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Artificial Neural Networks for Event Based rainfall-runoff Modeling

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第10期4卷 891-897页

作者： Archana Sarkar Rakesh Kumar National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee India

The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach has been successfully used in many hydrological studies especially the rainfall-runoff modeling using continuous data. The present study examines its applicability to model the event-based rainfall-runoff process. A case study has been done for Ajay river basin to develop event-based rainfall-runoff model for the basin to simulate the hourly runoff at Sarath gauging site. The results demonstrate that ANN models are able to provide a good representation of an event-based rainfall-runoff process. The two important parameters, when predicting a flood hydrograph, are the magnitude of the peak discharge and the time to peak discharge. The developed ANN models have been able to predict this information with great accuracy. This shows that ANNs can be very efficient in modeling an event-based rainfall-runoff process for determining the peak discharge and time to the peak discharge very accurately. This is important in water resources design and management applications, where peak discharge and time to peak discharge are important input

关键词： Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) Event Based rainfall-runoff Process Error Back Propagation Neural Power

Particle Swarm Optimization for Identifying rainfall-runoff Relationships

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第3期4卷 115-126页

作者： Chien-Ming Chou Department of Design for Sustainable Environment Ming Dao University Changhua Chinese Taipei

rainfall-runoff processes can be considered a single input-output system where the observed rainfall and runoff are inputs and outputs, respectively. Conventional models of these processes cannot simultaneously identify unknown structures of the system and estimate unknown parameters. This study applied a combinational optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for simultaneous identification of system structure and parameters of the rainfall-runoff relationship. Subsystems in proposed model are modeled using combinations of classic models. Classic models are used to transform the system structure identification problem into a combinational optimization and can be selected from those typically used in the hydrological field. A PSO is then applied to select the optimized subsystem model with the best data fit. The parameters are estimated simultaneously. The proposed model is tested in a case study of daily rainfall-runoff for the upstream Kee-Lung River. Comparison of the proposed method with simple linear model (SLM) shows that, in both calibration and validation, the PSO simulates the time of peak arrival more accurately compared to the SLM. Analytical results also confirm that the PSO accurately identifies the system structure and parameters of the rainfall-runoff relationship, which are a useful reference for water resource planning and application.

关键词： rainfall-runoff System Identification Particle Swarm Optimization Classic Models Simple Linear Model

Application of Hydrological Model to Simulate rainfall-runoff into An Khe Reservoir in the Ba River Basin, Vietnam

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2018年第3期7卷 101-107页

作者： Nguyen Van Hieu Can Thu Van Vu Minh Cat Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam Thuyloi Universiry Ha Noi 100000 Vietnam Hochiminh City University of Natural Resources and Environment HCM City 700000 Vietnam

The BR （Ba River） basin is one of 9 main river basins in Vietnam. In the past 20 years, natural hazards such as flood andinundation have been complex and increased dramatically in both frequency and intensity in the BR basin. Recently, there have beenapproximately 198 large and small operating reservoirs which lead to increase natural hazards in the river basin. An Khe reservoir,one of big reservoirs in the upstream of the Ba river, impacts significantly on flooding in the downstream. This paper useshydrological model to simulate the flows as a basic for the safety operation of An Khe reservoir in order to prevent the downstreamfloods. The results indicate the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient higher than 0.8 is stable and reliable parameter.

关键词： Ba river basin flood An Khe reservoir hydrographic model rainfall-runoff

Using SWAT Model and Field Data to Determine Potential of NASA-POWER Data for Modelling rainfall-runoff in Incalaue River Basin

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2022年第2期11卷 65-83页

作者： Ezrah Natumanya Natasha Ribeiro Majaliwa Jackson Gilbert Mwanjalolo Franziska Steinbruch Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering Eduardo Mondlane University Maputo Mozambique College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda National Administration for Conservation Areas Maputo Mozambique

