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rainfall amount determines annual herb controls over soil seed bank and its similarity with vegetation in the Tengger Desert

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 27-37页

作者： Ya‑Fei Shi Zeng‑Ru Wang Bing‑Xin Xu Jian‑Qiang Huo Rui Hu Yang Zhao Zhi‑Shan Zhang Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station Northwest Institute of Eco‑Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLan‑zhou 730000Gansu ProvincePeople’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‑Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grass‑land Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020Gansu ProvincePeople’s Republic of China

Background:Soil seed banks may offer great potential for maintaining and restoring desert ecosystems that have been degraded by climate change and anthropogenic disturbance.However,few studies have explored the year‑to‑year dynamics in the species composition(richness and abundance)of these desert soil seed banks.Thus,we conducted a 4‑year study to assess the effects of environmental factors(meteorology and microtopography)and aboveground vegetation on the soil seed bank of the Tengger Desert,China.Results:We found the seed bank was dominated by annual herb species both in species richness and abundance.More rainfall in the growing season increased the number of seeds in the soil seed bank,and quadrat micro‑elevation had a negative effect on soil seed bank size.The species composition in the seed bank had significantly larger between‑year similarity than that in the aboveground vegetation due to the dominance of annual herb species.For different life forms,the species composition of annual herbs showed distinctly larger temporal similarity between the aboveground vegetation and the seed bank compared with perennial herbs and shrubs.Conclusions:Our findings highlight that the combined effects of environmental factors and plant life forms deter‑mine the species composition(especially the abundance)of soil seed banks in deserts.However,if degraded desert ecosystems are left to regenerate naturally,the lack of shrub and perennial herb seeds could crucially limit their restoration.Human intervention and management may have to be applied to enhance the seed abundance of perennial lifeforms in degraded deserts.

关键词： Desert ecosystem Seed bank dynamics rainfall Plant type Vegetation regeneration Annual herbs

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Dynamic Response and Deformation Behavior of Kadui-2 Landslide Influenced by Reservoir Impoundment and rainfall,Baoxing,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第3期34卷 911-923页

作者： Muhammad Kamran Xiewen Hu Muhammad Awais Hussain Muhammad Sanaullah Randa Ali Kun He Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Civil Engineering Technology National Skills UniversityIslamabadPakistan Institute of Geology Unversity of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan

This study focuses on the deformation characteristics of Kadui-2 Landslide by the influence of reservoir filling-drawdown and precipitation.A three-year monitoring project was implemented in order to observe the short/long-term deformation.The slide mass experienced consistent deformation with a maximum cumulative displacement of 331.34 cm.Based on the recorded data of reservoir water level and precipitation during this period,a two-dimensional(2-D)finite element model using Geostudio software was set up for deformation simulation under different conditions to understand the real influence of these triggering factors on landslide.The numerical simulation results are in consistent with monitoring field data.Both numerical simulation and field monitoring results exhibit that the maximum deformation occurred at the foreside of slumping mass.The slip surface shows significant creep characteristics decreasing as long-term shear strength reducing gradually.Reservoir water level fluctuation is the primary triggering factor to reactivate the landslide mass and has a negative correlation with deformation rate.Displacement rate increases with the reservoir drawdown and decreases with impoundment rise.Compared with reservoir filling-drawdown operation,rainfall has no significant effect on the slide motion of landslide due to limited penetration from the ground surface.

关键词： landslide reservoir water level fluctuation rainfall finite element method cumulative displacement deformation characteristics

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The Impact of an Abnormal Zonal Vertical Circulation in Autumn of Super El Ni?o Years on Non-tropical-cyclone Heavy rainfall over Hainan Island

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第11期39卷 1914-1924页

作者： Fei WANG Lifang SHENG Xiadong AN Haixia ZHOU Yingying ZHANG Xiaodong LI Yigeng DING Jing YANG Department of Marine Meteorology College of Oceanic and Atmospheric SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province Haikou 570000China Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory Key Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Sansha Meteorological Bureau of Hainan Province Sansha 573199China Professional Meteorological Science and Technology Service Center of Hainan province Haikou 570000China

