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Study of Hydrometeorology in a Hard Rock Terrain, Kadirischist Belt Area, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh

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Open Journal of Geology 2012年第4期2卷 294-301页

作者： Katta Satya Sai Prasad Purramreddy Tirumala Ashok Kumar Reddy Nagam Balayerikala Reddy Department of Geology Sri Venkateswara University Tirupati India

Hydrometeorological studies reveal that the study area comes under semi-arid zone with moderate drought conditions. The rainfall confirms that erratic nature of rainfall in the study area. The rainfall data for 14 years of the study area reveal that only three years had sufficient rainfall and rest of the 11 years are drought-prone to varying intensities. It is also observed that the area receives maximum amount of rainfall from south-west monsoon (June-December).

关键词： Hydrometeorology rainfall Ratio Drought and Hydrograph

Association between activity of hand,foot and mouth disease and meteorological factors in Suzhou

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China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine) 2012年第4期29卷 201-201页

作者：陈正荣 Dept Respir Dis Children's Hosp Suzhou Univ

Objective To study the association between activity of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) and the meteorological factors in Suzhou. Methods A total of 17653 children diagnosed with HFMD in Children’s Hospital Affiliat... 详细信息

关键词： Suzhou meteorological children enrolled rainfall humidity affecting exact shine markedly

Changes in Microfungal Community in Cherrapunji—The Wettest Patch on Earth as Influenced by Heavy Rain and Soil Degradation

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 456-464页

作者： Purabi Saikia Santa Ram Joshi Microbiology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong India

As part of a long time analysis to examine the ecological impacts of heavy rain coupled to soil degradation, soil fungal communities from two closely spaced sites bearing distinct ecology—one receiving heaviest rainfall but degraded patch on earth and the other pristine sacred grove forest were investigated over a period of three years. Cherrapunji besides being highest rainfall receiving area, is characterized by complete deforestation and soil erosion with sparse grasses forming the surface growth, whereas the sacred forests are conserved in their pristine nature due to religious beliefs of the indigenous tribes. The effect of deforestation and land degradation on soil microbes, soil organic carbon, soil nitrate nitrogen, soil pH, soil temperature, and fungal CFU/g were investigated from the two contrasting sites. The sites showed great variability in physical and chemical parameters including soil composition, temperature, pH, soil carbon, nitrogen content, water availability and enzyme activities. The population count of fungi was higher in sacred forest soil than degraded land of Cherrapunji. In both soil types, Penicillium perpurogenum markedly dominated and the co-dominant species (Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Trichoderma sp.) were common in both virgin and degraded soils. A total of 63 species were identified during the study period. The species composition between the two sites showed some variation as Syncephalastrum sp., S. chartarum, Gliocladium sp., Eupenicillium osmophilum and Eurotium sp. were not present in Cherrapunji. The undisturbed sacred forest fungal communities had significantly higher Simpson, Shannon and evenness indices than that of degraded soil of Cherrapunji. The prolonged anthropogenic activity in the area leading to degradation coupled with heavy rainfall has decreased the diversity level of fungal communities and masked the pristine differentiating effect of soil on the fungal community.

关键词： Microfungal Diversity Sacred Forest Heaviest rainfall Area Degraded Land Cherrapunji

Water requirements and single and dual crop coefficients of sugarcane grown in a tropical region, Brazil

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 274-286页

作者： Vicente de P. R. da Silva Cícera J. R. Borges Carlos H. A. Farias Vijay P. Singh Walker G. Albuquerque Bernardo Barbosa da Silva Academic Unity of Atmospheric Sciences Center of Technology and Natural Resources Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Brazil Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Department of Civil & Engineering Texas A&M University College Station USA Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Miriri Alimentos e Bioenergia S/A Capim Brazil

A field experiment was conducted throughout 2009/2010 in a sugarcane field of a commercial distillery located on the coastal area of Paraiba state, Brazil. The objectives were to determine sugarcane water requirements and to test the single and dual crop coefficients by comparing the calculated values of ET with measured ones. Crop evapotranspiration was determined by field water balance, reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by the Penman-Monteith approach, while single and dual crop coefficients were computed through the standard FAO-56 methodology. The experimental area was cultivated with irrigation applied weekly by a centre pivot system in addition to rainfall and the irrigation scheduling was based on 100% ETo. Three statistical tests, mean bias difference (MBD), normalized root mean square difference (NRMSD) and regression analysis, were used to evaluate the performance of single and dual crop coefficients. Results showed that there was a notable symmetry between ET measured and ET calculated by Kc dual. The ET values, calculated from Kc single, underestimated those obtained from soil water balance measurements by 36%.

关键词： Crop Coefficient Evapotranspiration Rainfed rainfall Water Stress

Hydrometeorological Modeling Study of Tropical Cyclone Phet in the Arabian Sea in 2010

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2012年第2期2卷 174-190页

作者： Mohammed Haggag Hesham Badry Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza Egypt

Tropical cyclone Phet is the second strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Arabian Sea. Phet made landfall in the northeast mountainous area of Oman in early morning on 4 June in 2010, causing a breaking record rainfall in this arid region of 488 mm/48 h. The cyclone heavy rainfall triggered flash floods causing enormous losses in lives and infrastructure in northeast Oman. The state of the art Advanced Research WRF model is used to study the atmospheric circulation and to reproduce the heavy rainfall over Oman. Three one-way nested domains with 32 vertical layers with terrain following sigma coordinate are used to setup eight numerical experiments aiming to investigate the effect of initialization time, horizontal grid resolution and terrain elevations on reproducing the cyclone track, intensity and heavy rainfall. Simulation results show negligible effect of model initialization time on cyclone track, intensity and rainfall. In contrast, the orographic effect played a substantial role in rainfall simulation over northeast Oman. The heavy rainfall was a combination of the cyclone circulation effect and the orographic lifting in the mountains. The northeasterly cyclone moist-warm wind was lifted in the Omani mountains releasing its potential energy and enhancing further thermal convection. The numerical experiment with the highest terrain elevation (RUN3.3-C) resulted in overestimation of observed rainfall due to the enhanced topographic lifting of the saturated cyclone wind. Experiment with similar horizontal grid resolution but smoother terrain elevation (RUN3.3-TER) resulted in much less rainfall amount comparable to the observed values. The increased precipitation in RUN3.3-C is due to the increase in the rain- water and cloud water and graupel of the explicit moisture scheme.

