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Contribution of soil fauna to the degradation of recalcitrant components in Cinnamomum camphora foliar litter in different-sized gaps in Pinus massoniana plantations

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 931-941页

作者： Yan Zhang Danju Zhang Xun Li Jian Zhang Institute of Ecology and Forestry College of Forestry Chengdu 611130People’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Chengdu 611130People’s Republic of China

Forest gaps are important in forest dynamics and management, but little is known about how soil fauna influence the degradation of recalcitrant litter components in different-sized forest gaps. This investigation uses litterbags with two different mesh sizes (0.04 and 3 mm) to control the meso- and microfauna entering the bags to quantify the contribution of soil fauna to the degradation of recalcitrant components (including condensed tannins, total phenol, lignin and cellulose) during litter decomposition. The experiment was conducted in seven different forest gap sizes in Pinus massoniana plantations over 1 year. One closed-canopy site (CC) and forest gap sizes of 100, 225, 400, 625, 900, 1225 and 1600 m^2 were created in a P. massoniana plantation in the Sichuan basin of China;the CC was treated as the control. Cinnamomum camphora foliage from local native trees was used in all forest gap experiments. We found the following:(1) Gap size had significant effects on the degradation rates (E) of condensed tannins and lignin and on the contributions of soil fauna;medium-sized gaps also presented high degradation rates. Soil fauna obviously contributed to the degradation of recalcitrant foliar litter components in medium-sized gaps.(2) The highest contribution to degradation (40.98%) was recorded for lignin, and the lowest contribution (0.29%) was recorded for condensed tannins. The results indicate that medium-sized gaps (900 m^2) were conducive to the degradation of recalcitrant litter components by soil fauna.

关键词： Cinnamomum camphora Foliar litter Gap size Pinus massoniana recalcitrant litter components Soil fauna

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Calophyllum inophyllum: recalcitrant or intermediate seed?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第1期23卷 103-107页

作者： Subhash Hathurusingha Nanjappa Ashwath Centre for Plant and Water Science CQ University Rockhampton 4702 Australia

We studied seed storage behaviour of a multipurpose tree Calophyllum inophyllum （Clusiaseae）. Seeds were collected at Roslyn bay （2307′60＂ S, 150°43′60＂ E） Central Queensland. Seed drying and desieeation tolerance tests were carried out according to International Seed Testing Association （ISTA） rules. We found C. inophyllum seeds to be recalcitrant and vulnerable to chilling injury, hence, unsuited for cold storage. C. inophyllum seeds maintained their viability for an appreciable period （〉 8 months） if stored in wanner environments.

关键词： Calophyllum inophyllum germination moisture content recalcitrant storage longevity seed storage behaviour

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Management of the recalcitrant upper lip

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2018年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Al Haitham Al Shetawi Rui Fernandes Division of Head&Neck Surgery Department of Oral&Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity of Florida HealthJacksonvilleFL32209USA Maxillofacial Head&Neck SurgeryDivision of Surgical OncologyVassar Brothers Medical CenterDyson Center for Cancer CarePoughkeepsieNY12601USA

The aim of this study was to present our experience in the management of the recalcitrant upper lip and describe the surgical technique. We took a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent reconstruction of the recalcitrant upper lip after maxillectomy and radiation therapy. Three female patients were identified. All patients had a history of malignant maxillary tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 1), verrucous carcinoma (n = 1), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1). Tumor extirpation was carried out through total maxillectomy (n = 2), and bilateral subtotal maxillectomy (n = 1). Primary reconstruction was accomplished with scapula free flap (n = 1), fibula free flap (n = 1), and nonvascularized iliac crest bone graft (n = 1). Two patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. All patients developed recalcitrant upper lip. All patients had secondary reconstruction to correct of the recalcitrant upper lip using radial forearm free flap. All patients had successful dental rehabilitation. The mean follow-up was 5 years (range 3-7 years). Subjective functional and aesthetic outcome was assessed in all patients at the last follow up visit. All patients reported subjective improvement in speech, mastication and aesthetics. Free tissue transfer provides an ideal method to reconstruct the recalcitrant upper lip. Favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes can be successfully achieved using the technique described in this series.

