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rainwater harvesting to alleviate water scarcity in dry conditions:A case study in Faria Catchment,Palestine

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Water Science and Engineering 2010年第2期3卷 132-143页

作者： Sameer SHADEED Jens LANGE Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringAn-Najah National University Institute of Hydrology University of Freiburg

In arid and semi-arid regions, the availability of adequate water of appropriate quality has become a limiting factor for development. This paper aims to evaluate the potential for rainwater harvesting in the arid to semi-arid Faria Catchment, in the West Bank, Palestine. Under current conditions, the supply-demand gap is increasing due to the increasing water demands of a growing population with hydrologically limited and uncertain supplies. By 2015, the gap is estimated to reach 4.5 x 106 m3. This study used the process-oriented and physically-based TRAIN-ZIN model to evaluate two different rainwater harvesting techniques during two rainfall events. The analysis shows that there is a theoretical potential for harvesting an additional 4 x 106 m3 of surface water over the entire catchment. Thus, it is essential to manage the potential available surface water supplies in the catchment to save water for dry periods when the supply-demand gap is comparatively high. Then a valuable contribution to bridging the supply-demand gap can be made.

关键词： rainwater harvesting surface water management options water resources Faria Catchment arid and semi-arid catchments TRAIN-ZIN model

rainwater harvesting,its prospects and challenges in the uplands of Talugtog,Nueva Ecija,Philippines

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第3期1卷 56-67页

作者： Samuel M.Contreras Teresita S.Sandoval Silvino Q.Tejada Bureau of Soils of Soils and Water Management the Philippines Bureau of Soils and Water Management the Philippines

The prospects and challenges facing eight small water impounding projects(SWIPs)in Talugtog,Nueva Ecija,an upland municipality located in Central Luzon,Philippines were evaluated using rapid appraisal and documentation of projects,interview of farmers and local officials,and a review of related studies undertaken on the same project *** challenges include the deterioration of structural facilities,inactive farmers associations,watershed degradation,and climate *** also aims to evaluate improvement and innovation in the future implementation of SWIPs as rainwater harvesting *** site was selected because it has the largest number of SWIPs established as one of the coping strategies during the 1997-1998 severe El *** of its location,it has no major irrigation systems and relies only on local rainwater storage *** study involves 8 SWIPs established in two clusters(i.e.,5 and 3 SWIPs in a watershed)as rainwater conservation and management *** indicated these clusters of SWIPs offer multiple benefits in terms of supplemental irrigation,inland fish production,and water for domestic purposes and livestock *** also serve as strategic small-scale upland structures that enhance recharging of groundwater,prevent flooding,and provide value-adding activities such as recreation,soil and water conservation,and environmental *** studies also identified their benefits at the farm and community levels as conserved rainwater through storage in SWIPs is translated into more economic ***,some SWIPs are confronted with various challenges;deterioration of structural facilities,inactive farmer associations,unabated watershed degradation,and threats of climate *** are seriously affecting the overall performance of *** actions should include the strengthening of small water impounding system associations(SWISA),repair and climate-proofing of structural facilities through the(SWISA

关键词： rainwater harvesting Small water impounding project Upland Watershed SWISA

Efficiency and Economy of a New Agricultural rainwater harvesting System

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2010年第4期8卷 41-48页

作者： Ji Wenhua Cai Jianming Marinus van Veenhuizen Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China ETC-Urban Agriculture Leusden 3830 ABNetherland

Shortage of water is the key limiting factor for agricultural development of *** harvesting(RWH) could provide an alternative water source for greenhouse agriculture,but local natural and socioeconomic conditions challenge the application of the *** article analyses the advantages and disadvantages of different types of greenhouse RWH in Beijing,and describes a new greenhouse RWH system demonstrated in 2008 in Huairou,a suburb district of *** analyses the efficiency,cost-benefit ratios and limiting factors of the new *** results show that with the new system,RWH efficiency can be as high as 66%(of total rainfall) and the rainwater usage rate can reach 69% of total water *** ratio of benefit to cost of government investment can be 1.84,and the ratio of benefit to cost of a farmer's investment could be 1.68 provided the project is designed to save water and also increase ***,the price of groundwater for agriculture directly influences the potential for applying and scaling up the *** the RWH system does not increase the farmers' incomes at the current water price,they will not use it until the water price rises to a critical point,which is determined by external *** article also suggests a number of measures to increase the efficiency of the system in order to apply it on a large scale.

关键词： Beijing greenhouse agriculture rainwater harvesting cost-benefit

Study on New Catchment Surface Materials for rainwater harvesting and Utilization

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Study on New Catchment Surface Materials for Rainwater Harve...

