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Recent Advances to Enhance Nutritional Quality of Rice

Rice science 2023年第6期30卷 523-536页

作者： Sundus ZAFAR XU Jianlong School of Life Sciences Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

The nutritional quality of rice is a major concern,along with the need to enhance productivity to feed the continuously growing ***,there is a requirement to breed high-yielding rice varieties with improved nutritional quality that can help combat malnutrition,a global health ***,breeding approaches have played a significant role in increasing rice yield while enhancing its nutritional *** addition to traditional breeding techniques,other recent approaches,such as genetic engineering,gene editing,omics methods,and agronomic practices,must also be employed to meet the nutritional needs of the current *** this review,we offered detailed information on the development of nutritionally improved rice varieties through the enhancement of protein content,microand macronutrients,vitamins,and oil quality using genetic engineering *** also identified QTLs associated with amino acids,proteins,and micronutrients in ***,omics approaches provide a range of tools and techniques for effectively exploring resources and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trait *** branches,including transcriptomics,proteomics,ionomics,and metabolomics,are efficiently utilized for improving rice ***,by utilizing the information obtained from these techniques and incorporating all of these recent approaches,we can effectively modify the rice genome,directly enhancing the nutritional value of rice *** will help address the challenges of malnutrition in the years to come.

关键词： rice nutritional quality quantitative trait locus genetic engineering omics gene editing

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A Rice NBS-ARC Gene Conferring quantitative Resistance to Bacterial Blight Is Regulated by a Pathogen Effector-Inducible miRNA

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Molecular Plant 2020年第12期13卷 1752-1767页

作者： Guanghuai Jiang Dongfeng Liu Dedong Yin Zhuangzhi Zhou Yue Shi Chunrong Li Lihuana Zhu and Wenxue Zhai Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

The bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae ***(Xoo)causes blight in rice worldwide,resulting in signifi-cant crop ***,no gene underlying a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for resistance against Xoo has been cloned ***,we report the map-based cloning of a QTL,in which the NBS8R gene confers quantitative resistance to ***8R encodes an NB-ARC protein,which is involved in pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and whose expression is regulated by non-TAL effector XopQ-inducible Osa-miR1876 through DNA *** analysis of NBS8R in wild rice species and rice cultivars suggests that the Osa-miR1876 binding sites in the 5'UTR of NBS8R are inserted by chance and have undergone variations with Osa-miR1876 throughout *** inter-action between NBS8R and XopQ-inducible Osa-miR1876 is partially in keeping with the zigzag model,revealing that quantitative genes may also follow this model to control the innate immune response or basal disease resistance,and may prove valuable in utilizing the existing landraces that harbor the NBS8R gene but with no Osa-miR1876 binding site in rice breeding for bacterial blight resistance.

关键词： quantitative trait locus disease resistance bacterial blight NB-ARC microRNA DNA methylation

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Genetic Dissection of Low Phosphorus Tolerance Related traits Using Selected Introgression Lines in Rice

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Rice science 2015年第6期22卷 264-274页

作者： XIANG Chao REN Jie ZHAO Xiu-qin DING Zai-song ZHANG Jing WANG Chao ZHANG Jun-wei Charles Augustino JOSEPH ZHANG Qiang PANG Yun-long GAO Yong-ming SHI Ying-yao Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural University Agricultural Bureau of Deqing

To dissect the genetic basis of low phosphorus tolerance （LPT）, 114 BC2F4 introgression lines （ILs） were developed from Shuhui 527 and Minghui 86 （recurrent parents）, and Yetuozai （donor parent）. The progenies were tested for 11 quantitative traits under three treatments including normal fertilization in normal soil （as control）, normal fertilization in barren soil and low phosphorus stress in barren soil in Langfang, Hebei Province, China. Moreover, the ILs were investigated at the seedling stage using nutrient solution culture method in greenhouse in Beijing, China. A total of 49 main-effect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） underlying yield related traits were identified in Langfang, and their contributions to phenotypic variations ranged from 6.7% to 16.5%. Among them, 25 （51.0%） QTLs had favorable alleles from donor parent. A total of 48 main-effect QTLs were identified for LPT-related traits in Beijing, and their contributions to phenotypic variations ranged from 7.7% to 16.6%. Among them, 21 （43.8%） QTLs had favorable alleles from donor parent. About 79.6% of the QTLs can be detected repeatedly under two or more treatments, especially QTLs associated with spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility and 1000-grain weight, displaying consistent phenotypic effects. Among all the detected QTLs, eight QTLs were simultaneously identified under low phosphorus stress across two environments. These results can provide useful information for the genetic dissection of LPT in rice.

