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Use of automated irrigation pumps improves quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第6期8卷 295-300页

作者： Sujan Ravi Rana Sabbagh Fadi Antaki Department of Internal Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35233 United States Division of Gastroenterology John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI 48201United States Detroit Medical Center DetroitMI 48201 United States

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of automated irrigation pumps(AIPs) in improving the quality of the bowel preparation and the yield of colonoscopy.METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a single medical center. Outpatient colonoscopies performed during a 4-mo time period when AIPs were not in use, were compared to colonoscopies performed during control period. The main outcomes measured were quality of bowel preparation, procedures aborted due to poor preparation, recommendations to repeat at short interval due to suboptimal bowel preparation and adenoma detection rates.RESULTS: One thousand and thirty-seven colonoscopies were included. A higher proportion of cases did not achieve a satisfactory bowel preparation when AIPs were not used(24.4% vs 10.3%, P pumps in endoscopy units to improve the quality of colonoscopy.

关键词： Automated irrigation pumps Adenoma Quality Polyps Bowel preparation Surveillance interval Colonoscopy

Emanuel Strehler’s work on calcium pumps and calcium signaling

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011年第4期2卷 67-72页

作者： Emanuel E Strehler Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Cells are equipped with mechanisms to control tightly the influx, efflux and resting level of free calcium (Ca 2+ ). Inappropriate Ca 2+ signaling and abnormal Ca 2+ levels are involved in many clinical disorders including heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Ca 2+ also plays a major role in cell growth, differentiation and motility; disturbances in these processes underlie cell transformation and the progression of cancer. Accordingly, research in the Strehler laboratory is focused on a better understanding of the molecular "toolkit" needed to ensure proper Ca 2+ homeostasis in the cell, as well as on the mechanisms of localized Ca 2+ signaling. A longterm focus has been on the plasma membrane calcium pumps (PMCAs), which are linked to multiple disorders including hearing loss, neurodegeneration, and heart disease. Our work over the past 20 years or more has revealed a surprising complexity of PMCA isoforms with different functional characteristics, regulation, and cellular localization. Emerging evidence shows how specific PMCAs contribute not only to setting basal intracellular Ca 2+ levels, but also to local Ca 2+ signaling and vectorial Ca 2+ transport. A second major research arearevolves around the calcium sensor protein calmodulin and an enigmatic calmodulin-like protein (CALML3) that is linked to epithelial differentiation. One of the cellular targets of CALML3 is the unconventional motor protein myosin-10, which raises new questions about the role of CALML3 and myosin-10 in cell adhesion and migration in normal cell differentiation and cancer.

关键词： Calcium signaling Calcium transport Calmodulin Membrane trafficking Myosin-10 Calcium ATPase Calcium pumps Structure-function relationship

Detection of the Mex Efflux pumps in Pseudomonasaeruginosaby Using a Combined Resistance-Phenotypic Markers and Multiplex RT-PCR

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第3期4卷 153-160页

作者： Kanchana Poonsuk Rungtip Chuanchuen Department of Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

The aim of this study was to detect the expression of 4 clinically-important efflux pumps in the Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (RND) family including MexAB-OprM, MexXY, MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN in Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a combination of resistance-phenotypic markers and multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR). The antibiotic substrates specific for each Mex systems were used as phenotypic markers including carbenicillin, MexAB-OprM, erythromycin, MexCD-OprJ, norfloxacin and imipenem, MexEF-OprN and gentamicin, MexXY-OprM. The methods were validated with reference strains with known genotypes of the Mex systems and the potential applicability in clinical practice was tested with clinical isolates. The results for the reference strains support that the combination of resistance phenotype and mRT-PCR is a potential-attractive method for diagnosis of efflux-mediated resistance in P. aeruginosa. Further development to make it more practical for clinical use and study in a larger number of clinical isolates is required.