Effects of deficit irrigation combined with rainwater harvesting planting system on the water use efficiency and maize(Zea mays L.) yield in a semiarid area

中国水利学会2016学术年会

作者： Tang Xiaojuan John Gould Gansu Research Institute for Water Conservancy

The rapid development of rainwater harvesting technology,has led to renewed interest in improving catchment surface performance,as the first link in the rainwater harvesting *** is focused on the development of new types of impermeable catchment materials which are low-cost,have high collection efficiency and yield pollution-free *** proposed modified concrete mixtures should be further studied and undergo rigorous field *** results of this study showed that:（1）Polypropylene fibers are ideal for concrete admixtures,as these can enhance the strength of catchments areas,improve the concrete performance,strength grade,and frost resistance;（2） to reduce costs of catchment surface construction,the ideal thickness is 3.0 cm,as this provides the required bearing strength and frost resistance as well as ensuring a high runoff coefficient;（3） the two best options for concrete Catchment Surface Area materials are,C15+polypropylene fibers and C20 *** concrete types compare favorably with conventional concrete catchments and their widespread application is recommended in the future.

关键词： rainwater harvesting Modified Concrete Mixtures Catchment Surface Area material

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Effects of deficit irrigation combined with rainwater harves...

Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts Assessment of Using Different rainwater harvesting Techniques in Sarida Catchment, West Bank, Palestine

中国农学会耕作制度分会2018年度学术年会

作者：张鹏蔡铁任小龙韩清芳贾志宽西北农林科技大学农学院

【研究目的】The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting planting system(RFRHP) where runoff is collected by plastic mulched ridges can improve the crop productivity in the semiarid areas of northwest China. 【方法】During 2012–2014, we performed a field evaluation of the influence of RFRHP with supplementary irrigation(RI) on the water irrigation use and water use efficiency by maize in a semiarid climate using the following treatments:(i) no supplementary irrigation(RN);(ii) irrigation during the trumpeting stage(RB);(iii) irrigation during the blooming stage(RF);(iv) irrigation during the trumpeting and blooming stages(RBF);and(v) traditional flat planting with border irrigation(CK). 【结果】We found that although the irrigation volume was double under CK, but the soil water content in the 0-120 cm soil layer did not differ significantly between the RFRHP with supplementary irrigation treatments and CK. The RFRHP with supplementary irrigation treatments reduced the irrigation water volume required(750–1125 m hm) and alleviated drought stress during key maize growth periods. The biomass, grain yield, and water use efficiency were significantly higher under RFRHP with supplementary irrigation, i.e., 6.0–8.7%, 15.4–25.8%, and 34.9–39.2% higher compared with CK, respectively, and 3.8–6.4%, 4.8–14.2%, and 9.2–12.7% higher compared with RFRHP with no supplementary irrigation. Under RFRHP with supplementary irrigation treatments, the irrigation water use efficiency was 1.5–3.9 times higher than that under CK. The irrigation water productivity levels under the RFRHP with supplementary irrigation treatments were ranked as follows: trumpeting stage > trumpeting and blooming stages > blooming stage. Compared with CK, RFRHP with supplementary irrigation significantly increased the out/input ratio and net income by 13.1%–26.9% and 2600–3762 Chinese Yuan hm-2, respectively. 【结论】Therefore, the ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting planting(RFRHP) with supplemental irrigation is an effective water

关键词： Maize rainwater harvesting Semiarid area Soil water Supplement irrigation Water use efficiency

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Journal of Geographical Research 2020年第2期3卷 1-5页

作者： Marwan Ghaleb Ghanem Wasim Ahmed Sameer Shadeed Michel Riksen Birzeit University Palestinian Ministry of Health RamallahPalestinian An-Najah National University NablusPalestinian Wageningen University&Research WageningenNetherlands

A statistically representative questionnaire targeted people using rainwater harvesting(RWH)techniques in rural communities of Sarida catchment,West Bank,Palestine was distributed and *** main objective of this study is to assess the social,economic,and environmental impacts of adopting RWH techniques(***,concrete and clay ponds,Wadi ponds,earth dams,and stone terraces)in different uses to increase water *** results showed a simple sharing of the female component among beneficiaries,while concrete ponds and cisterns were the most used ***,social impacts were noticeable by sharing the same RWH structure and reflected to responsibility skills and role exchange *** the other hand,RWH techniques showed a significant economic impact for end users represented by enhancing domestic,agricultural,and recreational activities leading to good profit *** addition to food security as output,the most important environmental impact was water wasting prevention,which in turn could be linked to sustainable water management and considered as universal challenge for future generations.

