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Acousto-optic modulator-based bi-frequency interferometer for quantum technology

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Chinese optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 186-191页

作者：李文奇邓琦琦郭学石李小英 College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information TechnologyMinistry of EducationTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

We demonstrate a high-performance acousto-optic modulator-based bi-frequency interferometer,which can realize either beating or beating free interference for a single-photon level quantum state.Visibility and optical efficiency of the interferometer are(99.5±0.2)%and(95±1)%,respectively.The phase of the interferometer is actively stabilized by using a dithering phase-locking scheme,where the phase dithering is realized by directly driving the acousto-optic modulators with a specially designed electronic signal.We further demonstrate applications of the interferometer in quantum technology,including bi-frequency coherent combination,frequency tuning,and optical switching.These results show the interferometer is a versatile device for multiple quantum technologies.

关键词： bi-frequency interferometer acousto-optic modulator quantum optics quantum manipulation

On-chip frequency combs and telecommunications signal processing meet quantum optics

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2018年第2期11卷 134-147页

作者： Christian REIMER Yanbing ZHANG Piotr ROZTOCKI Stefania SCIARA Luis Romero CORTES Mehedi ISLAM Bennet FISCHER Benjamin WETZEL Alfonso Carmelo CINO Sai Tak CHU Brent LITTLE David MOSS Lucia CASPANI Jose AZANA Michael KUES Roberto MORANDOTTI Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Energie Matrriaux et Telecommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet Varennes Qurbec J3X 1S2 Canada Department of Energy Information Engineering and Mathematical Models University of Palermo Palermo Italy Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Sussex Falmer Brighton BN1 9QH UK Department of Physics and Material Science City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong China State Key Laboratory of Transient optics and Photonics Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710119 China Centre for Micro Photonics Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia Institute of Photonics Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK School of Engineering University of Glasgow Rankine Building Oakfield Avenue Glasgow G 12 8LT UK Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China National Research University of Information Technologies Mechanics and Optics St Petersburg 197101 Russia

Entangled optical quantum states are essential towards solving questions in fundamental physics and are at the heart of applications in quantum information science. For advancing the research and development of quantum technologies, practical access to the generation and manipulation of photon states carrying significant quantum resources is required. Recently, integrated photonics has become a leading platform for the compact and cost- efficient generation and processing of optical quantum states. Despite significant advances, most on-chip non- classical light sources are still limited to basic bi-photon systems formed by two-dimensional states （i.e., qubits）. An interesting approach beating large potential is the use of the time or frequency domain to enabled the scalable on- chip generation of complex states. In this manuscript, we review recent efforts in using on-chip optical frequency combs for quantum state generation and telecommunica- tions components for their coherent control. In particular, the generation of bi- and multi-photon entangled qubit states has been demonstrated, based on a discrete time domain approach. Moreover, the on-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled states （quDits） has recentlybeen realized, wherein the photons are created in a coherent superposition of multiple pure frequency modes. The time- and frequency-domain states formed with on-chip frequency comb sources were coherently manipulated via off-the-shelf telecommunications compo- nents. Our results suggest that microcavity-based entangled photon states and their coherent control using accessible telecommunication infrastructures can open up new venues for scalable quantum information science.

关键词： nonlinear optics quantum optics entangledphotons

Influence of Kerr Effect on Second-Order Nonlinearity Induced Transparency

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2024年第1期29卷 67-73页

作者： ZHANG Zhiqiang ZHOU Yanhui College of Architectural Engineering Zhengzhou Business UniversityZhengzhou 451200HenanChina quantum Information Research Center Shangrao Normal UniversityShangrao 334001JiangxiChina

We theoretically study the effect of Kerr effect on the second-order nonlinearity induced transparency in a double-resonant optical cavity system.We show that in the presence of the Kerr effect,as the strength of the Kerr effect increases,the absorption curve exhibits an asymmetric-symmetric-asymmetric transition,and the zero absorption point shifts with the increase of the Kerr effect.Furthermore,by changing the strength of the Kerr effect,we can control the width of the transparent window,and the position of the zero-absorption point and meanwhile change the left and right width of the absorption peak.The asymmetry absorption curve can be employed to improve the quality factor of the cavity when the frequency detuning is tuned to be around the right peak.The simple dependence of the zeroabsorption point on the strength of Kerr effect suggests that the strength of Kerr effect can be measured by measuring the position of the zero-absorption point in a possible application.