关键词： rice phosphorus tolerance yield introgression line quantitative trait locus

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QTL analysis across multiple environments reveals promising chromosome regions associated with yield-related traits in maize under drought conditions

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 759-766页

作者： Xinmin Hu Guihua Wang Xuemei Du Hongwei Zhang Zhenxiang Xu Jie Wang Guo Chen Bo Wang Xuhui Li Xunji Chen Junjie Fu Jun Zheng Jianhua Wang Riliang Gu Guoying Wang Beijing Innovation Center for Crop Seed Technology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Crop Heterosis UtilizationMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi 830091XinjiangChina

Drought is one of the most critical abiotic stresses influencing maize yield. Improving maize cultivars with drought tolerance using marker-assisted selection requires a better understanding of its genetic basis. In this study, a doubled haploid(DH) population consisting of 217 lines was created by crossing the inbred lines Han 21(drought-tolerant) and Ye 478(drought-sensitive). The population was genotyped with a 6 K SNP assay and 756 SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism) markers were used to construct a linkage map with a length of 1344 c M. Grain yield(GY), ear setting percentage(ESP), and anthesis–silking interval(ASI) were recorded in seven environments under well-watered(WW) and water-stressed(WS) regimes. High phenotypic variation was observed for all traits under both water regimes. Using the LSMEAN(least-squares mean) values from all environments for each trait, 18 QTL were detected, with 9 associated with the WW and 9 with the WS regime. Four chromosome regions,Chr. 3: 219.8–223.7 Mb, Chr. 5: 191.5–194.7 Mb, Chr. 7: 132.2–135.6 Mb, and Chr. 10: 88.2–89.4 Mb, harbored at least 2 QTL in each region, and QTL co-located in a region inherited favorable alleles from the same parent. A set of 64 drought-tolerant BC_3F_6 lines showed preferential accumulation of the favorable alleles in these four regions, supporting an association between the four regions and maize drought tolerance. QTL-by-environment interaction analysis revealed 28 ed QTL(environment-dependent QTL) associated with the WS regime and 22 associated with the WW regime for GY, ESP, and ASI. All WS QTL and55.6% of WW QTL were located in the ed QTL regions. The hotspot genomic regions identified in this work will support further fine mapping and marker-assisted breeding of drought-tolerant maize.

关键词： Drought Yield quantitative trait locus Introgression Maize

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Genetic dissection of husk number and length across multiple environments and fine-mapping of a major-effect QTL for husk number in maize(Zea mays L.)

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The Crop Journal 2020年第6期8卷 1071-1080页

作者： Guangfei Zhou Yuxiang Mao Lin Xue Guoqing Chen Huhua Lu Mingliang Shi Zhenliang Zhang Xiaolan Huang Xudong Song Derong Hao Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Nantong 226541JiangsuChina Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing 210095JiangsuChina

Husk number(HN)and husk length(HL)influence the mechanical harvesting of maize *** investigated the genetic basis of HN and HL using a population of 204 recombinant inbred lines phenotypically evaluated in five *** two husk traits showed broad phenotypic variation and high *** stable quantitative trait loci(QTL)were identified by single-environment mapping,comprising four QTL for HN and five for HL,and three QTL explained>10%of the phenotypic *** mapping revealed 22 additive QTL and 46 epistatic *** additive and epistatic(additive×additive)effects as well as a few large-effect QTL and some minor-effect QTL appeared to contribute to the genetic architecture of HN and *** QTL for HN located on chromosome 7,q HN7,which accounted for^20%of phenotypic variation,was detected in all five environments.q HN7 was fine-mapped to a 721.1 kb physical region based on the maize B73 Ref Gen_v3 genome *** this interval,four genes associated with plant growth and development were selected as candidate *** results will be useful for improvement of maize husk traits by molecular breeding and provide a basis for the cloning of q HN7.

