检索结果-南通市图书馆

racial disparity in colorectal cancer: Gut microbiome and cancer stem cells

World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第9期8卷 279-287页

作者： Sachin Goyal Pratima Nangia-Makke Lulu Farhana Yingjie Yu Adhip PN Majumdar Department of Internal Medicine John D Dingell VA Medical Center Detroit MI 48201 United States Department of Internal Medicine Wayne State University Detroit MI 48201 United States Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI 48201 United States

Over the past two decades there has been remarkable progress in cancer diagnosis, treatment and screening. The basic mechanisms leading to pathogenesis of various types of cancers are also understood better and some patients, if diagnosed at a particular stage go on to lead a normal pre-diagnosis life. Despite these achievements, racial disparity in some cancers remains a mystery. The higher incidence, aggressiveness and mortality of breast, prostate and colorectal cancers(CRCs) in AfricanAmericans as compared to Caucasian-Americans are now well documented. The polyp-carcinoma sequence in CRC and easy access to colonic epithelia or colonic epithelial cells through colonoscopy/colonic effluent provides the opportunity to study colonic stem cells early in course of natural history of the disease. With the advent of metagenomic sequencing, uncultivable organisms can now be identified in stool and their numbers correlated with the effects on colonic epithelia. It would be expected that these techniques would revolutionize our understanding of the racial disparity in CRC and pave a way for the same in other cancers as well. Unfortunately, this has not happened. Our understanding of the underlying factors responsible in African-Americans for higher incidence and mortality from colorectal carcinoma remains minimal. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data on role of microbiome and cancer stem cells in racial disparity in CRC. This will provide a platform for further research on this topic.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Cancer stem cells racial disparity Microbiome MiRNA

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

racial Provocation Induces Cortisol Responses in African-Americans

引用

Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2013年第4期2卷 151-157页

作者： Ali A. Weinstein Angela Termini Joshua B. Kazman Stacey A. Zeno Preetha Abraham Patricia A. Deuster Center for the Study of Chronic Illness and Disability George Mason University Fairfax USA Department of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda USA

Purpose: To examine salivary cortisol responses to a racially-charged stimulus in a group of African-American individuals. Methods: A nonrandom sample of 245 (age: 43.8 ± 11.1 years;64% female) African-American individuals was recruited by advertisements. Specifically, salivary cortisol was assessed prior to and after being exposed to a racially-charged movie clip. In addition, the salivary cortisol was assessed in?the morning and evening of the day following exposure to the racially-charged movie clip. Results: A statistically significant increase in cortisol was found (P 0.005) in the whole sample. High cortisol responders (highest tertile) and low cortisol responders (lowest tertile) were compared. The high cortisol responders had an elevated cortisol level the following morning (P 0.05) that abated by the evening sample (P > 0.20). In addition, the high cortisol responders who were younger, had lower waist to hip ratios, and experienced less lifetime discrimination than the low cortisol responders (P’s 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of an increase in cortisol in response to a racial provocation may provide a potential explanatory factor for the increased rates of cardiovascular disease in African-American individuals.

关键词： Mental Stress racial Stressors Ethnicity Cardiovascular Disease

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

racial Disparities in Survival Outcomes of Prostate Cancer Patients after Surgery for Bone Metastases

引用

Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第4期4卷 27-36页

作者： Robert L. Satcher Oluwatosin Bamidele Patrick Lin Sue-Hwa Lin Bryan Moon Mike Hernandez Valerae Lewis Janice Chilton Department of Health Disparities Research The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA Department of Orthopedic Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA Department of Translational Molecular Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center Houston USA

Introduction: This study reviewed patients’ demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics to identify prognostic factors associated with survival of prostate cancer after developing bone metastases. We explored the racial disparities in these factors and how they relate with survival. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 79 men diagnosed with bone metastasis secondary to prostate cancer who underwent surgery at a single institution?from November 1977 to June 2011. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patients’ characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate characteristics of the survival distribution using two origination points—diagnosis and surgery. Cox hazard regression explored the relationship between prognostic factors and overall survival. Results: The majority of men were White (n = 63;80%) followed by Black (n = 7;9%), Hispanic (n = 7;9%), and Asian (n = 2;2%). Multivariate factors associated with poorer survival after bone metastasis surgery included race (Black), Gleason score > 8, and radiation treatment. Patients not receiving radiation had a longer survival experience relative to patients who received radiation before or after surgery (10.3 vs 6.5 months;P = 0.030). There was an association of PSA level at the time of bone metastasis diagnosis with survival following diagnosis but prior to surgery. The median time interval (Tm in months) between prostate cancer diagnosis and bone metastasis diagnosis was 39.1 (White), 31.2 (Hispanic), 15 (Blacks) and 43 (Asians). Patients with Tm m > 35 months (HR = 3.22;P Conclusion: The median survival and time interval from prostate cancer diagnosis to bone metastasis diagnosis was shorter in Blacks with respect to other races. The more aggressive nature of the disease in Blacks is likely due to the biology of the disease rather than access to treatment.

