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quantum simulation of Hofstadter butterfly with synthetic gauge fields on two-dimensional superconducting-qubit lattices

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Frontiers of physics 2023年第6期18卷 283-290页

作者： Wei Feng Dexi Shao Guo-Qiang Zhang Qi-Ping Su Jun-Xiang Zhang Chui-Ping Yang School of Physics Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Motivated by recent realizations of two-dimensional(2D)superconducting-qubit lattices,we propose a protocol to simulate Hofstadter butterfly with synthetic gauge fields in superconducting circuits.Based on the existing 2D superconducting-qubit lattices,we construct a generalized Hofstadter model on zigzag lattices,which has a fractal energy spectrum similar to the original Hofstadter butterfly.By periodically modulating the resonant frequencies of qubits,we engineer a synthetic gauge field to mimic the generalized Hofstadter Hamiltonian.A spectroscopic method is used to demonstrate the Hofstadter butterfly from the time evolutions of experimental observables.We numerically simulate the dynamics of the system with realistic parameters,and the results show a butterfly spectrum clearly.Our proposal provides a promising way to realize the Hofstadter butterfly on the latest 2D superconducting-qubit lattices and will stimulate the quantum simulation of novel properties induced by magnetic fields in superconducting circuits.

关键词： quantum simulation superconducting circuits superconducting qubit quantum computation

quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories on superconducting circuits:quantum phase transition and quench dynamics

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第2期31卷 217-222页

作者：葛自勇黄瑞珍孟子杨范桁 Beijing Nntional Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Kuvli Institute for Theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics The University of Hong Kong.Hong Kong SARChina CAS Center for Excellence in Topological quantum Computation.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100190 China

Recently,quantum simulation of low-dimensional lattice gauge theories(LGTs)has attracted many interests,which may improve our understanding of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems.Here,we propose an implementation to approximate Z;LGT on superconducting quantum circuits,where the effective theory is a mixture of a LGT and a gauge-broken term.By using matrix product state based methods,both the ground state properties and quench dynamics are systematically investigated.With an increase of the transverse(electric)field,the system displays a quantum phase transition from a disordered phase to a translational symmetry breaking phase.In the ordered phase,an approximate Gauss law of the Z;LGT emerges in the ground state.Moreover,to shed light on the experiments,we also study the quench dynamics,where there is a dynamical signature of the spontaneous translational symmetry breaking.The spreading of the single particle of matter degree is diffusive under the weak transverse field,while it is ballistic with small velocity for the strong field.Furthermore,due to the emergent Gauss law under the strong transverse field,the matter degree can also exhibit confinement dynamics which leads to a strong suppression of the nearest-neighbor hopping.Our results pave the way for simulating the LGT on superconducting circuits,including the quantum phase transition and quench dynamics.

关键词： quantum simulation superconducting circuits lattice gauge theories

quantum simulation of τ-anti-pseudo-Hermitian two-level systems

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第10期31卷 182-188页

作者：郑超 Department of Physics College of ScienceNorth China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China

Different from the Hermitian case, non-Hermitian(NH) systems have novel properties and strongly relate to open and dissipative quantum systems. In this work, we investigate how to simulate τ-anti-pseudo-Hermitian systems in a Hermitian quantum device using linear combinations of unitaries and duality quantum algorithm. Specifying the τ to time-reversal(T) and parity-time-reversal(PT) operators, we construct the two NH two-level systems, design quantum circuits including three qubits, and decide the quantum gates explicitly in detail. We also calculate the success probabilities of the simulation.Experimental implementation can be expected in small quantum simulator.

关键词： quantum simulation linear combination of unitaries non-Hermitian anti-pseudo-Hermitian

quantum simulation of particle pair creation near the event horizon

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National Science Review 2020年第9期7卷 1476-1484页

作者： Yao Wang Chong Sheng Yong-Heng Lu Jun Gao Yi-Jun Chang Xiao-Ling Pang Tian-Huai Yang Shi-Ning Zhu Hui Liu Xian-Min Jin Center for Integrated quantum Information Technologies (IQIT) School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in quantum Information and quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China

Though it is still a big challenge to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics in modern physics, the theory of quantum field related with the gravitational effect has been well developed and some striking phenomena are predicted, such as Hawking radiation. However, the direct measurement of these quantum effects under general relativity is far beyond present experiment techniques. Fortunately, the emulation of general relativity phenomena in the laboratory has become accessible in recent years. However, up to now,these simulations are limited either in classical regime or in flat space whereas quantum simulation related with general relativity is rarely involved. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a quantum evolution of fermions in close proximity to an artificial black hole on a photonic chip. We successfully observe the acceleration behavior, quantum creation, and evolution of a fermion pair near the event horizon:a single-photon wave packet with positive energy escapes from the black hole while negative energy is captured. Our extensible platform not only provides a route to access quantum effects related with general relativity, but also has the potentiality to investigate quantum gravity in future.

