation time, while the content of Bray-1 P increased and CaCI2-P content was first increased then decreased. CaCl2-P content was linear correlated with Olsen-P content and Bray-1 P content. About 62% P fertilizers were transformed into Bray-1 P pool, and 14% into Olsen-P pool, but only 0.12% transformed into CaCl2-P pool. [Conclusion] There is little risk of P loss caused by P fertilizer application under aerobic condition, but it would increase with the increasing application dose, and the most serious time is the primeval period after P fertilizer application.

关键词： Phosphorus fertilizer Available phosphorus red soil Incubation

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Effect of copper on phospholipid fatty acid composition of microbial communities in two red soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第3期18卷 503-509页

作者： YAO Huai-ying LIU Yue-yan XUE Dong HUANG Chang-yong Institute of soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） in both red soils were significantly correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N, which decreased consistently with increasing levels of copper. The relative quantities of the PLFAs 17：0 （10 Me）, i16：0, il 5：0 and 16：1w5c, decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration, while those of cyl7：0, which is an indicator of gram-negative bacteria, increased. The Shannon index calculated from the PLFA data indicated that Cu addition in the red soils decreased the population diversity of soil microbial communities. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that high levels of Cu application had a significant impact on microbial community structure and there is a threshold metal concentration for PLFA composition. Comparatively higher toxic effect on microbial biomass and community structure were found in the red sandy soil than those in the red clayey soil. The differential effect of Cu addition on microbial communities in the two soils may be due to differences in soil texture and cation exchange capacity.

关键词： copper phospholipid fatty acid microbial biomass red soil

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Ecological and Economic Benefits of Vegetation Management Measures in Citrus Orchards on red soils

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Pedosphere 2008年第2期18卷 214-221页

作者： SHUI Jian-Guo WANG Qiu-Zhen LIAO Gen-Qing J. AU J. L. ALLARD Institute of Environmental Resources and soil Fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 （China） College of Management Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 （China） soil ＆ Fertilizer Station of Wucheng District Jinhua 321000 （China） Syngenta （China） Investment Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200041 （China） Syngenta Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. 250 North Bridge Road Singapore 179101 （Singapore）

A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the economic and ecological benefits of six types of vegetation management measures in citrus orchards of the hilly red soil region of the eastern part of *** vegetation treatments,including tillage without herbicide(clean tillage)and no tillage without herbicide(sod culture) and with herbicide paraquat(paraquat),glyphosate(glyphosate),glyphosate-glyphosate-paraquat(G-G-P),and paraquat- paraquat-glyphosate(P-P-G),were applied in the citrus orchards on a clayey red soil with slopes of 8°and 13°and a sandy soil with slope of 25°.The results showed that the sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments reduced surface runoff by 38.8%,42.5%,18.7%,28.7%,and 37.5%,then the soil-water losses by 55.5%,51.7%,39.9%,46.8%, and 50.0%,and the N,P,and K nutrient losses by 60.3%,50.2%,37.0%,41.8%,and 45.4%,respectively,as compared with the clean tillage *** weed regeneration ratios with the treatments of clean tillage without herbicide,paraquat, glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G were reduced by 55.1%,67.2%,30.3%,36.8%,and 51.2%,respectively,as compared with the sod *** sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments could increase the soil fertility (annual accumulation of N,P,K,and OM)by 7.1%,6.9%,5.3%,6.2%,and 6.6%,respectively,whereas the clean tillage treatment without herbicide reduced soil fertility by 4.4% after the three-year *** citrus fruit yields in the treatments of paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G increased by 7%-10%;the soluble solid,total sugar,total acidity,sugar-acid ratio,and single fruit weight of citrus fruits of all treatments except sod culture significantly(P>0.05) exceeded that of the clean tillage *** general,the paraquat treatment showed the best economic and ecological benefits among the six treatments;therefore,it could be regarded as the best available vegetation management measure in citrus orchards of hilly red soil region

关键词： benefits citrus herbicide red soil vegetation management

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Water Budget Analysis of red soils in Central Jiangxi Province, China

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Pedosphere 2004年第2期14卷 241-246页

作者： CHENJia-Zhou HEYuan-Qiu CHENMing-Liangt CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment HuazhongAgriculturalUniversityWuhan430070（China）.E-mail：whcjz@263net InstituteofsoilScience ChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008（China）

The daily soil water budgets in the red soil areas of central Jiangxi Province,southern China,were investigated with a large-scale weighing lysimeter and runoff plots. From 1998 to 2000,peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and rape (Brassica napus L.) were planted in the lysimeter and in 1999,peanuts were planted in the runoff plots. The soil water budget components including rainfall,runoff,percolation and evapotranspiration were measured directly or calculated by Richards' equation and water balance equation. The results showed that most rainfall,including rainstorms,occurred from March to July,and induced the greatest soil water percolation during the year. The evapotranspiration was still large from July to September when rainfall was minimal. Thus,the lack of synchronization in soil water inputs and losses was disadvantageous to crops growing in this region. Among the soil water losses,percolation was the largest,followed by evapotranspiration,and then soil runoff. Runoff was very small on farmland with crops. It was significantly different from the uncultivated uplands where large-scale runoff was usually reported. The soil water storage fluctuated sinusoidally,with a large amplitude in the rainy season and a small amplitude in the dry season.

