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reassessment of the Resources of a Deep Aquifer System under Physical and Chemical Constraints:The Maastrichtian Aquifer

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第4期4卷 217-223页

作者： Cheikh Hamidou Kane Moustapha Diene Meissa Fall Baba Sarr Alassane Thiam Département de Géologie FST-UCAD Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal ISRA Bambey Senegal Laboratoire de Géologie IFAN Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de Mécanique et Modélisation-UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur University of Thiès Thiès Senegal

The deep and confined Maastrichtian aquifer contains considerable groundwater resources. It stretches over nearly 200,000 km2, from the northern part of Mauritania to the South of Guinea Bissau where it becomes shallow. The reservoir is composed mainly of coarse sands and sandstone interbedded with some clay units. The aquifer provides 40% of the total drinking water extracted from the different aquifers and nearly 800 wells equally distributed operate only in the top 50 m of the aquifer. Despite the importance of these resources for providing water in the rural and urban areas, the aquifer characteristics are not well defined. The present paper aims to define first the physical and chemical characteristics of the Maastrichtian aquifer. The reserve of the aquifer initially estimated at 350 billion m3, is reassessed using new data providing from cross sections realized as part of our research, through the Water Sectorial Project of the Ministry of Hydraulics. Data from oil wells and geophysical logging are used to investigate the geometry of the aquifer and the position of the fresh/salty water interface. The highest thickness of the aquifer is between 200 to 400 m and salty water is present below the fresh groundwater in the west side of the aquifer. In the Eastern side, potable water lies directly above the basement. The thickness of the aquifer increases from the west to the center, and then decreases towards the shallow basement rock in the South East. The average thickness is 250 m. Chemical data coming from pumping wells indicate high chloride (250 - 1600 mg/l) and fluoride content (1 - 5.5 mg/l). Therefore, the reassessment has to take into account the chemical aspect of the water.

关键词： Maastrichtian Groundwater Deep Aquifer Senegalese-Mauritanian Sedimentary Basin Characteristic Pollution reassessment

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A reassessment of Diplomatic Interactions and Islamic Laws of Nations in The International System

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2022年第1期16卷 17-26页

作者： Mukhtar Imam Department of International Relations and Diplomacy Baze UniversityAbujaNigeria

The discourse on the evolution of the principles of international laws and laws amongst nations have always taken a Eurocentric *** common argument and perspectives is that contemporary international law evolved from the Christendom to the Spanish School and Grotius,while downplaying the influence of the Islamic law of nations in shaping issues of acculturation,accommodation,rules of engagement in war relating to international *** paper tends to x-ray and investigate the impact of the Islamic law of nations,from the the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah to the Siyar of Muhammad ibn *** tries to highlight the relevance of the Muslim East and its concrete contributions to Laws and treaties of the Middle Ages to recent times and also argues,using existing literature,that the European Christian society only adopted what already existed in the Muslim,Islamic laws and tried to Christianise them *** paper finds that further investigation and interrogation will reveal much more of the influence of the Islamic laws on contemporary laws of relations amongst nations and beyond.

关键词： reassessment diplomatic interactions islamic laws of nations international system

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Development and Planning of Small Towns in China:Speculation, reassessment, and Prospect

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China City Planning Review 1997年第2期14卷 24-30页

作者： George Chusheng Lin (Assistant Professor. Department of Geography and Geology. University of Hong Kong.)

Small town development has been one of the most remarkable features of urbanization in China: This paper systematically examines different definitions of small towns and critically assesses various interpretations of the functions performed by Chinese towns in national development. Prior to the- 1980s, small towns were enthusiastically portrayed as storage reservoirs that can dam the flux of the surplus rural labor force into large cities. Existing problems associated with the growth and planning of small towns have resulted in a sober reassessment of the role played by the towns. Despite the partial retreat of enthusiasm about the town-based urbanization strategy, small towns continue to flourish spontaneously in the grassroots level of the Chinese countryside. A new pattern of ’urbanizationfrom below’, motivated primarily by the growth of township and village enterprises and centeredaround small towns, is quickly taking shape in the country patticularly in the coastal extended metropolitan regions.