This study reveals a significant positive connection between autumn non-tropical-cyclone heavy rainfall on Hainan Island and the intensity of Eastern Pacific(EP)El Ni?o events.That is,the amount of rainfall in super EP El Ni?o years is more than that in normal EP El Ni?o years.Comparing EP El Ni?o years of different intensities,the cooler sea surface temperature in the northwestern Pacific during super EP El Ni?o years stimulates a negative surface latent heat flux(LHF)anomaly and abnormal anticyclonic circulation at 850 hPa.Under these conditions,an abnormal zonal vertical circulation develops in the northern South China Sea once a positive LHF anomaly and abnormal cyclonic circulation(ACC)at 850hPa occur in the Beibu Gulf.The abnormal zonal vertical circulation further strengthens the ascending motion over Hainan Island,as the critical factor that leads to excessive rainfall.Further analysis shows that the positive LHF anomaly,which can be attributed to the increased latent heat transfer which resulted from the increased surface wind speed,is an important trigger for the ACC.However,the ACC is also the supplier of favorable moisture conditions because it intensifies vapor convergence over Hainan Island and meridionally transports moisture from the South China Sea to northeastern Hainan Island,thereby generating heavy rainfall.This paper emphasizes that the impact of El Ni?o events,especially super El Ni?o events,on rainfall over Hainan Island cannot be ignored,even if the traditional view is that frequent rainfall occurs mainly in La Ni?a years.

关键词： rainfall super El Nino abnormal zonal vertical circulation Hainan Island

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Interannual Influences of the Surface Potential Vorticity Forcing over the Tibetan Plateau on East Asian Summer rainfall

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1050-1061页

作者： Chen SHENG Bian HE Guoxiong WU Yimin LIU Shaoyu ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The influences of interannual surface potential vorticity forcing over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)on East Asian summer rainfall(EASR)and upper-level circulation are explored in this study.The results show that the interannual EASR and associated circulations are closely related to the surface potential vorticity negative uniform leading mode(PVNUM)over the TP.When the PVNUM is in the positive phase,more rainfall occurs in the Yangtze River valley,South Korea,Japan,and part of northern China,less rainfall occurs in southern China,and vice versa.A possible mechanism by which PVNUM affects EASR is proposed.Unstable air induced by the positive phase of PVNUM could stimulate significant upward motion and a lower-level anomalous cyclone over the TP.As a result,a dipole heating mode with anomalous cooling over the southwestern TP and anomalous heating over the southeastern TP is generated.Sensitivity experiment results regarding this dipole heating mode indicate that anomalous cooling over the southwestern TP leads to local and northeastern Asian negative height anomalies,while anomalous heating over the southeastern TP leads to local positive height anomalies.These results greatly resemble the realistic circulation pattern associated with EASR.Further analysis indicates that the anomalous water vapor transport associated with this anomalous circulation pattern is responsible for the anomalous EASR.Consequently,changes in surface potential vorticity forcing over the TP can induce changes in EASR.

关键词： surface potential vorticity East Asian summer monsoon rainfall the Tibetan Plateau

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Influence of Coastal Marine Boundary Layer Jets on rainfall in South China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第5期39卷 782-801页

作者： Yu DU Yian SHEN Guixing CHEN School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System(Sun Yat-sen University) Ministry of EducationZhuhai 519082China Huzhou Meteorological Bureau Huzhou 313000China