关键词： red soil runoff plot water budget weighing lysimeter

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Formation　and　Water　Stability　of　Aggregates　in　red　soils　as　Affected　by　Organic　Matter

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Pedosphere 1996年第1期6卷 39-45页

作者： ZHANG MINGKUI HE ZHENLI CHEN GUOCHAO HUANG CHANGYONGI andM. J. WILSON￣2(￣1DePartment of Land Use and Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hangzhou 31O029(China))(￣2soils and soil Microbiology Division, Macaulay Land Use Research Inst Department of Land Use and Applied Chemistry Zhejiang Agricultural University Hangzhou 310029 China.

The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studied. The results showed that the water stability of soil aggregates declined with increasing size, especially for the low organic matter soils. Organic matter plays a key role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The larger the soil aggregate size, the greater the impact of organic matter on the water stability of soil aggregates. Removal of organic matter markedly disintegrated the large water-stable aggregates (> 2.0 mm) and increased the small ones ( 2.0 mm) were mainly glued up by organic matter. Both free oxides and organic matter contribute to the formation and water stability of aggregates in red soils.

关键词： aggregate free oxides organic matter red soil water stability

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Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Chinese red soils with Varying Fertility Levels and Land Use Histories

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Pedosphere 2001年第2期11卷 97-103页

作者： YAO HUAIYING, HE ZHENLI and HUANG CHANGYONG Department of Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 (China) 浙江大学浙江杭州 310029

Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) was used to estimate the microbial community structures of eight Chinese red soils with different fertility levels and land use histories. The total amounts of PLFAs in the soils were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass C and basal respiration, indicating that total PLFA was closely related to fertility and sustainability in these highly weathered soils. soils for the eroded wasteland were rich in Gram-positive species. When the eroded soils were planted with citrus trees, the soil microbial population had changed little in 4 years but took up to 8-12 years before it reached a significantly different population. Multivariate analysis of PLFAs demonstrated that land use history and plant cover type had a significant impact on microbial community structure. However, the difference of soil microbial community structure in the paddy field compared to other land uses was not larger than expected in this experiment.

关键词： microbial community structure phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) red soil

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Effect of Electrolytes on Surface Charge Characteristics of red soils

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Pedosphere 1992年第4期2卷 327-336页

作者： SHAOZONG－CHEN HEQUN 等 InstituteofsoilScience AcademiaSinicaP.O.Box821Nanjing210008（China） InstituteofsoilScience Academia

The zero point of charge (ZPC) and the remaining charge σp at ZPC are two important parameters characterizing surface charge of red *** red soil samples of different soil type and parent material were treated with dithionite-citrate-dicarbonate (DCB) and Na2CO3 *** and σp of the samples in three indifferent electrolytes (NaCl,Na2SO4,and NaH2PO4) were *** was used as *** results showed that ZPC of red soils was affected by the composition of parent materials and clay minerals and in significantly positive correlation with the content of total iron oxide (Fet),free iron oxide (Fed),amorphous iron oxide (Feo),aluminum oxide (Alo) and clay,but it was negatively correlated with the content of total silica (Sit).The σp of red soils was also markedly influenced by mineral *** components were also contributing factor to the value of σ*** surface charges of red soils were evidently affected by the constitution of the *** adsorption of anions in the electrolytes tended to make the ZPC of red soils shift to a higher pH value and to increase positive surface charges of the soils,thus leading to change of the σp value and decrease of the remaining net negative charges,even to the soils becoming net positive charge *** effect of phosphate anion was greater than that of sulfate ion.

关键词： electrolyte red soil remaining charge σp specific adsorption of anion zero point of charge

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Aluminum extractability in red soils as influenced by land use patterns

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2002年第2期3卷 93-97页

作者：叶兰军谢正苗黄昌勇徐建明 Institute of soil & Water Resources and EnvironmentZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

This study on the effect of land use on soil quality in relation to forms and toxicity of aluminum in red soils (Ultisol) in southeast China showed that in general, the extractable order for soil active aluminum by four extractants was: NaOH 0.5 mol/L > HCl 1 mol/L > NH 4Ac 1 mol/L > KCl 1 mol/L . Different uses of the red soils, developed from Quarternary red clay with the similar hydrogeological environment, greatly affected the amount of active aluminum, especially the exchangeable Al 3+ . The order of exchangeable Al 3+ (Al mg/kg) in the red soils with different land uses was: barren land (740) > tea garden (663) > peach garden (432) > citrus garden (234) > paddy soil (127). The content of water soluble aluminum in the red soils was highly sensitive to soil acidity.

关键词： Aluminum form Land use red soil Ultisol soil quality

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Microbial biomass in red soils and its significance in plant availability of nitrogen

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2002年第2期3卷 98-101页

作者：姚槐应何振立黄昌勇 Department of soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

A series of laboratory and pot experiments carried out to examine the role of soil microbial biomass in red soils’ nitrogen availability and productivity showed that soil available N (N\-A), dry matter yield (DMY) of ryegrass, and plant uptake of nitrogen were each closely correlated with microbial biomass\|C (C\-\{mic\}) or \|N (N\-\{mic\}), suggesting that soil microbial biomass is a very important nitrogen pool available to plants in red soils. After correction for the substrate effect, the computed turnover of the N\-\{mic\} in three tested soils ranged from 63 to 250 days. soils with low N\-\{mic\} or light texture generally had higher N\-\{mic\} turnover rate than those with high N\-\{mic\} or heavy texture. These results showed that soils with low N\-\{mic\}, microbial biomass could also play an important role in the availability of nitrogen to plants due to these soils’ high turnover rate.

关键词： Microbial biomass N Nitrogen availability red soil Ryegrass turnover rate

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