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Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion

International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第3期34卷 270-278页

作者： Morteza Alavinia Farzin Nasiri Saleh Hossain Asadi Department of Water Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Department of Soil Science University of Tehran

rainfall-induced erosion involves the detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact and their transport by the combined action of the shallow surface runoff and raindrop impact. Although temporal variation in rainfall intensity(pattern) during natural rainstorms is a common phenomenon, the available information is inadequate to understand its effects on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion processes. To address this issue, four simulated rainfall patterns(constant, increasing, decreasing, and increasing-decreasing) with the same total kinetic energy were designed. Two soil types(sandy and sandy loam)were subjected to simulated rainfall using 15 cm × 30 cm long detachment trays under infiltration conditions. For each simulation, runoff and sediment concentration were sampled at regular intervals. No obvious difference was observed in runoff across the two soil types, but there were significant differences in soil losses among the different rainfall patterns and stages. For varying-intensity rainfall patterns, the dominant sediment transport mechanism was not only influenced by raindrop detachment but also was affected by raindrop-induced shallow flow transport. Moreover, the efficiency of equations that predict the interrill erosion rate increased when the integrated raindrop impact and surface runoff rate were applied. Although the processes of interrill erosion are complex, the findings in this study may provide useful insight for developing models that predict the effects of rainfall pattern on runoff and erosion.

关键词： rainfall pattern Sediment concentration Soil loss Sediment transport mechanisms

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Characteristics of the Summer Time rainfall patterns over China and the Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2010年第2期1卷 24-30,36页

作者：彭模韩雪陈茂钦江苏省海洋环境监测预报中心江苏南京210036 南京信息工程大学大气科学学院江苏南京210044

Using the monthly summer (June to August) precipitation data over China from 1979 to 1998,and the SST data in Indian Ocean of the overlapping periods,we have analyzed the spatial patterns as well as their temporal evolution of the summer precipitation,along with the relationships between the precipitation over China and the SST in Indian Ocean,with the EOF and SVD methods *** important results are:several canonical anomalous summer precipitation patterns have been *** summer SST in Indian Ocean is positively correlated with the simultaneous precipitation in the Yangtze River and Huai River Basin,while negatively with that in other parts of China.

关键词： Precipitation in summer rainfall pattern Sea surface temperature in Indian Ocean China

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Tropical Convective Activities Related to Summer rainfall Anomaly in China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2000年第1期17卷 121-128页

作者：郭品文田红刘宣飞 Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing Anhui Meteorological Center Hefei

The paper presents the SVD-revealed relation of the tropical convection anomaly patterns to the summer rainfall counterparts of China, indicating that a) the ENSO-associated tropical con-vection anomaly is highly advantageous but the corresponding rainfall anomaly can only account for 10.3% of total variance, the rainfall anomaly related to tropical monsoon variation with the northern South China Sea as the center of convection abnormality for 18.8% and to the variation inside the tropical monsoon for 11.2%; b) the ENSO-related summer precipitation anomaly dis-plays a pattern of excessive rainfall in the south and deficit in the north, the anomaly relative to the tropical monsoon variation a pattern of more precipitation in the Yangtze River valleys and less in North, Northeast and South China, and that in relation to the variation within the tropical mon-soon a pattern of two rainbands, one in the Yangtze River valleys and the other in North China. Key words Tropical convection - Singular value decomposition (SVD) - rainfall pattern (1)This work is supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under Grant No. 49775265.

关键词： Tropical convection Singular value decomposition (SVD) rainfall pattern

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Duration and intensity of rainfall events with the same erosivity change sediment yield and runoff rates

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 69-75页

作者： Wilk Sampaio de Almeida Steffen Seitz Luiz Fernando Coutinho de Oliveira Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho Agronomy Department Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of RondôniaCampus AriquemesRO 257km 13AriquemesRO76870-000Brazil Department of Geosciences University of TübingenTübingenGermany Federal University of Lavras Department of Water Resources and Sanitation37200-000LavrasMGBrazil Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Engineering DepartmentBR 465km 723897-000SeropédicaRJBrazil

The effect of different rainfall patterns on surface runoff,infiltration and thus soil losses and sediment concentrations are still in the focus of current *** most simulated rainfall experiments,pre-cipitation is applied at a fixed intensity for a fixed ***,the impact of rainfall patterns on soil erosion processes may be different varying the rainfall duration and intensity that produces an event with similar rainfall erosivity ***-five rainfall events were applied on micro-scale runoff plots in a soil covered with corn straw to evaluate the sediment yield and runoff *** different rainfall types were composed by association of duration(Dur)and intensity(IP)with the same erosivity *** Dur varied from 38 to 106 min and the IP varied from 75.0 to 44.6 mm h^(-1).The sediment yield varied from 1.89±1.26 g m^(-2) to 4.02±2.66 g m^(-2) and runoff ranged from 16.9±8.74 mm to 32.63±10.67 mm with highest rates occurring with high intensity and low *** highest rainfall intensity provides the maximum sediment yield(0.138 g m^(-2) min^(-1))and runoff rates(0.87 mm min^(-1)).The time to start surface runoff varied from 14 to 19.2 min and it was longer in treatments with longer durations and low precipitation *** difference was found in the amount of sediments applying rain with the same erosivity and different associations of duration and ***,the intensity and duration of the rain,with the same erosivity,altered the amount and time of *** rainfall experiments with con-stant intensity and fixed time,the erosion rates depend on the duration of the applied ***,the results of this study can contribute to the development of new perspectives in the design of water erosion experiments with simulated rain considering the duration,intensity and also the association of these variables to produce rainfall that delivery the same soil erosion capacity.

关键词： Simulated rainfall rainfall pattern Water erosion Soil loss

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Effects of precipitation on soil organic carbon fractions in three subtropical forests in southern China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第1期9卷 10-19页

作者： Xiaomei Chen Deqiang Zhang Guohua Liang Qingyan Qiu Juxiu Liu Guoyi Zhou Shizhong Liu Guowei Chu Junhua Yan School of Geographical Sciences Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510650China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of precipitation changes on soil organic carbon(SOC)fractions in subtropical forests where the precipitation pattern has been altered for *** We conducted field manipulations of precipitation,including ambient precipitation as a control(CK),double precipitation(DP)and no precipitation(NP),for 3 years in three forests with different stand ages(broadleaf forest[BF],mixed forest[MF]and pine forest[PF])in subtropical *** the end of the experiment,soil samples were collected to assay SOC content,readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROC)and non-readily oxidizable organic carbon(NROC),as well as soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),pH and total nitrogen *** from the forest floors were also collected to analyze carbon(C)functional groups(*** C,aromatic C,O-alkyl C and carbonyl C).Furthermore,fine root biomass was measured periodically throughout the *** Findings Among the forests,ROC content did not exhibit any notable differences,while NROC content increased significantly with the stand *** finding implied that the SOC accumulation observed in these forests resulted from the accumulation of NROC in the soil,a mechanism for SOC accumulation in the mature forests of southern ***,NP treatment led to significant reductions in both ROC and NROC content and therefore reduced the total SOC content in all of the studied *** decreases may be due to the lower plant-derived C inputs(C quantity)and to the changes in SOC components(C quality)indicated by C functional groups analyses under NP *** treatment in all the forests also tended to decrease the SOC content,although the decreases were not statistically significant with the exception of SOC and ROC content in *** finding indicated that soils in MF and in BF may be more resistant to precipitation increases,possibly due to less water limitations under natural conditions in the two ***

关键词： rainfall pattern labile organic carbon soil organic carbon stable organic carbon forest floor

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