关键词： Kerr effect second-order nonlinearity induced transparency nonlinear optics quantum optics

A new bipartite entangled state describing the parametric down-conversion process and its applications in quantum optics

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第10期21卷 87-91页

作者：孟祥国王继锁张晓燕 Department of Physics Liaocheng University Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Polarization and Information Technology College of Physics and EngineeringQufu Normal University Department of Physics Heze University

We construct a new bipartite entangled state（NBES）,which describes both the squeezing and the entanglement involved in the parametric down-conversion process and can be produced using a symmetric beam splitter.Constructing asymmetric ket-bra integrations based on the NBES leads to some new squeezing operators,which clearly exhibit the relationships between squeezing and entangled state transformations.Moreover,an entangled Wigner operator with a definite physical meaning is also presented.

关键词： new bipartite entangled state quantum optics beam splitter squeezing operator entangled Wigner operator

Integrated sources of photon quantum states based on nonlinear optics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 370-381页

作者： Lucia Caspani Chunle Xiong Benjamin J Eggleton Daniele Bajoni Marco Liscidini Matteo Galli Roberto Morandotti David J Moss Institute of Photonics Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G11RDUK Institute of Photonics and quantum Sciences Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUK Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems(CUDOS) Institute of Photonics and Optical Science(IPOS)School of PhysicsUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione Universitàdi Paviavia Ferrata 127100PaviaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdi Paviavia Bassi 627100 PaviaItaly INRS-EMT 1650 Boulevard Lionel-BouletVarennesQuébec J3X 1S2Canada Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China National Research University of Information Technologies Mechanics and OpticsSt.PetersburgRussia Center for Microphotonics Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthornVictoria3122 Australia

The ability to generate complex optical photon states involving entanglement between multiple optical modes is not only critical to advancing our understanding of quantum mechanics but will play a key role in generating many applications in quantum technologies.These include quantum communications,computation,imaging,microscopy and many other novel technologies that are constantly being proposed.However,approaches to generating parallel multiple,customisable bi-and multi-entangled quantum bits(qubits)on a chip are still in the early stages of development.Here,we review recent advances in the realisation of integrated sources of photonic quantum states,focusing on approaches based on nonlinear optics that are compatible with contemporary optical fibre telecommunications and quantum memory platforms as well as with chip-scale semiconductor technology.These new and exciting platforms hold the promise of compact,low-cost,scalable and practical implementations of sources for the generation and manipulation of complex quantum optical states on a chip,which will play a major role in bringing quantum technologies out of the laboratory and into the real world.

关键词： entanglement integrated optics nonlinear optics photon pairs quantum optics quantum states

Optical neural network quantum state tomography

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Advanced Photonics 2022年第2期4卷 91-97页

作者： Ying Zuo Chenfeng Cao Ningping Cao Xuanying Lai Bei Zeng Shengwang Du The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of PhysicsHong KongChina University of Guelph Department of Mathematics and StatisticsGuelphOntarioCanada University of Waterloo Institute for Quantum ComputingWaterlooOntarioCanada The University of Texas at Dallas Department of PhysicsRichardsonTexasUnited States

quantum state tomography(QST)is a crucial ingredient for almost all aspects of experimental quantum information processing.As an analog of the“imaging”technique in quantum settings,QST is born to be a data science problem,where machine learning techniques,noticeably neural networks,have been applied extensively.We build and demonstrate an optical neural network(ONN)for photonic polarization qubit QST.The ONN is equipped with built-in optical nonlinear activation functions based on electromagnetically induced transparency.The experimental results show that our ONN can determine the phase parameter of the qubit state accurately.As optics are highly desired for quantum interconnections,our ONN-QST may contribute to the realization of optical quantum networks and inspire the ideas combining artificial optical intelligence with quantum information studies.

