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Antifertility effects of EP-1 (quinestrol and levonorgestrel) on Pacific rats (Rattus exulans)

Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 127-142页

作者： Jing LIU Feiyun TU Ming LIU Jichao WANG Zhibin ZHANG Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouHainanChina Secretariat Office International Society of Zoological Science and Society and Journal OfficeInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Pest rodents pose a serious threat to island *** control could be an alternative approach to control the impact of rodents on these *** this study,we examined the antifertility effects of EP-1 baits containing quinestrol(E)and levonorgestrel(P)using a dose of 50 ppm E and P at three different ratios(E:P ratio=1:2,1:1,and 2:1)on Pacific rats(Rattus exulans)in the Xisha Islands,Hainan,*** to the control group,all animals in EP-1 treatment groups showed significantly decreased food intake and body *** treated males,there were obvious abnormalities in testis structure and a significant decrease of relative seminal vesicle weight,but no significant effect on relative uterine and ovarian weights(g kg-1 body weight),or ovarian structure in *** 8%sucrose to the original 50-ppm baits(E:P ratio=1:1)significantly increased bait palatability for males and *** dose induced uterine edema and abnormalities of ovarian structure in females but had no significant negative effect on the relative testis,epididymis,and seminal vesicle weights(g kg-1 body weight)or sperm density in *** summary,50-ppm EP-1(1:1)baits have the potential to disrupt the fertility of females,and 8%sucrose addition to the EP-1 baits(E:P ratio=1:1)could improve bait *** dose disrupted the testis structure in *** studies are needed to improve bait acceptance and assess the antifertility effects of EP-1(1:1)on Pacific rats in captive breeding trials and underfield conditions.

关键词： EP-1 fertility control island biodiversity conservation levonorgestrel quinestrol Rattus exulans

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Fertility control of Rattus nitidus using quinestrol:effects on reproductive organs and social behavior

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第1期8卷 9-17页

作者： Quansheng LIU Jiao QIN Qin CHEN Deng WANG Dazhao SHI Guangdong Entomological Institute GuangzhouChina College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory on Wild Animal Conservation and Management GuangzhouChina

Fertility control has been identified by studies in the laboratory and the field as a more appropriate and long-term control strategy for rodent pests than lethal *** this study,we investigated the effects of quinestrol on mass of reproductive organs and on social behaviors in female and male Himalayan field rats(Rattus nitidus).A total of 16 adult females and 16 adult males were randomly assigned to 4 *** male and one female group were fed rice with 0.005%quinestrol by weight for 7 days,and another 2 groups were fed rice *** 7 days,rats were assigned to 10 min dyadic encounters between groups,and investigation,aggression,defense and attack latency were *** animals were killed on day 10,and reproductive organs were dissected and *** encounter data showed that there were obvious changes in social behaviors of quinestrol-treated *** significantly inhibited the investigative behavior of quinestrol-treated males toward control females in Rattus nitidus,but seldom affected investigation between control males and quinestrol-treated *** of control females toward quinestrol-treated males was higher than that of quinestrol-treated females,and defense of quinestrol-treated males toward control females was more remarkable than that of control *** remarkably decreased wet masses of epididymis and spermotophore in males and ovaries in females,but had no effect on wet masses of testes and uteri after quinestrol *** results indicate that the anti-fertility effects of quinestrol on *** are attributed to not only suppressing reproductive organs but also impacting social behaviors associated with territory defense and mate choice.

关键词： fertility control quinestrol Rattus nitidus rodent pest social behavior

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Recovery of fertility in quinestrol-treated or diethylstilbestroltreated mice:Implications for rodent management