关键词： Asia and Prospect reassessment Development and Planning of Small Towns in China

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Analysis of Ornidazole Injection in Clinical Use at Post-marketing Stage by Centralized Hospital Monitoring System

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Current Medical Science 2019年第5期39卷 836-842页

作者： Ying ZHAO Zhe CHEN Pu HUANG Si-wei ZHENG Qi-ling XU Chen SHI Department of Pharmacy Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Assumption College Worcester Mass 01609USA

This study aims to analyze the clinical use of ornidazole injection at the post-marketing stage by centralized hospital monitoring system method,and investigate its widespread use in patients,in order to regulate and guide the rational drug use,improve the drug specificity and provide a basis for drug *** study adopts a prospective,multi-center,large sample size,centralized hospital monitoring *** selected five leading hospitals in Hubei province,and observed the inpatients who received the ornidazole injection from July 1,2015 to October 31,*** basic information of patients was recorded,as well as the drug use and adverse *** statistical analysis was performed based on these data.A total of 4396 individuals were enrolled in this study,most of them were middle-aged female patients and the ornidazole injection was mainly used as prophylactic prior to surgery to prevent the infections,and surgical treatment of anaerobic infections,abdominal infections and pelvic *** irrational drug use existed mainly in the prescribing and administration process,including unreasonable dosing frequency,rapid intravenous drip speed and extended duration of drug *** cases of adverse reactions were collected during the monitoring,incidence rate of adverse reactions was 2.5‰;adverse drug reactions occurred within 30 *** study results fully reflected the usage of ornidazole injection in the real *** on the study,we calculated the adverse reaction incidence of ornidazole and identified the risk factors which may affect the safety of ornidazole *** results strongly recommend that the manufacturers should publish standards for inpatient use and doctors should prescribe with caution accordingly.

关键词： ornidazole injection centralized hospital monitoring system post-marketing reassessment clinical use adverse reaction

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Outcome of Patients with Lower Limbs Deep Vein Thrombosis at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (The Republic of the Congo)

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第12期13卷 845-853页

作者： Stéphane Méo Ikama Eric Gibrel Kimbally Kaky Jospin Makani Fresnel Ngoma Mabondzo Thibaut Naïbe Gankama Bijou Moualengue Suzy Gisèle Kimbally Kaky Department of Cardiologye University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien NGOUABI University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Radiology University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the pelvic limbs at the time of diagnosis, and their course after hospitalization, in order to improve the management of DVT in our context. This was a descriptive longitudinal study, based on cases of deep vein thrombosis recorded between 1 January 2015 and 30 September 2018, in the cardiology and internal medicine department of the Brazzaville University Hospital Centre. During the study period, 4678 patients were hospitalized, including 52 with DVT. Thirty-three were reassessed. The frequency of DVT was 1.1% and the average hospitalization rate was 13.9 cases/year. The 33 patients were divided into 20 women and 13 men (sex ratio: 0.65). The mean age of the patients was 51.4 ± 17.8 years (extremes: 16 and 85 years). The main aetiological factors were cancer (19.1%), sickle cell disease (3%) and HIV immunosuppression (3%). The predominant risk factors were: prolonged immobilization (42.9%), pregnancy, long travel and obesity in the same number of cases (n = 3, i.e. 14.2%). The DVT involved the left pelvic limb in 75.8% of cases. Anticoagulants were administered in all patients, and compression stockings were worn in 97% of cases. The mean time to re-evaluation was 10.9 ± 9.4 months (extremes: three and 35 months). The mean measurements of the limb where the thrombosis had occurred at diagnosis and reassessment showed a significant difference. Venous Doppler showed compressible veins (60.6%), varicosities (36.3%), incompressible veins (30.3%) and thrombus (21.2%). Complications were: post-phlebitic disease (42.4%), death (21.2%), pulmonary embolism (18.2%), recurrence (18.2%). The DVT remains relatively rare, and its conventional therapeutic management is satisfactory. Systematic venous Doppler ultrasound reassessment should enable patients at risk of recurrence to be identified.

关键词： Deep Vein Thrombosis reassessment Complications Congo

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测量抑或规训：对政治评估指数的评估

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政治学 2023年第4期

作者：张萌萌杨雪冬

构建评估指数将复杂多样的治理问题具象化、数量化和可视化，已成为一种适用于各领域的重要治理手段。20世纪90年代以来，随着冷战结束和全球化的发展，社会生活各领域均出现了评估指数构建和使用的新浪潮，政治领域也不例外，西方国家... 详细信息

构建评估指数将复杂多样的治理问题具象化、数量化和可视化，已成为一种适用于各领域的重要治理手段。20世纪90年代以来，随着冷战结束和全球化的发展，社会生活各领域均出现了评估指数构建和使用的新浪潮，政治领域也不例外，西方国家和国际组织开发出了多种评估各国政治发展的指标体系，其中部分指标体系产生了广泛影响，也引起了较大的争议，大量发展中国家虽不满于这些指标对自身的评价，但也无力改变评价所带来的舆论和认知后果。政治发展评估指数经过三个阶段的持续发展，产生了数个具有较大影响的评估体系，其构建主体、理论框架、评估方法以及影响力都亟须进行系统性分析，以便对其贡献与缺陷进行讨论，并探索政治发展评估指数的未来发展方向。

关键词：政治发展政治评估评估指数指数比较再评估 Political Development Political Evaluation Indicator Assessment Indicator Comparison reassessment

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