关键词： optical neural network quantum state tomography quantum optics

Optimizing Raman quantum memory with dynamic phase

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 61-71页

作者： Sheng MING Jinxian GUO Yuan WU Guzhi BAO Shuhe WU Minwei SHI Liqing CHEN Weiping ZHANG School of Physics and Astronomy and Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Research Center for quantum Sciences State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy Quantum Institute of Atom and Light Department of PhysicsEast China Normal University Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme optics Shanxi University Shanghai Branch Hefei National Laboratory

Optical quantum memory is a key component of emerging quantum technologies and applications. One of the most promising protocols, far-off-resonant Raman memory, is still beset by its efficiency.Until now, the only effective method for enhancing its efficiency in experiments has been the intensity modulation method on the control field, while the experimental demonstrations still fail to meet the theoretical expectation. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate how to optimize the Raman quantum memory process using a new method called phase modulation; 52.7% total memory efficiency is realized by applying a phase modulation on the control field with a near-square intensity waveform of the control field, thereby resulting in an increase in efficiency of 13.3% compared to the best case of no phase modulation. Additionally, a hybrid method, combining the phase and intensity modulations, is demonstrated with 87.3% memory efficiency. Such high-efficiency results in 99.0% unconditional fidelity even at near single photon level. The unconditional fidelity is always higher than that of the intensity method as the input photon number of the signal increases and can still beat the nonclone limit, even at 128.1 photons/pulse. Our phase modulation method has great potential applications in quantum information processing due to the advantages of low experimental requirements but an additional degree of freedom and high performance, especially for the high speed and high photon number state manipulation.

关键词： quantum information quantum optics quantum communication quantum memory Raman scattering

quantum squeezing enhancement based on phase-sensitive cascaded four-wave mixing processes

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第5期66卷 73-78页

作者： Yanbo Lou Yingxuan Chen Jiabin Wang Shengshuai Liu Jietai Jing State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy Joint Institute of Advanced Science and TechnologySchool of Physics and Electronic ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science Shanghai 201800China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

quantum squeezing is an important quantum resource for quantum metrology as it can improve the measurement precision.By enhancing the quantum squeezing level,the measurement precision can be further improved.Here,we experimentally implement quantum squeezing enhancement based on phase-sensitive cascaded four-wave mixing(CFWM)processes.The intensitydifference squeezing(IDS)between the two outputs of the phase-sensitive CFWM processes is enhanced to about 7.42 dB compared with IDS generated by the single four-wave mixing(FWM)process(about 3.31 or 4.01 dB).Such enhancement is enabled by both the intrinsic interference nature of phase-sensitive CFWM processes and the contribution of more gain from the two FWM processes.In addition,we measure IDS levels generated by phase-sensitive CFWM processes at different internalphase-locking points,which shows that the internal phase plays an important role in IDS enhancement.Our scheme provides a new method for improving the degree of IDS and may find potential applications in enhancing the measurement precision in quantum metrology.

关键词： quantum optics quantum squeezing four-wave mixing

Universal bound on sampling bosons in linear optics and its computational implications

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 719-729页

作者： Man-Hong Yung Xun Gao Joonsuk Huh Shenzhen Institute for quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Central Research Institute Huawei Technologies Center for quantum Information Institute for Interdisciplinary Information SciencesTsinghua University Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University

In linear optics, photons are scattered in a network through passive optical elements including beam splitters and phase shifters, leading to many intriguing applications in physics, such as Mach–Zehnder interferometry, the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, and tests of fundamental quantum mechanics. Here we present the fundamental limit in the transition amplitudes of bosons, applicable to all physical linear optical networks. Apart from boson sampling, this transition bound results in many other interesting applications,including behaviors of Bose–Einstein condensates(BEC) in optical networks, counterparts of Hong–Ou–Mandel effects for multiple photons, and approximating permanents of matrices. In addition,this general bound implies the existence of a polynomial-time randomized algorithm for estimating the transition amplitudes of bosons, which represents a solution to an open problem raised by Aaronson and Hance(quantum Inf Comput 2012; 14: 541–59). Consequently, this bound implies that computational decision problems encoded in linear optics, prepared and detected in the Fock basis, can be solved efficiently by classical computers within additive errors. Furthermore, our result also leads to a classical sampling algorithm that can be applied to calculate the many-body wave functions and the S-matrix of bosonic particles.

关键词： boson sampling quantum optics quantum supremacy linear optics computational complexity