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Variation in spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw of plants grown in Se-amended soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第7期19卷 1876-1884页

作者： JIA Wei ZHAO Xiao-hu ZHAO Yuan-yuan XU Jia-yang MING Jia-jia CAI Miao-miao HU Cheng-xiao College of Resources and Environment/Research Center of Trace Elements Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070P.R.China Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-type Ferilizer Wuhan 430070P.R.China

straw return is an effective management practice. It not only utilizes agricultural waste but also introduces dissolved organic matter(DOM) into the soil. Selenium(Se) is an essential trace element in the human diet and contributes to the popularity of Se-enriched agricultural products in the Chinese market. Moreover, there are still some Se-enriched agricultural products that have yet to be utilized. This study investigated whether Se addition in soil caused component changes in the DOM extracted from rape straw. DOM extracted from rape straw grown in soil with four Se levels(0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se kg-1 soil) was characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The UVvisible spectra revealed that 0.1 mg Se kg-1 soil reduced the molecular weight of DOM and caused the presence of more irreplaceable aromatic structures in the substituent groups of the DOM, while 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se kg-1 soil only reduced the DOM molecular weight. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that Se improved the humification degree but reduced the aromaticity of DOM. FTIR spectra proved that Se altered the contents of carboxylic acids, amino acids, alcohols and aromatic heterocycles in DOM, which were maximized in the 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se kg-1 treatment groups. We concluded that Se application could change the composition of DOM extracted from rape straw, potentially impacting the nutrient bioavailability in soil. This study provides basic data on Se-enriched rape straw utilization for eco-agriculture.

关键词： composition dissolved organic matter rape straw selenium spectroscopy

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Effects of rape straw and red mud on extractability and bioavailability of cadmium in a calcareous soil

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 419-428页

作者： Junxing YANG Liqun WANG Jumei LI Dongpu WEI Shibao CHEN Qingjun GUO Yibing MA Centre for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network Institute of Agrieulttnal Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GIS College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China

Screening of cost-effective soil amendments is important to develop ＂in situ＂ remediation techniques for cadmium （Cd） contaminated soils. In this study, different soil amendments, including red mud, a by-product of the alumina industry, and acid-treated, nano-treated by nanoparticle milling, nano and acid-treated red muds, zeolite, corn straw, and rape straw, were evaluated to immobilize Cd in two added levels （2 and 5 mg Cd·kg^-1 soil） in a calcareous soil by single and sequential extractions and by cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） pot experiments. Results indicated that cruciferous rape straw significantly decreased the concentrations of water soluble, extractable Cd in soils, and Cd in cucumber plants, and it was more effective than gramineous corn straw. Also, red mud generally decreased the extractability and bioavailability of Cd added to calcareous soils more effectively than zeolite. Furthermore, the efficiency of red mud could be increased by the treatment of nano-particle milling due to the increase in specific surface area of red mud. It is potential to use rape straw and red mud as soil amendments to develop a cost-effective and efficient ＂in situ＂ rernediation technology for Cd mildly contaminated calcareous soils.

关键词： red mud rape straw cadmium immobilization calcareous soil

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Differential Catalysis of Depolymerisation and Dehydration Reactions: Producing Furfural from Plant Biomass

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第6期8卷 661-674页

作者： Nikolajs Vedernikovs Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry RigaLV-1006Latvia

The main principles of the technological realisation of the furfural obtaining process have been formulated by Ricard[1].Based on his recommendations,all investigators proceeded from the assumption that the depolymerisation of pentosans and the dehydration of pentoses in the one-step production of furfural from raw plant material must be accelerated with diluted catalyst *** to this theory,uniform impregnation of the raw material with a catalyst solution is considered *** reduction in the amount of the catalyst solution down to 30–40%of the mass of the dry raw material,suggested by Miner et al.[2],made the process of furfural production profitable and it prompted industrial *** technology is being successfully using also now at more than 140 furfural plants in China,where the furfural yield is only 45%of the theoretical yield and 50%of the cellulose in the lignocellulosic residue is destroyed during the process of obtaining ***,the residue of the raw material after furfural production may only be used as fuel or fertiliser.A simultaneous solution to these two problems has not been possible without changing the chemical mechanism of the depolymerisation and dehydration reactions during the furfural formation *** birch wood as a raw material,we simultaneously addressed these two problems using the following two catalysts:acetic acid for the depolymerisation of pentosans and concentrated sulfuric acid for the dehydration of pentoses,producing *** a result,the furfural yield increased and the new furfural production technologies from hardwood and other raw plant materials were realised at 10 plants in 3 countries.A licence was sold,and contracts with companies in Slovenia,Hungary and Russia were successfully performed.

关键词： Birch wood rape straw pentosans pre-treatment differential catalysis furfural bioethanol

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