Coastal marine boundary layer jets(CMBLJs)play an important role in coastal and inland rainfall in South China.Using 21 years of ERA5 and CMORPH rainfall data,two main CMBLJs are found,one on each side of Hainan Island(named BLJ-WEST and BLJ-EAST),which are always strengthened jointly.Both CMBLJs often occur in the pre-summer rainy season and exhibit an evident diurnal cycle with a maximum at night.With the emergence of the CMBLJs,rainfall is significantly enhanced in South China,particularly downstream of each CMBLJ.The response of rainfall to the CMBLJs is mainly attributed to convergence at the terminus of each CMBLJ,terrain-induced lifting,and relevant atmospheric stratification.Coastal rainfall downstream of the BLJ-WEST is much weaker than that downstream of the BLJ-EAST because of higher CIN over the Beibu Gulf,which is caused by lower temperature lapse rates and adiabatic heating in the lee of the Annamite Range.The inland rainfall increases along with CMBLJ intensity,whereas coastal rainfall reaches a maximum in the presence of moderate CMBLJs rather than stronger CMBLJs.Stronger CMBLJs induce stronger dynamic lifting but higher CIN near the coastal area.Additionally,CAPE near the coast does not become highest with strongest CMBLJs,because the CAPE generation contributed by coastal dynamic lifting can be offset by the negative contribution caused by the horizontal advection of cold and dry air from the Indochina Peninsula.Therefore,anomalous dynamic lifting,moisture flux convergence,and CAPE/CIN associated with CMBLJ intensity jointly result in anomalous rainfall.

关键词： low-level jet rainfall CAPE CIN coastal region

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Seasonal Prediction for May rainfall over Southern China Based on the NCEP CFSv2

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2022年第1期28卷 29-44页

作者：李婵珠杨崧莫伟强张劲梅魏维 Dongguan Meteorological Service DongguanGuangdong 523082 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai)ZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275 China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) ZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China

In this study,we assess the prediction for May rainfall over southern China(SC)by using the NCEP CFSv2 outputs.Results show that the CFSv2 is able to depict the climatology of May rainfall and associated circulations.However,the model has a poor skill in predicting interannual variation due to its poor performance in capturing related anomalous circulations.In observation,the above-normal SC rainfall is associated with two anomalous anticyclones over the western tropical Pacific and northeastern China,respectively,with a low-pressure convergence in between.In the CFSv2,however,the anomalous circulations exhibit the patterns in response to the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),demonstrating that the model overestimates the relationship between May SC rainfall and ENSO.Because of the onset of the South China Sea monsoon,the atmospheric circulation in May over SC is more complex,so the prediction for May SC rainfall is more challenging.In this study,we establish a dynamic-statistical forecast model for May SC rainfall based on the relationship between the interannual variation of rainfall and large-scale ocean-atmosphere variables in the CFSv2.The sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)in the northeastern Pacific and the centraleastern equatorial Pacific,and the 500-h Pa geopotential height anomalies over western Siberia in previous April,which exert great influence on the SC rainfall in May,are chosen as predictors.Furthermore,multiple linear regression is employed between the predictors obtained from the CFSv2 and observed May SC rainfall.Both cross validation and independent test show that the hybrid model significantly improve the model’s skill in predicting the interannual variation of May SC rainfall by two months in advance.

关键词： rainfall May southern China NCEP CFSv2 prediction

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Strengthened Indian summer monsoon brought more rainfall to the western Tibetan Plateau during the early Holocene

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Science Bulletin 2019年第20期64卷 1482-1485页

作者： Xiangjun Liu Xiaojian Zhang Yanluan Lin Liya Jin Fahu Chen College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou730070China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Scienceand Joint Center for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of Atmoshpheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China CAS Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is considered to be the‘‘Third Pole”of the earth because of its huge area(5 million km2),its high elevation(>4000 m average altitude),and the presence of more than 100,000 km2 of glaciers in this northern mid-latitude region.As a result of these factors,the TP influences both short-term regional and large-scale atmospheric circulation and long-term climate change[1].More than ten large rivers originate from the TP and constitute an essential water supply for nearly one sixth of the global population.Hence the TP is often referred to as‘‘the water tower of Asia”[1,2].Variations of summer rainfall over the TP greatly impact inland closed lakes,river discharge,glaciers,plant phenology,and natural hazards[2].