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第3期12卷 250-259页

作者： Ming LIU Rongcan LUO Hao WANG Guangming CAO Yanling WANG State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Fertility control is an alternative strategy to traditional culling for the management of rodent *** studies have demonstrated that quinestrol is a potential contraceptive for male rodents,but the recovery of fertility in quinestrol-treated rodents has not been *** study used C57BL/6J mice to evaluate the recovery rate of male fertility after the administration of ***(DES),a non-steroid estrogenic compound,was used for *** groups of mice were treated with 1 mg/kg quinestrol,1 mg/kg DES,or castor oil separately for 7 *** mice were then killed on days 8,22 and 50 *** results indicated that the weight of epididymides and seminal vesicles decreased significantly on days 8 and 22 in quinestrol/DES-treated mice,with extensive histological changes in the seminiferous *** concentrations in the cauda epididymal fluid were significantly reduced on days 8 and 22 in both quinestrol and DES treatment groups and on day 50 for the DES,but not the quinestrol *** analysis revealed that DES-treated mice exhibited a higher proportion of abnormal sperm accumulation in the epididymis,indicating that the normal sperm transportation to the cauda epididymis was *** results indicate that the anti-fertility effects on male mice given quinestrol were of shorter duration than for those receiving DES at the dose of 1 mg/kg body weight.

关键词： diethylstilbestrol male infertility quinestrol recovery of fertility rodent fertility control

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Assessment of non-target toxicity effects of synthetic estradiol, quinestrol, in chickens

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1053-1062页

作者： Siyuan HE Xunjun ZHOU Yong WANG Meiwen ZHANG Kangjuan WU University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChangshaChina

Fertility control agents for the management of rodent populations are developing and *** the impacts on non-target species of consumption of these agents is *** present study assessed the non-target toxicity effects of quinestrol,a synthetic estrogen-based antifertility agent for managing rodent *** quinestrol doses administered to male and female(n=60 each)chickens through single oral gavage were 0(A),10(B),50(C),and 150(D)mg/kg body *** were assessed for effect on body weight,weight of vital and reproductive organs,reproductive hormones,histology of reproductive organs and egg laying rates after 15,30,and 135 days of *** did not induce mortality in chickens and its effects were time and dose *** 90%egg-laying rates were delayed by 30,60 for groups B and C compared with the control group,and group D did not reach the 90%egg-laying rate by 135 *** organs in males and females returned to normal levels within 30 and 135 days,*** the exception of the FSH concentration in group D,reproductive hormones of both sexes were similar to controls by 30 *** other signiﬁcant effects were *** present research demonstrated the safety of quinestrol on non-target species and facilitates recommendations for the general administration of quinestrol for rodent pest management.

关键词： anti-fertility agent chicken non-target effects quinestrol

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Antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis, and potential in managing rodent population under field conditions

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 108-126页

作者： Ajooni SIDHU Neena SINGLA Department of Zoology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjabIndia

Integrating fertility control techniques using steroid hormones after lethal control can help reduce post control rebuildup of rodent *** current study is thefirst to assess the antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat,Bandicota bengalensis which is the predominant rodent pest species in Southeast *** in different groups were fed bait containing 0.00%,0.01%,0.02%,and 0.03%quinestrol for 10 days in laboratory and evaluated immediately,and 15,30,and 60 days after treatment discontinuation for effect on reproduction and other antifertility *** of 0.03%quinestrol treatment for 15 days was also observed in managing rodent populations in groundnut *** resulted in average consumption of 19.53±1.80,67.63±5.50,and 246.67±1.78 mg/kg bwt active ingredient by three treated groups of rats,*** reproduction was observed in female rats mated with male rats treated with 0.03%quinestrol,even 30 days after cessation of ***-mortem examination showed a significant(Pquinestrol on the histomorphology of testis and cauda epididymis was observed,suggesting its effect on *** cell association and cell count in seminiferous tubules did not fully recover within 60 days of stopping *** of the effects of quinestrol treatment in groundnutfields showed greater reductions in rodent activity infields treated with 2%zinc phosphide followed by 0.03%quinestrol treatment as compared tofields treated with 2%zinc phosphide *** concludes that quinestrol has the potential to reduce fecundity and post control rebuildup of *** populations,but long-term studies

关键词： antifertility Bandicota bengalensis field evaluation quinestrol reversibility

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Anti-fertility effect of levonorgestrel and/or quinestrol on striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius):evidence from both laboratory and field experiments

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1041-1052页

作者： Xiaoning CHEN Xiang HOU Tuo FENG Ning HAN Jing WANG Gang CHANG Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Shaanxi Institute of ZoologyXi’anChina College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’anChina