关键词： recalcitrant upper lip upper lip reconstruction maxillectomy radiation therapy

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Managing recalcitrant Warts: Facts about Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii (Mw Vaccine), and Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) as Immunotherapy

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2018年第4期8卷 218-235页

作者： Nabeel K. Al Hamzawi Mais H. Abdallah Department of Dermatology Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital Diwaniyah Iraq

recalcitrant warts can accurately be defined as warts that persist after six months of conventional therapy. Up to one-third of non-genital warts, especially periungual and plantar warts, become recalcitrant. Traditional treatment options for warts include topical salicylic acid, cryotherapy, and electrocautery;however, patients with recalcitrant warts remain a major therapeutic challenge. There is evidence that immunotherapy can clear recalcitrant warts if traditional treatment fails. Given this, clinical studies published in PubMed and Google Scholar that used Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii (Mw vaccine), and purified protein derivative (PPD) as immunotherapy for wart, were reviewed in this study. Neither of these treatments has been subjected to a randomized controlled trial, thus to date, there are no standardized protocols to use them. Our review highlights the scientific facts in the clinical applications of the previous options to treat recalcitrant warts and investigate the differences among them, concerning efficacy, adverse effects, dosage, and route of administration.

关键词： recalcitrant Warts BCG Vaccine Mycobacterium W Vaccine PPD (Purified Protein Derivative)

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Huge recalcitrant Warts Treated with Pulse Dye Laser after Conventional Therapies and Others Destructive Physical Modalities Failed

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2011年第3期1卷 47-49页

作者： Nuno Menezes Paulo Varela Rita Guedes Inês Leite Armando Baptista 不详

Cutaneous infections with the human papilloma virus, despite being almost always asymptomatic, can induce slow-growing lesions knowed as warts that can remain subclinical for long periods of time. There are several therapeutical options namely keratolytics, retinoids, imiquimod, cryotherapy, electrosurgery, lasers and classic surgery, but none has antiviral effects. We describe the case of a patient with large warts located on the dorsal surface of the right hand, treated with cryotherapy, CO2 laser and topical imiquimod having either no clinical response or quick relapse. Treatment with PDL was started and after 13 sessions, the patient was without lesions, with a good cosmetic result and so far without relapse. This case report is relevant to us and deserves to be published because of the size of the lesions and the great response to PDL despite all the failures with the other treatments.

关键词： Pulse Dye laser recalcitrant Warts

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Factors limiting the recruitment of Quercus schottkyana,a dominant evergreen oak in SW China

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Plant Diversity 2018年第6期40卷 277-283页

作者： Ke Xia Roy Turkington Hong-yu Tan Lei Fan Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Botany Department and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T IZ4Canada Department of Statistics Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA

Quercus schottkyana is a dominant species of oak in the Asian evergreen broad-leaved forests in southwestern China but seedlings are uncommon and recruitment is rare. Annual acorn production by Q. schottkyana is variable and the acorns are exposed to a series of mortality risks. Understanding the factors that limit recruitment of the oak requires knowledge of the oak's life cycle from acorn production to germination and seedling establishment. In this study, we first tested the effects of acorn density on establishment of seedlings by placing batches of acorns at different densities throughout the study ***, we tested the effects of herbivores on seedling survival by erecting fences around both natural and transplanted seedling populations. Our results show that even though the rate of seedling establishment increases as acorn density increases(for 32-8000 acorns?m^(-2)), survival rates of seedlings in the field were generally low(0-0.6%). We show that seedling recruitment of Q. schottkyana is mainly limited to the acorn stage where 88% of the acorns died from the combined effects of desiccation and predation by weevils(Curculio) and bark beetles(Coccotrypes sp.). Herbivory results in the death of some seedlings and consequently also affects the recruitment of seedlings of Q. schottkyana.

关键词： Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides Desiccation Predation recalcitrant seeds Seedling Yunnan

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STUDIES ON DESICCATION-SENSITIVITY AND PEROXIDATION OF MEMBRANE LIPIDS IN LYCHEE(Litchi chinensis Sonn. ) SEEDS

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1992年第17期37卷 1470-1473页

作者：宋松泉傅家瑞 Department of Biology Zhongshan University Guangzhou 510275 PRC

Roberts has divided seeds into orthodox seeds and recalcitrant seeds according to their storage behaviours. The former can tolerate desiccation and freezing temperatures, whereas the latter are susceptible to the two ... 详细信息

关键词： recalcitrant seeds desiccation-sensitivity SOD membrane-lipid peroxidation lychee seeds.