关键词： Cyclone Phet Arabian Sea Oman WRF rainfall Orography Simulation Convection

模拟降雨对茶树上几种化学农药残留性的影响(英文)

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茶叶科学 1989年第2期9卷 133-139页

作者：夏会龙万海滨薛玉柱王运浩马慧群陈宗懋中国农业科学院茶叶研究所

本研究选择5种不同水溶解度的农药(敌敌畏、喹硫磷、乐果、马拉硫磷、氯氰菊酯),采用模拟降雨的方法进行雨水淋失实验,结果表明,雨水对茶树叶片上的农药淋失率与该农药的水溶解度有明显的相关性(r=O.885),水溶解度愈高的农药,雨水淋失... 详细信息

本研究选择5种不同水溶解度的农药(敌敌畏、喹硫磷、乐果、马拉硫磷、氯氰菊酯),采用模拟降雨的方法进行雨水淋失实验,结果表明,雨水对茶树叶片上的农药淋失率与该农药的水溶解度有明显的相关性(r=O.885),水溶解度愈高的农药,雨水淋失率也愈高。此外,遇雨距喷药期的间隔时间愈长,雨水淋失作用愈小,而降雨量大小的影响相对较小。具内吸作用的农药(如乐果)除施药初期遇雨有一定影响外,其后的影响逐渐减小;非内吸性农药在施药后24小时内遇15毫米降雨时,其水溶解度每上升1ppm,雨水淋失率增加0.28％。文中还讨论了根据农药的水溶性、内吸性、降雨量和遇雨期进行分级及农药的雨水淋失率预测问题。

关键词：模拟降雨淋失农药残留水溶解度内吸性 rainfall 氯氰菊酯内吸作用马拉硫磷喹硫磷

Developing Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves in Scarce Data Region: An Approach using Regional Analysis and Satellite Data

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Engineering（科研） 2011年第3期3卷 215-226页

作者： Ayman G. Awadallah Mohamed ElGamal Ashraf ElMostafa Hesham ElBadry 不详

The availability of data is an important aspect in frequency analysis. This paper explores the joint use of lim- ited data from ground rainfall stations and TRMM data to develop Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves, where very limited ground station rainfall records are available. Homogeneity of the means and variances are first checked for both types of data. The study zone is assumed to be belonging to the same region and checked using the Wiltshire test. An Index Flood procedure is adopted to generate the theoretical regional distribution equation. rainfall depths at various return periods are calculated for all stations and plotted spatially. Regional patterns are identified and discussed. TRMM data are used to develop ratios between 24-hr rainfall depth and shorter duration depths. The regional patterns along with the developed ratios are used to develop regional IDF curves. The methodology is applied on a region in the North-West of Angola.

关键词： rainfall Frequency Analysis Regional Analysis Intensity Duration Frequency TRMM Angola

L-Homoarginine Accumulation in Grass Pea (<i>Lathyrus sativus</i>L.) Dry Seeds. A Preliminary Survey

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 207-213页

作者： Angela Rose Piergiovanni Anna Damascelli 不详

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) has great agronomic potential as grain and forage legume, and presently is con-sidered as a model crop for sustainable agriculture. However, the development into an important food legume has been hin- dered by the presence of the neurotoxic amino acid β-N-Oxalyl-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP). Recent studies reported that homoarginine (Har) can counteract this toxic action. This research was undertaken to shed light on the variation of Har amount within grass pea. The influence of the environment and of the year-to-year variation of cli- matic conditions was also investigated. Seven Italian grass pea ecotypes were evaluated for two subsequent growing seasons in two locations of southern Italy. In contrast with previous studies collected data evidenced a significant variation of Har amount among the tested ecotypes. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between Har and ODAP level was observed. The effect of year-to-year variation of temperature and rainfall quantity is also discussed.

关键词： Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Ecotype Genetic Variation Lathyrus Sativus Non-Protein Amino Acids rainfall Amount

The statistical prediction of East African rainfalls using quasi-biennial oscillation phases information

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Natural Science 2010年第12期2卷 1407-1416页

作者： Hashim K. Ng’ongolo Sergei P. Smyshlyaev 不详

A simple correlation method and a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)/rainfall composite analysis were used to examine the teleconnections be-tween the seasonal rainfall anomalies of March through May (long-rains) over East Africa and the different QBO phases in the stratospheric zonal winds, and also explore the predictive potential of the long rainy season using infor-mation about the phases of the QBO for the pe-riod 1979-2003. We study the spatial correlation patterns statistically to understand the climatic associations between the equatorial strato-spheric zonal wind and regional rainfall at the interannual time scale. The aim of this analysis is to establish whether this global signal can be employed as predictor variable in the long-range forecasts. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed in the first instance to reduce the large dimensionality of the predictant (monthly rainfall data), to retain the time series of the principal components (PCs) and to delineate the rain gauge network of East Africa into homo-geneous zones. Spatial patterns of the factor loading were used to delineate East Africa into 11 homogeneous zones.

关键词： principal component analysis (PCA) Climatological rainfall Zones QBO-Index SOI-Index March to May Seasonal rainfall in East Africa