关键词： Metastasis Bone Prostate Cancer racial Gleason Score

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

An Analysis of Visible racial Discrimination In Invisible Man

引用

海外英语 2016年第7期 167-168页

作者：罗辉 College of Foreign Languages Shandong University of Science and Technology

Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison is regarded as one of the classical works in contemporary Black American Literature.By briefly analyzing the causes and effects of racial discrimination,the study aims to explore the blacks' responses to it.It is concluded that the hero,as an"invisible man",should accept his black identity,admitting the blacks' tradition and cultural identity,then he can find his self-belonging in the black community.

关键词： racial discrimination causes effects responses

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

racial Disparities in the United States Criminal Justice System:“With Liberty and Justice for All?”

引用

Journal of Philosophy Study 2019年第7期9卷 424-430页

作者： Remi Alapo David Rockefeller Institute for Peace and Leadership Inc. New YorkUSA

racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experience a higher and more unfair form of racial discrimination,racial profiling,police brutality,unfair sentencing,and mass incarceration for offences which are the same or less than those committed by White males.The rate of incarceration in the United States is five to eight times higher than most developed countries,and Black males constitute the largest percentage of inmates in the U.S.prison system.Once arrested,Black Americans are more likely to remain in prison longer,and await trial for minor offenses at a higher rate than Whites.Black and Latino males sentenced in state and federal courts face significantly greater odds of incarceration than White offenders for the same or even higher crimes.Vagins and McCurdy in a 2006 ACLU on“cracks in the system”reported that“There is no rational medical or penological reason for the 100:1 disparity between crack and powder cocaine and instead it causes an unjustified racial disparity in our penal system”(p.7).There is a racial disparity in the proportion of Black males in prison serving sentences of life without the possibility of parole(LWOP).In addition,The United States Criminal Justice System needs to be carefully examined as a top priority agenda needing immediate call of action that needs reform to guarantee the constitutional rights accorded to every American“with liberty and justice for all”.

关键词： civil rights civil liberties criminal justice reform racial inequalities Fair Sentencing Act(FSA) massincarceration racial discrimination prison privatization racism racial disparity racial justice reparations SenateBill S6098A U.S Criminal Justice System U.S.Prison System

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

racial Demographics in an Urban Movement Disorders Clinic

引用

Advances in Parkinson's Disease 2017年第3期6卷 86-92页

作者： Chantale O. Branson Luke Quehl Raymond James Janice Weinberg Anna D. Hohler Marie-Helene Saint-Hilaire Department of Neurology Boston University Medical Center Boston MA USA Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA

Objective: To assess the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) among African- Americans compared to non-Hispanic Whites in a tertiary urban Movement Disorders center. Background: Contributing factors in the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) based on race may improve health disparities in the United States. According to the largest study analyzing prevalence and incidence of PD among Medicare beneficiaries, the ratio of African-Americans (AA) to Caucasians in the general Medicare population is 9%, while the prevalence ratio of PD among AA compared to Caucasians is approximately 5%. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of African-American patients with PD in the movement disorders database at Boston Medical Center, which is the largest safety net hospital in New England. The demographics of the patients seen in the general neurology clinic are 30.57% AA and 38.06% non-Hispanic Caucasian. Results: The Movement disorders database included 488 patients, 327 of whom had PD. Of these, 287 were Caucasians and 18 were of African descent. Based on our clinic population the expected PD case ratio among AA compared to Caucasians was approximately 49%. The actual race ratio in patients of African descent compared to Caucasian was 6%, which was substantially lower than expected at Boston Medical Center. Conclusion: The demographics of the PD patients in our movement disorders clinic do not reflect the population at Boston Medical Center, or the demographics of our neurology clinic as a whole.