关键词： Zea mays L. Husk number Husk length quantitative trait locus Fine mapping

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Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qHD1b,a QTL that promotes flowering in common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon)by up-regulating Ehd1

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The Crop Journal 2022年第4期10卷 1083-1093页

作者： Ling Liu Yingxin Zhang Zhengfu Yang Qinqin Yang Yue Zhang Peng Xu Jiaxin Li Anowerul Islam Liaqat Shah Xiaodeng Zhan Liyong Cao Shihua Cheng Weixun Wu China National Center for Rice Improvement and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300ZhejiangChina Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006ZhejiangChina

Heading date(flowering time)determines the adaptability of cultivars to different *** report the fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qHD1b,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)responsible for early flowering that was derived from common wild rice(***)under both short-day and longday *** introgression line IL7391,which carried segments from common wild rice in a Zhonghui 8015(ZH8015)background,exhibited early heading compared to the background and was crossed with ZH8015 to generate BC_(5)F_(2:3) families for QTL *** enabled the identification of two heading-date QTL,named qHD1b and qHD7,of which the first was selected for further ***-resolution linkage analysis was performed in BC_(5)F_(4:5) and BC_(5)F_(6) populations,and the location of qHD1b was confined to a 112.7-kb interval containing 17 predicted *** of these genes contained polymorphisms in the promoter or coding regions and were thus considered as *** analysis revealed a positive association between LOC_Os01g11940 expression and early *** locus was annotated as OsFTL1,which encodes an ortholog of Arabidopsis Flowering locus T and was the most likely candidate gene for *** study revealed that qHD1b acts as a floral activator that promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1,Hd3a,RFT1,OsMADS14,and OsMADS15 under both shortday and long-day *** experiments showed that qHD1b affected several yield-related agronomic traits including 1000-grain weight and grain ***1b could be useful for marker-assisted selection and breeding of early-maturing cultivars.

关键词： Rice Heading date quantitative trait locus qHD1b Fine mapping

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Mapping and quantitative trait Loci Analysis of Verticillium Wilt Resistance Genes in Cotton

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第2期50卷 174-182页

作者： Hong-Mei Wang Zhong-Xu Lin Xian-Long Zhang Wei Chen Xiao-Ping Guo Yi-Chun Nie Yun-Hai Li National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Agriculture Cotton Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang 455112 China

Verticillium wilt is one of the most serious constraints to cotton production in almost all of the cotton-growing countries. In this study, ＂XinLuZaol＂（XLZl）, a susceptible cultivar Gossypium hirsutum L. and ＂Hai7124＂（H7124）, a resistant line G. barbadense, and their F2：3 families were used to map and study the disease index induced by verticillium wilt. A total of 430 SSR loci were mapped into 41 linkage groups; the map spanned 3 745.9 cM and the average distance between adjacent loci was 8.71 cM. Four and five quantitative trait loci （QTLs） were detected based on the disease index investigated on July 22 and August 24 in 2004, respectively. These nine QTLs explained 10.63-28.83% of the phenotypic variance, six of them were located on the D sub-genome. Two QTLs located in the same marker intervals may partly explain the significant correlation of the two traits. QTLs explaining large phenotypic variation were identified in this study, which may be quite useful in cotton anti-disease breeding.

关键词： cotton molecular marker quantitative trait locus Verticillium wilt.

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QTL Analysis for Grain Iron and Zinc Concentrations in Two O. nivara Derived Backcross Populations

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Rice science 2018年第4期25卷 197-207页

作者： B. P. M. SWAMY K. KALADHAR1, K. ANURADHA Anil K. BATCHU T. LONGVAH N. SARLA Indian Institute of Rice Research Rajendranagar Hyderabad 500030 India Plant Breeding Division International Rice Research Institute DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila the Philippines International Crops Research Institute on Semi Arid Tropics Patancheru Hyderabad 502324 India National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad 500007 India