关键词： Multidrug Efflux pumps Multiplex RT-PCR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance-Phenotypic Marker

Attention to Details Reduces Infection Rates in Patients with Continuous Flow pumps

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Open Journal of Organ Transplant Surgery 2014年第2期4卷 15-22页

作者： Nandini Nair Enrique Gongora Basar Sareyyupoglu Ian Collier Sherry Alvarado Aasya Nasar Kenton Zehr Department of Hospital Pharmacy Scott and White Hospital Texas A & M HSC College of Medicine Temple USA Division of Cardiology Scott & White Healthcare Texas A & M HSC College of Medicine Temple USA Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Scott & White Healthcare Texas A & M HSC College of Medicine Temple USA

The increased use of mechanical circulatory support has led to a rise in infectious complications in the recent years predisposing this population of patients to higher morbidity and mortality. In this study, we report a significantly lower rate of driveline infections of 0.12 episodes/patient-year as compared to the rates reported in the existing literature in patients with the HMII (Heartmate II). The study is limited by the fact that it is based on a small population of patients and was conducted retrospectively making recall bias hard to rule out. It is strictly restricted to one type of continuous flow pump (HMII) solely to decrease variations in the data reviewed. The exact cause of the low infection rate noted in this study is difficult to define. However, detailed teaching to the caregivers and the patient as well as close follow-ups in the perioperative period may substantially contribute to the outcome noted. Continued research limited to similar continuous flow ventricular assist devices in larger study populations would shed light on defining causes of infections in this population and developing robust algorithms to prevent such complications.

关键词： Driveline Infections Continuous Flow pumps

Mechanisms Efflux pumps of Acinetobacter baumannii(MDR): Increasing Resistance to Antibiotics

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第1期7卷 48-70页

作者： Francis T. Dongmo Temgoua Liang Wu School of Medicine Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China

Acinetobacter baumannii has greatly increased its degree of resistance to become multidrug resistant (MDR) over the past 30 years and is on the red line of the most widely replicated bacteria according to World Health Organization (WHO). The efflux pumps are the main cause for the increasing antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii originated from nosocomial infection. The progressive resistance of A. baumannii even on the recent drugs (tigecycline and fosfomycin) reduces to very effective antibiotic scale. With attention focused on MDR and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) in A. baumannii multiple works on efflux pumps chemical inhibitor (NMP, PAβN, omeprazole, verapamil, reserpine, CCCP) are still in progress. Certain inhibitors from plants (Biricodar and timcodar, Falvone, Mahonia, Dalea versicolor, Lycopus europaeus, and Rosmarinus officinalis) have the capability to have such compounds according to their very significant synergistic effect with antibiotics. In this review we focused on the growth of antibiotic resistance to explain the mechanism of efflux pumps into these different super families and a comprehensive understanding of the extrusion, regulation and physiology role of drug efflux pumps in the essential development of anti-resistivity drugs. We recapitulated the evolution of the work carried out in these fields during the last years and in the course of elaboration, with the aim of increasing the chances of decreasing bacterial resistivity to antibiotics.

关键词： Acinetobacter baumannii RND Efflux pumps Efflux Transporters Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Efflux pumps Inhibitors (EPIs)

Low nutrient levels as drinking water conditions can reduce the fitness cost of efflux pump-mediated ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 123-132页

作者： Wenfang Lin Kun Wan Jie Zeng Jingjing Li Xi Li Xin Yu Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The long-term persistence of antibiotic resistance in the environment, especially in drinking water, is a public health concern. Expression of an efflux pump, an important mechanism of resistance to antibiotics, usually confers a fitness cost in bacteria. In this study, we aimed to determine why antibiotic resistance conferred by overexpression of an efflux pump persisted in low-nutrient environments(TOC pumps in the natural environment with trace amounts or no antibiotics.

