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Does driving-day-based tradable credit scheme outperform license plate rationing? Examination considering transaction cost

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2019年第3期27卷 198-210页

作者： Zhen Lian Xiaobo Liu Wenbo Fan School of Transportation and Logistic Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Integrated Transportation Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation West Park High-Tech District Chengdu 611756 China

This article models a novel driving-day-based tradable credit scheme (DD-TCS) to alleviate urban traffic congestion. In this model, car-using allowances (in terms of the number of days in a month, termed as "credit") are freely and uniformly allocated to all travellers, who are also allowed to trade them in a market according to his/her travel needs (e.g. driving more or fewer days than the free endowment). As opposed to most studies on TCS, this paper explicitly considers the transaction cost (e.g. infor-mation cost of finding potential traders) in the trading market. To assess the feasibility of DD-TCS, we compare it against the license plate rationing (LPR) scheme, which has been practically implemented in many cities such as Beijing and Chengdu in China. Taking the performance of LPR as a benchmark, we quantify the threshold values of the transaction cost in DD-TCS when the two schemes yield equivalent performance (in terms of the total gener-alized cost). In numerical studies, we also compare the DD-TCS and LPR with the no-action case and the congestion pricing case (representing the theoretical optimum). Results show that both DD-TCS and LPR outperform the no-action case under certain conditions. With small trans-action cost, DD-TCS may achieve a lower system cost that can be very close to the ideal optimum. In addition, parameter analysis shows that DD-TCS performs better than LPR in a wide range of transaction cost, where the threshold values appear to account for a considerable portion of the auto travel time. This implies that DD-TCS will be more appealing than LPR in practice because a transaction cost lower than the extremely large threshold values can be easily achieved for the trading market, e.g. via a mobile platform and modern communication techniques.

关键词： Driving-day-based tradable credit scheme License plate rationing Transaction cost Heterogeneous demand

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The Analysis of Credit Using and rationing under Farmer 's Risk Attitudes Difference

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Asian Agricultural Research 2015年第4期7卷 24-32页

作者： Xinjun PANG Yunwu KUANG Xiaohong GONG Department of Business and Trade Southwest University Rongchang Campus

This paper conducts a survey of 237 rural households in Zhangjiagang City,identifies farmers' risk attitude through ELCE method and problem design and empirically studies the relationship between risk attitudes and credit rationing by utilizing Probit and Logit model. The results show that farmers' risk attitude and credit rationing are in a significant positive correlation. The stronger farmers' risk aversion is,the more serious the demanded credit rationing becomes. Such risk attitude determines the risk cost and risk premium,thus affecting the credit behavior and credit rationing degree. In addition,distance between farmers' residence far the city and their land amount have a positive significant influence on credit rationing,while farmers' education level,income,family labor force have a negative significant effect on credit rationing. Based on these findings,the paper further analyzes the relationship between farmers' credit using and credit rationing as to farmers with different risk attitudes. Measures to relieve the farmer's credit rationing must be taken from government,financial institutions and farmers,respectively.

关键词： Risk attitude Credit rationing Risk cost Credit us

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Technical efficiency of hybrid maize growers: A stochastic frontier model approach

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2408-2421页

作者： Imad Ali HUO Xue-xi Imran Khan Hashmat Ali Khan Baz Sufyan Ullah Khan College of Economics and Management Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China School of Economics Dongbei University of Finance and EconomicsDalian 116025P.R.China School of Economics and Management China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074P.R. China

This study investigated the effect of credit constraints and credit unconstraints on the technical efficiency of hybrid maize growers in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province(KPK) of Pakistan. The primary data were collected by a direct elicitation method from 510 maize growers of KPK Province. Stochastic frontier model techniques were used for technical efficiency analyses. The results revealed that the mean technical efficiency difference between the two groups was 10.2%. The results of technical inefficiency effect modeling demonstrated that education of the household head, family size, number of married family members, off-farm income, farming experience, tractor drill, water irrigation through a lined course, certified seed, extension services, household saving variables, and a credit size variable had positive effects on technical efficiency for both credit constrained farmers(CCFs) and credit unconstrained farmers(UCCFs). In addition, age of household head and fragmented land values had negative effects on technical efficiency for both groups. However, the interest rate had positive and negative impacts on the technical efficiency of CCFs and UCCFs, respectively. Our results have significant implications for policies related to land use, interest rate, and banking sector expansion in the rural areas of Pakistan.

关键词： stochastic frontier analysis maize growers technical efficiency credit rationing and credit markets in Pakistan

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Does the Minimum Wage Cause Inefficient rationing?

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科技信息 2008年第19期 526-526页

作者：何满辉梁明秋辽宁工程技术大学辽宁葫芦岛125105 辽宁工程技术大学

By not allowing wages to clear the labor market,the minimum wage could cause workers with low reservation wages to be rationed out while equally skilled workers with higher reservation wages are employed.I find that proxies for reservation wages of unskilled workers in high-impact states did not rise relative to reservation wages in other states,suggesting that the increase in the minimum wage did not cause jobs to be allocated less efficiently.However,even if rationing is efficient,the minimum wage can still entail other efficiency costs.

关键词： rationing minimum wage job allocation

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Design and implementation of a survey of senior Canadian healthcare decision-makers: Organization-wide resource allocation processes

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Health 2012年第11期4卷 1007-1014页

作者： Neale Smith Craig Mitton Alan Davidson Jennifer Gibson Stuart Peacock Stirling Bryan Cam Donaldson aculty of Health and Social Development University of British Columbia Okanagan Kelowna Canada Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC) Vancouver Canada Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute Vancouver Canada epartment of Health Policy Management & Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto Canada Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow UK School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

A three-year research project based in British Columbia, Canada, is attempting to develop a framework and tools to assist healthcare system decision-makers achieve “high performance” in resource allocation. In pursuit of this objective, a literature search was conducted and two phases of primary data collection are being undertaken: an online survey of senior healthcare decision-makers, and in-depth case studies of potential “high performing” organizations. This paper addresses the survey phase;our aim is to provide a practical example of the mechanics of survey design, of benefit to those who want to better understand our forthcoming results, but also as an aid to other researchers grappling with the hard choices and trade-offs involved in the survey development process. Survey content is described in light of the existing literature, with discussion of the choices made by the research team to decide what questions and items would be included and excluded. The target population for the survey was senior managers in Canadian regional health authorities (or the closest equivalent organizations) in each of the 10 provinces and 3 territories. The paper dis- cusses how this sample was obtained, and describes the survey implementation process.

关键词： Health Policy Resource Allocation rationing Canada

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