Identification of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for grain mineral elements can assist in faster and more precise development of micronutrient dense rice varieties through marker-assisted breeding. In the present study, QTLs were mapped for Fe and Zn concentrations in two BC2F3 mapping populations derived from the crosses of O. sativa cv Swarna with two different accessions of O. nivara. In all, 10 and 8 QTLs were identified for grain Fe and Zn concentrations in population 1, and 7 and 5 QTLs were identified in population 2, respectively. Eighty percent of the QTLs detected in both populations were derived from O. nivara. Five QTLs for Fe and three QTLs for Zn explained more than 15% phenotypic variance either in interval or composite interval mapping. The locations of O. nivara derived QTLs such as qFe2.1, qFe3.1, qFe8.2 and qZn12.1 were consistently identified in both the populations. Epistatic interaction was observed only between RM106 and RM6 on chromosome 2 and between RM22 and RM7 on chromosome 3 for Fe concentration in population 1. Sixteen candidate genes for metal homeostasis were found to co-locate with 10 QTLs for Fe and Zn concentrations in both the populations. Most of the Fe and Zn QTLs were found to co-locate with QTLs for grain yield and grain quality traits. Some of the major effect QTLs identified can be used to improve rice grain Fe and Zn concentrations.

关键词： biofortification micronutrient Fe concentration Zn concentration rice wild rice quantitative trait locus gene marker assisted breeding

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Development of Oryza rufipogon and O. sativa Introgression Lines and Assessment for Yield-related quantitative trait Loci

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第6期49卷 871-884页

作者： Lubin Tan Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding and State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education Beijing 100094 China Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Genome of Ministry of Agriculture China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

Introgression lines population was effectively used in mapping quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, identifying favorable genes, discovering hidden genetic variation, evaluating the action or interaction of QTLs in multiple conditions and providing the favorable experimental materials for plant breeding and genetic research. In this study, an advanced backcross and consecutive selfing strategy was used to develop introgression lines （ILs）, which derived from an accession of Oryza rufipogon Griff. collected from Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province of China, as the donor, and an elite indica cultivar Teqing （O. sativa L.）, as the recipient. Introgression segments from O. rufipogon were screened using 179 polymorphic simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers in the genome of each IL. Introgressed segments carried by the introgression lines population contained 120 ILs covering the whole O. rufipogon genome. The mean number of homozygous O. rufipogon segments per introgression line was about 3.88. The average length of introgressed segments was approximate 25.5 cM, and about 20.8% of these segments had sizes less than 10 cM. The genome of each IL harbored the chromosomal fragments of O. rufipogon ranging from 0.54% to 23.7%, with an overall average of 5.79%. At each locus, the ratio of substitution of O. rufipogon alleles had a range of 1.67-9.33, with an average of 5.50. A wide range of alterations in morphological and yield-related traits were also found in the introgression lines population. Using single-point analysis, a total of 37 putative QTLs for yield and yield components were detected at two sites with 7%-20% explaining the phenotypic variance. Nineteen QTLs （51.4%） were detected at both sites, and the alleles from O. rufipogon at fifteen loci （40.5%） improved the yield and yield components in the Teqing background. These O. rufipogon-O, sativa introgression lines will serve as genetic materials for identifying and using favorable genes from common wild rice.

关键词： common wild rice cultivated rice introgression lines quantitative trait locus yield-related trait.

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Mapping of qGL7-2, a grain length QTL on chromosome 7 of rice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第8期37卷 523-531页

作者： Gaoneng Shao Shaoqing Tang Ju Luo Guiai Jiao Xiangjin Wei Ao Tang Jianli Wu Jieyun Zhuang Peisong Hu State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research lnstitt~te Hangzhou 310006 China

A residual heterozygous line （RHL） carrying a heterozygous segment between two S SR loci RM 11 and RM134 on the rice chromo- some 7 was selected from a set of recombinant inbred lines from the cross D50 （javanica）/HB277 （indica）. The former parent produces much longer grains than the latter. Selfed progenies of this selection were analyzed genotypically （SSRs） and phenotypically （grain length）. Grain length was discontinuously variable in the mapping populations, allowing for the placement of this QTL qGL7-2 within a -4.8 cM interval defined by RM351 and RM234. A set of new markers within this region were developed, which narrowed the QTL to a 278 kb region defined by the markers Indell and RM21945. This region contains 49 predicted genes. The results also suggest that the novel allele for grain length will be used for the application of marker assisted selection for the improvement of grain length.

关键词： grain length mapping quantitative trait locus residual heterozygous line rice

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