Incalaue is a tributary of Lugenda River in NSR (Niassa Special Reserve) in North-Eastern Mozambique. NSR is a data-poor remote area and there is a need for rainfall-runoff data to inform decisions on water resources management, and scientific methods are needed for this wide expanse of land. This study assessed the potential of a combination of NASA-POWER (National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources) remotely sensed rainfall data and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) soil and land use/cover data for modelling rainfall-runoff in Incalaue river basin. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of 1:250,000 scale and a grid resolution of 30 m × 30 m downloaded from USGS (the United States Geological Survey) website;clipped river basin FAO digital soil and land use/cover maps;and field-collected data were used. SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was used to assess rainfall -runoff data generated using the NASA-POWER dataset and gauged rainfall and river flow data collected during fieldwork. FAO soil and land use/cover datasets which are globally available and widely used in the region were used for comparison with soil data collected during fieldwork. Field collected data showed that soil in the area is predominantly sandy loam and only sand content and bulk density were uniformly distributed across the soil samples. SWAT model showed a good rainfall-runoff relationship using NASA-POWER data for the area (R2 = 0.7749) for the studied period (2019-2021). There was an equally strong rainfall-runoff relationship for gauged data (R2 = 0.8131). There were uniform trends for the rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity in NASA-POWER meteorological data. Timing of peaks and lows in rainfall and river flow observed in the field and modelled were confirmed by residents as the trend in the area. This approach was used because there was no historical rainfall and river flow data since

关键词： Modelling rainfall-runoff Satellite Data

Effects of urban grass coverage on rainfall-induced runoff in Xi'an loess region in China

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第4期10卷 320-325页

作者： Jing Li, Zhan-bin Li Meng-jing Guo Peng Li Sheng-dong Cheng State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Areas Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048China

In this study, laboratory rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of grass coverage on rainfallrunoff processes. A total of 80 grass blocks planted with well-grown manilagrass, together with their root systems, were sampled from an eastern suburban area of Xi'an City in the northwest arid area of China and sent to a laboratory for rainfall simulation experiments. The runoff and infiltration processes of a slope with different grass coverage ratios and vegetation patterns were analyzed. The results show that the runoff coefficient decreases with the increase of the grass coverage ratio, and the influence of grass coverage on the reduction of runoff shows a high degree of spatial variation. At a constant grass coverage ratio, as the area of grass coverage moves downward, the runoff coefficient, total runoff,and flood peak discharge gradually decrease, and the flood peak occurs later. With the increase of the grass coverage ratio, the flood peak discharge gradually decreases, and the flood peak occurs later as well. In conclusion, a high grass coverage ratio with the area of grass coverage located at the lower part of the slope will lead to satisfactory regulatory effects on rainfall-induced runoff.

关键词： rainfall simulation Urban vegetation in arid area rainfall-runoff process Regulatory effect Xi'an loess region

rainfall and runoff Observations in the Subtropical Forest of Okinawa Island, Japan

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第6期6卷 625-634页

作者： Naoki Kabeya Akira Shimizu Takanori Shimizu Hitoshi Ikuzawa Takuya Arakaki Hiroshi Furugen Yashuhiro Ohnuki Shiho Asano Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan Incorporated Okinawa Prefecture Environment Science Centre Urazoe Japan Kyushu Research Centre Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Kumamoto Japan Okinawa Prefecture Forest Resource Research Centre Nago Japan

We set up two experimental catchments to provide an improved understanding of hydrological processes in a subtropical forested area in the northern part of Okinawa Island, Japan. We calculated runoff using water level data (recorded by a pressure-type water level gauge installed in a box culvert) and a discharge rating curve (derived from in situ observations). Water balance calculations for 2010 showed that the rainfall, runoff and evapotranspiration losses (= rainfall – runoff) were 3403.6 mm, 2285.7 mm and 1117.4 mm, respectively. This result was in agreement with previous results from other forested experimental catchments in this region. Direct runoff, as a proportion of event total rainfall, can be expressed by the empirical equation (Qdirect = 0.0048, Pevent 1.7971, R2 = 0.9599). When Pevent was 100 mm or less, the ratios of Qdirect to Pevent were less than 15% in general. When Pevent exceeded 100 mm, the ratios were 20% - 30%.

