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Effect of electromagnetic disturbance on the practical QKD system in the smart grid

Chinese Physics B 2014年第12期23卷 177-181页

作者：李芳毅王东王双李默银振强李宏伟陈巍韩正甫 Key Laboratory of quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences Synergetic Innovation Center of quantum Information and quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China

To improve the security of the smart grid, quantum key distribution（QKD） is an excellent choice. The rapid fluctuations on the power aerial optical cable and electromagnetic disturbance in substations are two main challenges for implementation of QKD. Due to insensitivity to birefringence of the channel, the stable phase-coding Faraday–Michelson QKD system is very practical in the smart grid. However, the electromagnetic disturbance in substations on this practical QKD system should be considered. The disturbance might change the rotation angle of the Faraday mirror, and would introduce an additional quantum bit error rate（QBER）. We derive the new fringe visibility of the system and the additional QBER from the electromagnetic disturbance. In the worst case, the average additional QBER only increases about 0.17% due to the disturbance, which is relatively small to normal QBER values. We also find the way to degrade the electromagnetic disturbance on the QKD system.

关键词： Faraday mirror electromagnetic disturbance quantum key distribution quantum bit error rate smart grid

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Eavesdropping on quantum Secure Direct Communication with W State in Noisy Channel

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2008年第1期49卷 103-106页

作者： YUAN Hao LIU Yin-Min ZHANG Wen ZHANG Zhan-Jun Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Acquisition ＆ Manipulation of Ministry of Education of China School of Physics ＆ Material Science Anhui University Hefei 230039 China Department of Physics Shaoguan University Shaoguan 512005 China

Security of the quantum secure direct communication protocol （i.e., the C-S QSDC protocol） recently proposed by Cao and Song [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 （2006） 290] is analyzed in the case of considerable quantum channel noise. The eavesdropping scheme is presented, which reveals that the C-S QSDC protocol is not secure if the quantum bit error rate （QBER） caused by quantum channel noise is higher than 4.17%. Our eavesdropping scheme induces about 4.17% QBER for those check qubits. However, such QBER can be hidden in the counterpart induced by the noisy quantum channel if the eavesdropper Eve replaces the original noisy channel by an ideal one. Furthermore, if the QBER induced by quantum channel noise is lower than 4.17%, then in the eavesdropping scheme Eve still can eavesdrop part of the secret messages by safely attacking a fraction of the transmitted qubits. Finally, an improvement on the C-S QSDC protocol is put forward.

关键词： eavesdropping quantum secure direct communication quantum bit error rate noise

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Security performance analysis and the parameters simulation of quantum virtual private network based on IPSec protocol

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2018年第5期25卷 1-11页

作者： Nie Min Tao Jin Yang Guang Sun Aijing Pei Changxing School of Communication and Information Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian University

Traditional virtual private networks（ VPNs） are conditional security. In order to ensure the security and confidentiality of user data transmission,a model of quantum VPN based on Internet protocol security（ IPSec）protocol is proposed. By using quantum keys for key distribution and entangled particles for identity authentication in the network,a secure quantum VPN is relized. The important parameters affecting the performance of the VPN was analyzed. The quantitative relationship between the security key generation rate,the quantum bit error rate（ QBER） and the transmission distance was obtained. The factors that affect the system throughput were also analyzed and simulated. Finally,the influence of the quantum noise channel on the entanglement swapping was analyzed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that,under a limited number of decoy states,with the transmission distance increased from 0 to 112. 5 km,the secure key generation rate was reduced from 5. 63 × 10^-3 to 1. 22 × 10^-5. When the number of decoy states is fixed,the QBER increases dramatically with the increase of the transmission distance,and the maximum reaches 0. 393. Analysis shows that various factors in communication have a significant impact on system throughput. The generation rate of the effective entanglement photon pairs have decisive effect on the system throughput. Therefore,in the process of quantum VPN communication,various parameters of the system should be properly adjusted to communicate within a safe transmission distance,which can effectively improve the reliability of the quantum communication system.

关键词： virtual private network quantum key identity authentication key generation rate quantum bit error rate throughput

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