关键词： Efflux pumps Antibiotic resistance Fitness cost Low nutrient nfxB mutation Ciprofloxacin resistance

Overcoming chemotherapy resistance via simultaneous drug-efflux circumvention and mitochondrial targeting

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第3期9卷 615-625页

作者： Minglu Zhou Lijia Li Lian Li Xi Lin Fengling Wang Qiuyi Li Yuan Huang Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System(Ministry of Education) West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery University of UtahSalt LakeCityUT84112USA

Multidrug resistance(MDR) has been considered as a huge challenge to the effective chemotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new strategies to effectively overcome MDR. Here,based on the previous research of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide(HPMA) polymer–drug conjugates, we designed an effective system that combined drug-efflux circumvention and mitochondria targeting of anticancer drug doxorubicin(Dox). Briefly, Dox was modified with mitochondrial membrane penetrating peptide(MPP) and then attached to(HPMA) copolymers(P-M-Dox). Our study showed that macromolecular HPMA copolymers successfully bypassed drug efflux pumps and escorted Dox into resistant MCF-7/ADR cells via endocytic pathway. Subsequently, the mitochondria accumulation of drugs was significantly enhanced with 11.6-fold increase by MPP modification. The excellent mitochondria targeting then resulted in significant enhancement of reactive oxygen species(ROS) as well as reduction of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production, which could further inhibit drug efflux and resistant cancer cell growth. By reversing Dox resistance, P-M-Dox achieved much better suppression in the growth of 3D MCF-7/ADR tumor spheroids compared with free Dox. Hence, our study provides a promising approach to treat drug-resistant cancer through simultaneous drug efflux circumvention and direct mitochondria delivery.

关键词： Drug resistance P-gp pumps Mitochondrial targeting HPMA copolymer Drug delivery Doxorubicin

Long-term adaptive evolution of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for establishment of high concentration Cr(Ⅵ) tolerance

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 65-75页

作者： Yong Xiao Changye Xiao Feng Zhao CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Acclimation is the main method to enhance the productivity of microorganisms in environmental biotechnology,but it remains uncertain how microorganisms acquire resistance to high concentrations of pollutants during long-term acclimation.Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was acclimated for 120 days with increasing hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))concentrations from 10 to 190 mg/L.The bacterium was able to survive from the highly toxic Cr(VI)environment due to its enhanced capability to reduce Cr(VI)and the increased cell membrane surface.We sequenced 19 complete genomes from 7 populations of MR-1,including the ancestral strain,the evolved strains in Cr(VI)environment on days 40,80 and 120 and their corresponding controls.A total of 27,49 and 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the Cr(VI)-evolved populations on days 40,80 and 120,respectively.Nonsynonymous substitutions were clustered according to gene functions,and the gene mutations related to integral components of the membrane,including efflux pumps and transporters,were the key determinants of chromate resistance.In addition,MR-1 strengthened the detoxification of Cr(VI)through gene variations involved in adenosine triphosphate binding,electron carrier activity,signal transduction and DNA repair.Our results provide an in-depth analysis of how Cr(VI)resistance of 5.oneidensis MR-1 is improved by acclimation,as well as a genetic understanding of the impact of longterm exposure of microorganisms to pollution.

关键词： Environmental biotechnology Acclimation Chromate resistance Efflux pumps Detoxification

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第1期30卷 140-152页

作者： Zh.Zhang Free Researcher Zurich Switzerland

An analytical method is presented, which enables the non-uniform velocity and pressure distributions at the impeller inlet of a pump to be accurately computed. The analyses are based on the potential flow theory and the geometrical similarity of the streamline distribution along the leading edge of the impeller blades. The method is thus called streamline similarity method（SSM）. The obtained geometrical form of the flow distribution is then simply described by the geometrical variable G（s） and the first structural constant G_Ⅰ. As clearly demonstrated and also validated by experiments, both the flow velocity and the pressure distributions at the impeller inlet are usually highly non-uniform. This knowledge is indispensible for impeller blade designs to fulfill the shockless inlet flow condition. By introducing the second structural constant G_Ⅱ, the paper also presents the simple and accurate computation of the shock loss, which occurs at the impeller inlet. The introduction of two structural constants contributes immensely to the enhancement of the computational accuracies. As further indicated, all computations presented in this paper can also be well applied to the non-uniform exit flow out of an impeller of the Francis turbine for accurately computing the related mean values.

关键词： pumps streamline similarity method flow distribution shock loss structural constant