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Proper Particle Size Range for Resistance to Chemical Oxidation: A Perspective on the recalcitrance of Beanpod Biochar for Soil Carbon Sequestration

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第11期18卷 2098-2105页

作者： Jianhua GUO Dongyun ZHANG Department of Water and Electricity Hebei University of Engineering Department of Economy and Management Handan College

The effect of particle size on the recalcitrance of biochar against oxidation has been regarded as one of the most important factors influencing its stability and transportation in soils. Little is known about the peculiar stability of different particle sizes under chemical oxidation conditions. In this study, several sizes of biochar particles derived from beanpod were produced,and their stabilities were tested by using acid dichromate and hydrogen peroxide. We discovered that the 60-100 mesh size of particles produced at 400 and 500 ℃ showed the least carbon loss under the oxidation of both dichromate and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, this particle size also shows great stability at 600 and 700 ℃, but this stability was not observed below 300 °C for all temperature-dependent biochars. Medium-sized particles composed of exclusively heterogeneous components produced a biochar at temperatures over 400 ℃ with comparatively stronger chemical anti-oxidation characteristics. The chemical recalcitrance of biochar should be reevaluated based on particle size before soil application.

关键词： Particle size range Biochar Soil carbon sequestration Chemicai oxidation recalcitrance

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The Response Difference of Mitochondria in Recalcitrant Antiaris toxicaria Axes and Orthodox Zea mays Embryos to Dehydration Injury

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第7期51卷 646-653页

作者： Song-Quan Song Mei-Hua Tian Jing Kan Hong-Yan Cheng Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla 666303 China

Long-term preservation of recalcitrant seeds is very difficult because the physiological basis on their desiccation sensitivity is poorly understood. Survival of Antiaris toxicaria axes rapidly decreased and that of immature maize embryos very slowly decreased with dehydration. To understand their different responses to dehydration, we examined the changes in mitochondria activity during dehydration. Although activities of cytochrome （Cyt） c oxidase and malate dehydrogenase of the A. toxicaria axis and maize embryo mitochondria decreased with dehydration, the parameters of maize embryo mitochondria were much higher than those of A. toxicaria, showing that the damage was more severe for the A. toxicaria axis mitochondria than for those of maize embryo. The state I and III respiration of the A. toxicaria axis mitochondria were higher than those of maize embryo, the former rapidly decreased, and the latter slowly decreased with dehydration. The proportion of Cyt c pathway to state III respiration for the A. toxicaria axis mitochondria was low and rapidly decreased with dehydration, and the proportion of alternative oxidase pathway was high and slightly increased with dehydration. In contrast, the proportion of Cyt c pathway for maize embryo mitochondria was high, and that of alternative oxidase pathway was low. Both pathways decreased slowly with dehydration.

关键词： alternative oxidase pathway cytochrome c oxidase pathway dehydration mitochondria orthodox recalcitrance respiration rate seed.

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A comparison of decomposition dynamics among green tree leaves,partially decomposed tree leaf litter and their mixture in a warm temperate forest ecosystem

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1037-1045页

作者： Juan Wang Yeming You Zuoxin Tang Xiaolu Sun Osbert Jianxin Sun College of Forest Science Beijing Forestry University School of Biological Science and Technology Baotou Teachers’ College College of Forestry Guangxi University

Decomposition dynamics were compared among green tree leaves, partially decomposed tree leaf litter （i.e., decayed tree leaf litter on forest floor） and a mixture of the two in a warm temperate forest ecosystem in central China to test the influence of litter chemical quality on the degree of decomposition. The study was conducted in situ at two contrasting forest sites, an oak forest dominated by Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata Maxim., and a mixed pine and oak forest dominated by Pinus armandii Franch. and Q. aliena var. acuteserrata. We found marked differences in the rate of decomposition among litter types at both forest sites; the litter decom- position constant, k, was about 39 % greater at the oak forest site and more than 70 % greater at the pine-oak forest site, for green leaves than for partially decomposed leaf litter. The decomposition dynamics and temporal changes in litter chemistry of the three litter types also greatly differed between the two forest sites. At both forest sites, the higher rate of decomposition for the green leaves was associated with a and lower carbon to N ratio higher nitrogen （N） content （C/N） and acid-unhydrolyz- able residue to N ratio （AUR/N）. We did not find any non- additive effects when mixing green leaves and partially decomposed leaf litter. Our findings support the con- tention that litter chemical quality is one of the most important determinants of litter decomposition in forest ecosystems at the local or regional scale, but the effect of litter chemical quality on decomposition differs between the contrasting forest types and may vary with the stage of decomposition.

关键词： Carbon cycling Litter chemistry Litterdecay Litter quality recalcitrance

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