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Seed storage behavior of Knema attenuata, an endemic species of Western Ghats, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 611-614页

作者： Vinayachandra K. R. Chandrashekar Department Applied Botany Mangalore University Mangalagangothri-574199 Mangalore Karnataka India

We performed desiccation and storage trials to better understand storage behavior of Knema attenuata seeds. Mature seeds with moisture content （MC） of 31% exhibited 73% germination. During the period of desiccation （open lab condition） seeds with MC 23% showed 40% germination. After further drying to MC 21% germination was reduced to 16%. Complete loss in viability resulted when seed moisture was reduced to 18%. The seeds stored at -10℃, 0℃, 10℃ and 28±2℃ （open lab condition） lost their viability within 10 days. Seeds stored in sealed polythene hags and moist sand retained viability for more days than did seeds stored under all other storage conditions. Sensitivity of seeds to lower temperature and desiccation suggest that the storage behavior of K. attenuata seeds is recalcitrant. Seeds stored in moist conditions can, at best, be stored for a period of two months.

关键词： desiccation germination Knema attenuata recalcitrant storage viability

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Calcaneal osteochondroma masquerading as plantar fasciitis: An approach to plantar heel pain-A case report and literature review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2019年第9期10卷 339-347页

作者： Don Koh Yvonne Goh Nicholas Yeo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169856Singapore NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine NUHS Tower BlockSingapore 119228Singapore

BACKGROUND Heel pain is a common orthopaedic complaint,and if left untreated can be a source of chronic *** diagnosis can be challenging,owing to the complex anatomy and multiple pain generators present in the *** aim to share our clinical experience managing an unusual case of chronic heel pain secondary to *** SUMMARY A 41-year-old obese male who works as a porter presented with a long-standing history of left plantar heel *** was assessed to have point tenderness over the plantar insertion of the calcaneus as well as a positive Silfverski?ld *** was treated for plantar fasciitis and tight gastrocnemius but failed conservative therapies as well as surgical *** resonance imaging revealed the presence of a pedunculated bony protrusion over the plantar aspect of the *** decision was made for excision of the osteochondroma,and the patient has been pain-free *** Osteochondromas are rarely symptomatic in skeletally mature *** most are benign with a very low risk of malignant transformation,surgical excision can yield excellent results and significant pain relief in symptomatic patients.

关键词： Chronic heel pain recalcitrant heel pain Osteochondroma Diagnostic challenge Case report

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Troubleshooting and Optimization of High-Strength Inhibitory Chemical Wastewater Treatment Process

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2005年第6期13卷 800-808页

作者：严月根 Calvert C.Churn 何光辉郑巧庚 Philip C.Y.Wong Nanjing SembCorp SUIWU Co Ltd Nanjing Chemical Industry Park Nanjing 210047China Eastman Chemical Co. KingsportTNUSA SembCorp Utilities Pte Ltd 60 Admiralty Road West #02-01Singapore 759947

Wastewaters from the chemical industry are usually of high-strength and may contain minor inhibitory and recalcitrant organics that are at times not readily identifiable. This paper describes the experience of a biological waste water treatment plant （WWTP） processing a COD concentration of 43000 mg·L^-1 wastewater from an oxochemical manufacturing plant. Stage improvements of the plant process by dilution of the inhibitory influent using other chemical wastewater streams resulting in a synergistic process effect, and removal of inhibitory organics by phase separation via acidification, effectively achieved process optimization producing a high quality effluent. In particular, the COD removal efficiency of granular sludge based anaerobic reactors increased from 56% to 90%. The final effluent COD decreased from 250mg·L^-1 to 50mg·L^-1, consistently meeting the COD concentration of 100 mg·L^-1 regulatory discharge limit. The success of the process enhancements supports the hypothesis that long-chain quaternary carboxylic acids act as substrate inhibitors in the biological process.

关键词： operational experience waste water treatment plant (WVCTP) granular sludge chemical wastewater inhibitory recalcitrant long-chain quaternary carboxylic acids

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