关键词： racial Demographics Urban Movement Disorders Clinic

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Research on the Change of American racial Discrimination from Studying The Twilight

引用

International English Education Research 2019年第1期 69-72页

作者：芮龙娇 Sanjiang University NanjingJiangsu 210000China

The Twilight has achieved a great success since its showing in America. It tells a love triangle story among a human-Bena, a vampire-Adward and a werewolf-Jacob. At the beginning of the movie, Adward and Jacob are in mutually hostile-dependent relationship because of their love for Beria, and this girl finally chooses Adward as her husband which greatly exacerbates the conflicts between them. But this choice is not only a choice of love but also a choice of race. Since Adward is white while Jacob is a native American. What is hidden behind this love fight is actually the struggle between the races in America. Therefore, discrimination still exist in American society. However, the relationship between Adward and Jacob has changed a lot in the third series of The Twilight when Beria is in danger. At that time, they band together and try their best to protect her. A lot of stories happen between them, and at the end of the movie, Adward and Jacob finally become good friends which indicates that American racial discrimination has also been eased with the development of society and other factors. Therefore, people can learn about the change of American racial discrimination through studying the change of relationship between Adward and Jacob.

关键词： Vampires Werewolves American racial discrimination change

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Age, socioeconomic features, and clinical factors predict receipt of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatic cancer

引用

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2019年第2期11卷 133-144页

作者： Sheila D Rustgi Sunil P Amin Michelle K Kim Satish Nagula Nikhil A Kumta Christopher J DiMaio Paolo Boffetta Aimee L Lucas Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Division of Gastroenterology Virginia Mason Medical Center Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is the recommended technique for biliary decompression in pancreatic cancer. Previous studies have suggested racial, socioeconomic and geographic differences in diagnosis,treatment and outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients.AIM To examine geographic, racial, socioeconomic and clinical factors associated with utilization of ERCP.METHODS Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results and linked Medicare claims data were used to identify pancreatic cancer patients between 2000-2011. Claims data were used to identify patients who had ERCP and other treatments. The primary outcome was receipt of ERCP. Chi-squared analyses were used to compare demographic information. Trends in use of ERCP over time were assessed using Cochran Armitage test. Adjusted odds ratios(aORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) for receipt ERCP were calculated using logistic regression,controlling for other characteristics.RESULTS Among 32510 pancreatic cancer patients, 14704(45.2%) underwent ERCP.Patients who had cancer located in the head of the pancreas(aOR 3.27, 95%CI:2.99-3.57), had jaundice(aOR 7.59, 95%CI: 7.06-8.17), cholangitis(aOR 4.22,95%CI: 3.71-4.81) or pruritus(aOR 1.42, 95%CI: 1.22-1.66) and lived in lower education zip codes(aOR 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04-1.24) were more likely to receive ERCP. In contrast, patients who were older(aOR 0.88, 95%CI: 0.83, 0.94), not married(aOR 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.98), and lived in a non-metropolitan area(aOR0.89, 95%CI: 0.82, 0.98) were less likely to receive ERCP. Compared to white patients, non-white/non-black patients(aOR 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70-0.97) were less likely to receive ERCP. Patients diagnosed later in the study period were less likely to receive ERCP(aOR 2004-2007 0.85, 95%CI: 0.78-0.92; aOR 2008-2011 0.76,95%CI: 0.70-0.83). After stratifying by indications for ERCP including jaundice,racial differences persisted(aOR black patients 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.95,nonwhite/nonblack patients 0.73, 95%CI: 0.58-0.91). Among patients with jaundice, tho

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Socioeconomic disparities racial disparities Jaundice Outcomes research

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Monster,Madman or Victim? The Judgment of Maycomb Society and the Mystery of Boo Radley from the Book To Kill A Mockingbird

引用

海外英语 2018年第19期 185-186,190页

作者：钟茵婷美国西部哈马尔世界联合学院

To Kill A Mockingbird is a novel written by Harper Lee. In the novel, Lee reveals the situation happened in Maycomb city and depicts Arthur(Boo) Radley, a mysterious hermit who is recognized as a madman by citizens. My paper is going to argue for Boo that he is not a madman, being locked out by his father; instead, he chooses to be a hermit due to the awfulness of the city:its prevalent gossip, its racial inequality and its lawless policies.

关键词： To Kill A Mockingbird Boo Radley Maycomb Society Gossip racial inequality lawless policies

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

About a Method of Recognition of Race and Ethnicity of Individuals Based on Portrait Photographs

引用

Intelligent Control and Automation 2014年第3期5卷 120-125页

作者： Tofiq Kazimov Shafagat Mahmudova Institute of Information Technology of ANAS Baku Azerbaijan

This article is devoted to developing a recognition method of race and ethnicity of individual based on portrait photographs. The reference image is formed based on selected geometric points of the face and a special algorithm for calculating the characteristic parameters of the images available in the database. Next, the original image is compared with the reference images of ethnic groups, and thus, the affiliation of the original image to a specific ethnic group is determined.

关键词： Recognition Race Ethnicity Ethnic Group racial Origin Identification Points

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：