The effect of combined levonorgestrel(P)and quinestrol(E)on the fertility of stripedﬁeld mouse(Apodemus agrarius)has not been *** performed a series of experiments in both the laboratory andﬁeld to assess the effect of P and/or E on the fertility of *** the laboratory,to test the time-dependent anti-fertility ef-fects of P and E,as well as their mixtures,90 male stripedﬁeld mice were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups(n=60),and a control group(n=30).Mice in 3 treatment groups were administered 1 of the 3 compounds(1 mg�kg–1[body weight]EP-1,0.34 mg�kg–1 E,0.66 mg�kg–1 P)for 3 successive days(another half for 7 suc-cessive days)via oral gavage;mice were then sacriﬁced 15 and 45 days after initiating the gavage ***ﬁndings indicated that E and EP-1 treatment,but not P or control treatment,signiﬁcantly decreased the sperm count in the caudal epididymis,as well as the weight of the testes,epididymides,and seminal ***,fer-tile female mice mated with E-and EP-1-treated males produced smaller *** data indicate that E and EP-1 can induce infertility in male *** theﬁeld,the population density of *** was signiﬁcantly inﬂu-enced by EP-1,and the rodent density in the treatment group was lower than that in the control ***,our results indicate that EP-1 is an effective contraceptive in ***,a dominant rodent species in the farmland.

关键词： Apodemus agrarius fertility control levonorgestrel quinestrol

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Antifertility effects of levonorgestrel,quinestrol,and their mixture(EP-1)on plateau zokor in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1002-1016页

作者： Yukun KANG Yuchen TAN Chan WANG Baohui YAO Kang AN Ming LIU Junhu SU College of Grassland Science Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem(Ministry of Education)Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina International Society of Zoological Sciences BeijingChina

The plateau zokor(Eospalax baileyi)is a key species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ecosystem,and fertility control could be an ideal approach to manage populations of this subterranean *** this laboratory study,we explored the effects of the mixture of levonorgestrel and quinestrol(EP-1,1:2),quinestrol(E),and levonorgestrel(P)on the reproductive status of plateau *** of 5 animals of each sex were treated with different concentrations of EP-1(1,5,and 10 mg/kg),E(0.33,3.3,and 6.6 mg/kg),and P(0.67,3.35,and 6.7 mg/kg)by oral gavage over 7 successive days and killed on day *** mass reduction was observed in the EP-1 and E ***-1 and E signiﬁcantly reduced the weight of testis and epididymis at 10 and 3.3 mg/kg,*** count and motility were signiﬁcantly reduced by 5 mg/kg EP-1 and 0.33 mg/kg *** levels of serum testosterone,estradiol,luteinizing hormone,and follicle stimulating hormone were signiﬁcantly reduced by 5 mg/kg EP-1 and 3.3 mg/kg ***-1 and E signiﬁcantly increased the uterine and ovarian weights at 10 and 3.3 mg/kg,*** the plateau zokors,treatment with P had no inﬂuence on the reproductive *** data demonstrate that EP-1 and E have an inhibitory effect on a range of reproductive parameters in the plateau *** assessment is required to determine the effects on breeding and recruitment in enclosure orﬁeld experiments.

关键词： EP-1 fertility inhibition levonorgestrel quinestrol subterranean rodent

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Impact of fertility versus mortality control on the demographics of Mastomys natalensis in maize fields

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1028-1040页

作者： Christopher I.IMAKANDO GMandela FERNÁNDEZ-GRANDON Grant R.SINGLETON Steven R.BELMAIN Natural Resources Institute University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeKentUK Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences Copperbelt UniversityKitweZambia