关键词： China Strengthened Indian summer monsoon brought more rainfall to the western Tibetan Plateau during the early Holocene western

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rainfall prediction by using ANFIS times series technique in South Tangerang, Indonesia

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2020年第6期11卷 411-417页

作者： Wayan Suparta Azizan Abu Samah Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences(IOES) University of Malaya50603Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Electrical Engineering Institut Teknologi Nasional YogyakartaJl.BabarsariCaturtunggalDepokSlemanYogyakarta55281Indonesia

Excessive rainfall is one of the triggers for the flooding phenomenon,especially in the tropics with flat or concave areas.Some critical points in the South Tangerang region,which are currently one of the most rapidly developing cities,cannot be ignored from the flooding problem.Floods cause disturbing human activities,loss of life and property,and in turn affect the economic stretch in an area.This paper aimed to predict rainfall by exploring the application of artificial intelligence techniques such as ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System).The proposed technique combines neural network learning abilities with transparent linguistic representations of fuzzy systems.The ANFIS model with various input structures and membership functions was built,trained,and tested to evaluate the capability of a model.Analyses of six-year rainfall data on a monthly basis in South Tangerang City,Banten found that rainfall prediction based on ANFIS time series is promising where 80%of data testing is well predicted.

关键词： ANFIS Time series rainfall South Tangerang

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Interactive influence of rainfall manipulation and livestock grazing on species diversity of the herbaceous layer community in a humid savannah in Kenya

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Plant Diversity 2019年第3期41卷 198-205页

作者： Joseph O.Ondier Daniel O.Okach John C.Onyango Dennis O.Otieno Department of Botany Maseno University Private Bag Maseno Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology P.O Box 210-40601 Bondo Kenya Department of Plant Ecology University of Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth Germany

Changes in rainfall regime and grazing pressure affect vegetation composition and diversity with ecological implications for savannahs. The savannah in East Africa has experienced increased livestock grazing and rainfall variability but the impacts associated with those changes on the herbaceous layer have rarely been documented. We investigated the effect of livestock grazing, rainfall manipulation and their interaction on the composition and diversity of the herbaceous community in the savannah for two years in Lambwe, Kenya. rainfall manipulation plots were set up for vegetation sampling;these plots received either 50% more or 50% less rainfall than control plots. Simpson’s diversity and Bergere Parker indices were used to determine diversity changes and dominance respectively. The frequency of species was used to compute their abundance and their life forms as determined from the literature. Grazing significantly increased species diversity through suppression of dominant species. rainfall manipulation had no significant impact on plant diversity in fenced plots, but rainfall reduction significantly reduced diversity in grazed plots. In contrast, rainfall manipulation had no impact on dominance in either fenced or grazed plots. The interaction of grazing and rainfall manipulation is complex and will require additional survey campaigns to create a complete picture of the implications for savannah structure and composition.

关键词： Plant diversity Grazing rainfall Moist savannah

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Science and prediction of monsoon heavy rainfall

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Science Bulletin 2019年第21期64卷 1557-1561页

作者： Yali Luo Liye Li Richard HJohnson Chih-Pei Chang Lianshou Chen Wai-Kin Wong Jing Chen Kalli Furtado John LMcBride Ajit Tyagi Nanette Lomarda Thierry Lefort Esperanza O.Cayanan State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China HIWeather International Coordination Office Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO 80523USA Naval Postgraduate School MontereyCA 93943USA Hong Kong Observatory.Hong Kong 999077 China Numerical Prediction Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Met Office ExeterDevon EXI 3PBUK Bureau of Meteorology MelbourneVictoria 3001Australia India Meteorological Department Noida 201303India World Weather Research Division World Meteorological OrganizationGeneva 1211Switzerland Meteo-France Toulouse 31000France Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Quezon City 1100Philippines

With the increasing incidence of heavy rainfall events,particularly over the monsoon regions,the highly dense populations are more vulnerable[1].Research initiatives on observation,modeling,and prediction of monsoon heavy rainfall have been promoted actively by World Weather Research Programme's(WWRP)Working Group on Tropical Meteorology Research(WGTMR)of the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)since 2010.Series of monsoon-heavy-rainfall workshops were held in Beijing(2011),Petaling Jaya(2012),and New Delhi(2015)to benefit scientists worldwide and forecasters from the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services.An international Research and Development Project,namely,the Southern China Monsoon rainfall Experiment(SCMREX)[2]was established in 2013 to coordinate field campaign experiments and to conduct scientific research on presummer(April-June)heavy rainfall processes in southern China.

关键词： China. rainfall monsoon

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