关键词： quantum simulation general relativity transform optics particle pair creation black hole

quantum simulation of a general anti-PT-symmetric Hamiltonian with a trapped ion qubit

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Fundamental Research 2023年第6期3卷 904-908页

作者： Ji Bian Pengfei Lu Teng Liu Hao Wu Xinxin Rao Kunxu Wang Qifeng Lao Yang Liu Feng Zhu Le Luo School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Center of quantum Information Technology Shenzhen Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518087China State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Sun Yat-Sen University(Guangzhou Campus)Guangzhou 510275China

Non-Hermitian systems satisfying parity-time(PT)symmetry have aroused considerable interest owing to their exotic features.Anti-PT symmetry is an important counterpart of the symmetry,and has been studied in various classical systems.Although a Hamiltonian with anti-PT symmetry only differs from its PT-symmetric counterpart in a global phase,the information and energy exchange between systems and environment are different under them.It is also suggested theoretically that anti-PT symmetry is a useful concept in the context of quantum information storage with qubits coupled to a bosonic bath.So far,the observation of anti-PT symmetry in individual quantum systems remains elusive.Here,we implement an anti-PT-symmetric Hamiltonian of a single qubit in a single trapped ion by a designed microwave and optical control-pulse sequence.We characterize the anti-PT phase transition by mapping out the eigenvalues at different ratios between coupling strengths and dissipation rates.The full information of the quantum state is also obtained by quantum state tomography.Our work allows quantum simulation of genuine open-system feature of an anti-PT-symmetric system,which paves the way for utilizing non-Hermitian properties for quantum information processing.

关键词： Open quantum system Non-Hermitian quantum mechanics Parity-time symmetry Anti-parity-time symmetry quantum simulation

quantum simulation of molecular interaction and dynamics at surfaces

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Frontiers of physics 2011年第3期6卷 294-308页

作者： Zi-jing DING Yang JIAO Sheng MENG Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

The interaction between molecules and solid surfaces plays important roles in various applications, including catalysis, sensors, nanoelectronies, and solar cells. Surprisingly, a full understanding of molecule-surface interaction at the quantum mechanical level has not been achieved even for very simple molecules, such as water. In this mini-review, we report recent progresses and current status of studies on interaction between representative molecules and surfaces. Taking water/metal, DNA bases/carbon nanotube, and organic dye molecule/oxide as examples, we focus on the understanding on the microstructure, electronic property, and electron-ion dynamics involved in these systems obtained from first-principles quantum mechanical calculations. We find that a quantum mechanical description of molecule surface interaction is essential for understanding interface phenomenon at the microscopic level, such as wetting. New theoretical developments, including van der Waals density functional and quantum nuclei treatment, improve further our understanding of surface interactions.

关键词： adsorption quantum simulation density functional theory electronic structure electrondynamics

A concise review of Rydberg atom based quantum computation and quantum simulation

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第2期30卷 1-22页

作者：吴晓凌梁昕晖田曜齐杨帆陈丞刘永椿郑盟锟尤力 State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional quantum Physics Department of PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Frontier Science Center for quantum Information Beijing 100084China Beijing Academy of quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China

quantum information processing based on Rydberg atoms emerged as a promising direction two decades ago.Recent experimental and theoretical progresses have shined exciting light on this avenue.In this concise review,we will briefly introduce the basics of Rydberg atoms and their recent applications in associated areas of neutral atom quantum computation and simulation.We shall also include related discussions on quantum optics with Rydberg atomic ensembles,which are increasingly used to explore quantum computation and quantum simulation with photons.

关键词： quantum computation quantum simulation Rydberg atom quantum nonlinear optics

quantum computation and simulation with superconducting qubits

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第8期30卷 1-17页

作者：何楷泳耿霄黄汝田刘建设陈炜 School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing 100084China Tsinghua University Future Chip Technology Advanced Innovation Center Beijing 100084China

Superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions are regarded as one of the most promising technologies for the implementation of scalable quantum computers.This review presents the basic principles of superconducting qubits and shows the progress of quantum computing and quantum simulation based on superconducting qubits in recent years.The experimental realization of gate operations,readout,error correction codes,as well as some quantum algorithms are summarized,followed by an introduction of quantum simulation.And then some important applications in fields including condensed matter physics,quantum annealing,and quantum chemistry are discussed.

关键词： quantum computation quantum simulation superconducting qubit

Review of quantum simulation based on Rydberg many-body system

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第2期30卷 35-44页

作者：张正源丁冬生史保森 Key Laboratory of quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

quantum simulation has been developed extensively over the past decades,widely applied to different models to explore dynamics in the quantum regime.Rydberg atoms have strong dipole-dipole interactions and interact with each other over a long distance,which makes it straightforward to build many-body interacting quantum systems to simulate specific models.Additionally,neutral atoms are easily manipulated due to their weak interactions.These advantages make Rydberg many-body system an ideal platform to implement quantum simulations.This paper reviews several quantum simulations for different models based on Rydberg many-body systems,including quantum Ising models in one dimension and two dimensions mainly for quantum magnetism,XY model for excitation transport,SSH model for symmetry-protected topological phases,and critical self-organized behaviors in many-body systems.Besides,some challenges and promising directions of quantum simulations based on Rydberg many-body system are discussed in this paper.

关键词： many-body quantum simulation Rydberg