关键词： rainwater harvesting Social Economic Environment Food security Sarida West Bank Palestine

Improving water use efficiency by integrating fish culture and irrigation in coconut based farming system:A case study in Kasaragod District of Kerala(India)

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第2期7卷 36-44页

作者： Manoj P.Samuel A.C.Mathew National Academy of Agricultural Research Management Hyderabad-500030India Central Plantation Crops Research Institute KasaragodKerala-671124India

The crop production in the district of Kasaragod in Kerala State(India)is characterized by low input-low yield concept and rain-fed agriculture.A field study was conducted in Western Ghat region of the district to develop a suitable rainwater harvesting system adoptable to hilly terrains and to test its efficacy for improving the use efficiency of the harvested water by its multiple *** cost-benefit analysis of the water harvesting system was also carried out to find out its affordability to *** water harvesting system has been developed by integrating three components:(i)improving the productivity of coconut and component crops in the cropping units(ii)developing multiple water use systems,and(iii)the conjunctive use of the harvested water along with other surface and groundwater *** on the estimated annual costs and returns,the Benefit-Cost ratio was found to be 1.69 and all other financial viability criteria(IRR and NPV)were also found favourable for investment on a lined water harvesting tank integrated with a micro-irrigation system and fish *** study suggested that the rainwater harvesting could be implemented as a viable alternative to conventional water supply or on-farm irrigation projects considering the fact that any land anywhere can be used to harvest ***,the water use efficiency can be improved through effective harvesting and subsequent multiple uses of stored water.

关键词： rainwater harvesting water use efficiency plastic lined tank seepage loss fish culture financial viability

Making rainfed agriculture sustainable through environmental friendly technologies in Pakistan:A review

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第2期1卷 36-52页

作者： Mirza B.Baig Shabbir A.Shahid Gary S.Straquadine Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society College of Food and Agricultural SciencesKing Saud UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture DubaiUnited Arab Emirates Ohio State University ColumbusOHUSA 43210

Pakistan is an agricultural country spreading over an area of about 79.6 million hectares(Mha)with an arid and semi arid *** 79.6 Mha,about 23 Mha is suitable for crop production and nearly 25 percent of the total cultivated area is designated for rainfed ***,rain-fed agriculture is constrained with multifarious problems such as moisture stress,soil erosion and crusting,nutrient deficiency,depletion and poor nutrient use efficiency,and weed infestation limiting the yield potential of these *** addition,deforestation and poor crop husbandry techniques are commonly noticed *** meet the food requirements,farmers bring all the available pieces of lands under plough including steep *** on steep slopes if not managed on scientific lines,results in severe *** problems faced by the farmers are due to the unsustainable practices they adopt to practice dryland agriculture,limiting the productive potential of these important ***,their potential can be improved by adopting suitable rainwater harvesting techniques;employing scientific soil and water conservation methods and using sustainable agricultural *** paper highlights some important issues associated with the rainfed agriculture of *** strategies for realizing optimum and sustainable yields have been outlined while conserving both land and water resources.

关键词： Arid agriculture Sustainable technologies rainwater harvesting Agronomic practices Extension Education

黄土高原适于造林的雨水收集系统设计方法(英文)

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Forestry Studies in China 2002年第1期4卷 29-34页

作者：王百田田晶会张府娥北京林业大学资源与环境学院北京100083

On the basis of natural conditions of lack of rainfall on the Loess Plateau, this paper presents a method of design and construction in rainwater harvesting system for afforestation, which is suitable to the regions of 300 600?mm rainfall. The system consists of micro catchments of various forms and sizes that include planting areas, where trees are planted and trapped runoff, and contributing areas, where overland flow are produced by rainfall. The design is based on rainfall, runoff coefficients of contributing areas, evapotranspiration of trees and soil surface, water deficiency of soil, and environmental capacity of precipitation in the region, and so on. Runoff coefficient of contributing areas with YJG (organic silicon chemical treatment), compacted surface soil slope and natural slope micro catchments, are 0 8 0 89, 0 23 0 36, and 0 08 0 10 respectively. According to the Penman method, the soil water deficiency varies from 50?mm to 300?mm. In the region of 400?mm precipitation, the contributing area treated with YJG is 3 4?m 2 for timber forests, 8 10?m 2 for cash trees respectively; the contributing area treated with compacted soil surface is 6 8?m\+2 for timber forests, 10 12?m 2 for cash trees respectively; the contributing area of natural slope is 8 10?m 2 for timber forests, 12 15?m 2 for cash trees respectively. Transpiration from trees of micro catchment in YJG, compacted surface soil and natural slope treatment is by 47 65% 53 31%, 24 10% 36 93%, and 18 65% 29 55% of total rainfall (rainfall and harvested rainwater) respectively after the system was applied in the region. This system, which has been widely practising on the Loess Plateau, is now known as runoff forestry.

关键词： rainwater harvesting micro catchments soil water afforestation the Loess Plateau