The multimammate mouse,Mastomys natalensis,is the most common rodent pest species in sub-Saharan ***,rodenticides are the preferred method used to reduce the population of rodent pests,but this method poses direct and indirect risks to humans and other non-target *** control is a promising alternative that has been argued to be a more sustainable and humane method for controlling rodent *** this study,we compared the effectiveness of fertility control bait EP-1(quinestrol(E)and levonorgestrel(P),10 ppm)and an anticoagulant rodenticide bait(bromadiolone,50 ppm)on the population dynamics of *** in maizeﬁelds in Zambia during 2 cropping *** was the most abundant species in maizeﬁelds(77%of total captures).Fertility control reduced the number of juveniles and suppressed population growth of *** at the end of the 2019–2020 cropping *** population density initially decreased after rodenticide treatment,but the population rapidly recovered through *** of the treatments inﬂuenced maize damage by rodents at germination(F2,67=1.626,P=0.204).Applying the treatments during the maize seeding time was effective at suppressing population growth at the end of the cropping season than application the month before maize *** research indicates that a single-dose delivery of EP-1 and rodenticide have comparable effects on the population dynamics of ***ﬁndings are important in developing fertility control protocols for rodent pest populations to reduce maize crop damage and improve yields.

关键词： ecologically based rodent management levonorgestrel multimammate mouse quinestrol rodent pests rodenticide

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The status of fertility control for rodents—recent achievements and future directions

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 964-980页

作者： Kyra JACOBLINNERT Jens JACOB Zhibin ZHANG Lyn A.HINDS Julius Kühn-Institute(JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and ForestsVertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany Department of Behavioral Biology University OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CSIRO Health and Biosecurity CanberraACTAustralia

Management of overabundant rodents at a landscape scale is complex but often required to sustainably reduce rodent abundance below damage *** conventional techniques such as poisoning are not species speciﬁc,with some approaches becoming increasingly unacceptable to the general *** control,ﬁrst proposed for vertebrate pest management over 5 decades ago,has gained public acceptance because it is perceived as a potentially more species-speciﬁc and humane approach compared with many lethal *** ideal fertility control agent needs to induce infertility across one or more breeding seasons,be easily delivered to an appro-priate proportion of the population,be species speciﬁc with minimal side-effects(behavioral or social structure changes),and be environmentally benign and cost *** date,effective fertility control of rodents has not been demonstrated at landscape scales and very few products have achieved *** targets for fertility control include disrupting the hormonal feedback associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,gonad function,fertilization,and/or early *** review progress on the oral delivery of various agents for which laboratory studies have demonstrated efﬁcacy in females and/or males and synthesize progress with the development and/or use of synthetic steroids,plant extracts,ovarian speciﬁc peptides,and immunocontracep-tive *** are promising results forﬁeld application of synthetic steroids(levonorgestrel,quinestrol),chemosterilants(4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide),and some plant extracts(triptolide).For most fertility control agents,more research is essential to enable their efﬁcient and cost-effective delivery such that rodent impacts at a population level are mitigated and food security is improved.

关键词： ecologically based rodent management levonorgestrel quinestrol triptolide 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide

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Impact of contraceptive hormones on the reproductive potential of male and female commensal black rats (Rattus rattus)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 991-1001页

作者： Mwajabu SELEMANI Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Apia W.MASSAWE Ginethon MHAMPHI Loth S.MULUNGU Steven R.BELMAIN Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich KentUK

The black rat is considered one of the world’s top *** increased restrictions on rodenticides,new alternatives to manage rats are urgently *** on the use of contraceptive hormones,levonorgestrel(LE),and quinestrol(QU),have been evaluated against some rodent species,and this research is theﬁrst study to assess these on black *** were incorporated into rodent bait at 10 and 50 ppm concentrations singly and in combination(EP-1).Groups of 10 animals of each sex were fed the baits over 7 *** bait consumption was observed with slight body mass *** dissection,it was observed that the uterus was in a state of edema and male reproductive organs weighed less with reduced sperm counts/*** 2 most promising baits,50 ppm QU and EP-1,were used to assess impact on pregnancy and litter *** was reduced from 70%success when both males and females consumed untreated bait,down to 30%when males had consumed contraceptive bait but females had not,and down to 0%when females had consumed contraceptive bait,regardless of whether they had paired with a treated or untreated *** size in the untreated pairs was 8 pups,but only 4 pups in those cases where the male only had consumed the *** studies should investigate how long the effect lasts and its *** studies at the population level may also shed light on the practicality of using contraceptive baits for black rats in different habitats.

关键词： contraceptive bait ecologically based rodent management fertility control levonorgestrel quinestrol

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