关键词： Direct runoff Forested Watershed Okinawa Island rainfall-runoff Observation Sub-Tropical Forest Water Balance

A physically-based integrated numerical model for flow,upland erosion,and contaminant transport in surface-subsurface systems

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3391-3400页

作者： HE ZhiGuo1 & WU WeiMing2 1 Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 2 National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering University of Mississippi Oxford USA

This paper presents a physically-based integrated hydrologic model that can simulate the rain-fall-induced 2D surface water flow, 3D variably saturated subsurface flow, upland soil erosion and transport, and contaminant transport in the surface-subsurface system of a watershed. The model couples surface and subsurface flows based on the assumption of continuity conditions of pressure head and exchange flux at the ground, considering infiltration and evapotranspiration. The upland rill/interrill soil erosion and transport are simulated using a non-equilibrium transport model. Contaminant transport in the integrated surface and subsurface domains is simulated using advection-diffusion equations with mass changes due to sediment sorption and desorption and exchanges between two domains due to infiltration, diffusion, and bed change. The model requires no special treatments at the interface of upland areas and streams and is suitable for wetland areas and agricultural watersheds with shallow streams.

关键词： surface-subsurface system infiltration integrated hydrologic model rainfall-runoff evapotranspiration erosion pollution sorption

The effects of rainfall regimes and rainfall characteristics on peak discharge in a small debris flow-prone catchment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第7期16卷 1646-1660页

作者： WEI Zhen-lei SUN Hong-yue XU Hao-di WU Gang XIE Wei College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China

Peak discharge plays an important role in triggering channelized debris *** rainfall regimes and rainfall characteristics have been demonstrated to have important influences on peak *** order to explore the relationship between rainfall regimes and peak discharge,a measuring system was placed at the outlet of a small,debris flow-prone *** facility consisted of an approximately rectangular stilling basin,ending with a sharp-crested *** runoff events were recorded which provided a unique opportunity for characterizing the hydrological response of the debris flow-prone ***,a rainfall–runoff model was tested against the flow discharge measurements to have a deep understanding of hydrological *** on the calibrated rainfall-runoff model,twelve different artificially set rainfall patterns were regarded as the input parameters to investigate the effect of rainfall regimes on peak *** results show that the rainfall patterns have a significant effect on peak *** rainfall regimes which have higher peak rainfall intensity and peak rainfall point occur at the later part of rainfall process are easy to generate larger peak discharge in the condition of the same cumulative rainfall and ***,in order to explore the relationship between rainfall characteristics and peak discharge under different cumulative precipitation and different duration,167 measured rainfall events were also *** the basis of rainfall depth,rainfall duration,and maximum hourly intensity,all the rainfall events were classified into four categories by using K-mean *** regime 1 was composed of rainfall events with a moderate mean P(precipitation),a moderate D(duration),and a moderate I60(maximum hourly intensity).rainfall regime 2 was the group of rainfall events with a high mean P,long *** regime 3,however,had a low P and a long *** characteristic of rainfall regime 4 was high I60 and short duration

关键词： Debris flow rainfall regimes rainfall characteristics Peak discharge rainfall-runoff model

Improvement of LCM model and determination of model parameters at watershed scale for flood events in Hongde Basin of China

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第1期10卷 36-42页

作者： Jun Li Chang-ming Liu Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Considering the fact that the original two-parameter LCM model can only be used to investigate rainfall losses during the runoff period because the initial abstraction is not included, the LCM model was redefined as a three-parameter model, including the initial abstraction coefficient l, the initial abstraction Ia, and the rainfall loss coefficient R. The improved LCM model is superior to the original two-parameter model, which only includes r and R, where r is the initial rainfall loss index and can be calculated with l using the Soil Conservation Service curve number （SCS-CN） method, with r = 1/（1 ＋ λ）. The trial method was used to determine the parameter values of the improved LCM model at the watershed scale for 15 flood events in the Hongde Basin in China. The results show that larger r values are associated with smaller R values, and the parameter R ranges widely from 0.5 to 2.0. In order to improve the practicability of the LCM model, r = 0.833 with λ = 0.2 is reasonable for simplifying calculation. When the LCM model is applied to arid and semi-arid regions, rainfall without yielding runoff should be deducted from the total rainfall for more accurate estimation of rainfall-runoff.

关键词： LCM model SCS-CN method rainfall-runoff Initial abstraction Partial-area runoff Determination of parameter Loess Plateau