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A Game-Theoretic Approach to Safe Crowd Evacuation in Emergencies

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1631-1657页

作者： Maria Gul Imran Ali Khan Gohar Zaman Atta Rahman Jamaluddin Mir Sardar Asad Ali Biabani May IssaAldossary Mustafa Youldash Ashraf Saadeldeen Maqsood Mahmud Asiya Abdus Salam Dania Alkhulaifi Abdullah AlTurkey31Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad22010Pakistan Department of Computer Science Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyAbbottabad22010Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Science and Technology Unit Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Deanship of Scientific Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyOmdurman Islamic UniversityOmdurman14415Sudan Business Analytic Program Department of Management and MarketingCollege of Business AdministrationUniversity of BahrainSakhir32038Bahrain

Obstacle removal in crowd evacuation is critical to safety and the evacuation system efficiency. Recently, manyresearchers proposed game theoreticmodels to avoid and remove obstacles for crowd evacuation. Game theoreticalmodels aim to study and analyze the strategic behaviors of individuals within a crowd and their interactionsduring the evacuation. Game theoretical models have some limitations in the context of crowd evacuation. Thesemodels consider a group of individuals as homogeneous objects with the same goals, involve complex mathematicalformulation, and cannot model real-world scenarios such as panic, environmental information, crowds that movedynamically, etc. The proposed work presents a game theoretic model integrating an agent-based model to removethe obstacles from exits. The proposed model considered the parameters named: (1) obstacle size, length, andwidth, (2) removal time, (3) evacuation time, (4) crowd density, (5) obstacle identification, and (6) route selection.The proposed work conducts various experiments considering different conditions, such as obstacle types, obstacleremoval, and several obstacles. Evaluation results show the proposed model’s effectiveness compared with existingliterature in reducing the overall evacuation time, cell selection, and obstacle removal. The study is potentially usefulfor public safety situations such as emergency evacuations during disasters and calamities.

关键词： Safe crowd evacuation public safety emergency transition probability cooperation

Should Audio and Video Recordings for public safety in a Ride-Sharing Vehicle Be Allowed?

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ChinAfrica 2018年第7期10卷 12-13页

Didi, China's largest Uber-like ride-hailing service provider, received a wave of negative pub-licity recently after a flight atten-dant taking a ride was murdered by the driver on May 5. The driver was later found having committed suicide. This incident has triggered far-reaching debate on the safety of mobile car-hailing and ride-sharing ser-vices and what can be done to ensure pas-senger safety.

关键词： Video Recordings public safety

Early smoke and flame detection based on transformer

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Journal of safety Science and Resilience 2023年第3期4卷 294-304页

作者： Xinzhi Wang Mengyue Li Mingke Gao Quanyi Liu Zhennan Li Luyao Kou School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China The 32nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Shanghai 201808China College of Civil Aviation safety Engineering Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaGuanghan 618307China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Fire-detection technology plays a critical role in ensuring public safety and facilitating the development of smart cities.Early fire detection is imperative to mitigate potential hazards and minimize associated losses.However,existing vision-based fire-detection methods exhibit limited generalizability and fail to adequately consider the effect of fire object size on detection accuracy.To address this issue,in this study a decoder-free fully transformer-based(DFFT)detector is used to achieve early smoke and flame detection,improving the detection performance for fires of different sizes.This method effectively captures multi-level and multi-scale fire features with rich semantic information while using two powerful encoders to maintain the accuracy of the single-feature map prediction.First,data augmentation is performed to enhance the generalizability of the model.Second,the detection-oriented transformer(DOT)backbone network is treated as a single-layer fire-feature extractor to obtain fire-related features on four scales,which are then fed into an encoder-only single-layer dense prediction module.Finally,the prediction module aggregates the multi-scale fire features into a single feature map using a scale-aggregated encoder(SAE).The prediction module then aligns the classification and regression features using a task-aligned encoder(TAE)to ensure the semantic interaction of the classification and regression predictions.Experimental results on one private dataset and one public dataset demonstrate that the adopted DFFT possesses high detection accuracy and a strong generalizability for fires of different sizes,particularly early small fires.The DFFT achieved mean average precision(mAP)values of 87.40%and 81.12%for the two datasets,outperforming other baseline models.It exhibits a better detection performance on flame objects than on smoke objects because of the prominence of flame features.

关键词： Early fire Smoke and flame detection Fire detection Vision transformer public safety

Key Technology Research for Mobile Police Terminal Fingerprint Collection for Quick Comparison Using Automated Fingerprint Identification System

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2019年第1期5卷 57-60页

作者： Shengjun Sun Yaomin Gu Lan Wang Ping Gu Yuankai Li Department of Shanghai Police Station Science and Technology Research Management CenterShanghaiP.R.China Department of Shanghai Police College ShanghaiP.R.China

When the face of the inspected person and the photograph on their identification(ID)card cannot be clearly matched,the individual is undocumented,or the ID is forged,it is often difficult for the on‑site police to respond in time.This study proposes a number of key technologies for collecting fingerprints at mobile terminals for fast comparison using an automated fingerprint ID system(AFIS).These technologies ensure intelligent mobile fingerprint collection and allow the transmission of fingerprint information from the terminal to AFIS,over a wireless public security network for real‑time fingerprint comparison.This study also analyzes the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technologies for system design and the applicability of fingerprint ID algorithms.The system achieved good results in a test by the Shanghai public Security Bureau Criminal Investigation Corps.

关键词： Automated fingerprint identification system fingerprint intelligent mobile terminal personal identification public safety system structure

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欧盟警务合作模式的发展历程和经验启示

公安学

Perceptions of People on Police Efficiency and Crime Prevention in Urban Areas in Malaysia

公安学 2022年第3期

作者：周俊

警务合作作为维护公共安全最为有效的手段之一在世界范围内引起了广泛的关注，而欧盟警务合作是世界上比较成熟的国际警务合作模式。本文通过对欧盟这一典型的国际警务合作模式的发展历程进行梳理，分析出其在国际警务合作中的一些经验... 详细信息

警务合作作为维护公共安全最为有效的手段之一在世界范围内引起了广泛的关注，而欧盟警务合作是世界上比较成熟的国际警务合作模式。本文通过对欧盟这一典型的国际警务合作模式的发展历程进行梳理，分析出其在国际警务合作中的一些经验启示，指出国家关系协调是国际警务合作推进的政治基础，规则运用与建构是国际警务合作的制度保障，主体对接是国际警务合作的组织支撑，执行能力建设是国际警务合作的国际化需求，情报信息网络化平台构建是国际警务合作的情报信息资源共享的现实需求等。这些实践经验能够对全球国际警务合作起到积极的借鉴和推动作用，对维护全球公共安全具有重要意义。

关键词：欧盟警务合作公共安全国际警务情报信息合作制度　　EU Policing Cooperation public safety International Police Intelligence Information Cooperation System

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Economics World 2016年第5期4卷 243-248页

作者： Suryati Ishak Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia

Crime cases from snatch thefts to murders, are becoming increasingly common in Malaysia according to the database of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP), the current overall Crime Index in Malaysia was 147,062 for 2013 compared with 65,237 in 1977. The database also revealed that the number of property crimes reported in this country has always exceeded the number of violent crimes. Although in 2013, crimes related to property are higher (117,687) than violent crime (29,375), the gradual increase in the latter does worry Malaysians. Likewise, Malaysian Government had implemented a "safe community" concept, inspired by the Malaysian Crime Prevention Foundation (MCPF), a non-government organization, as they were concerned that the threat of violent crime and non-violent crime would eventually reduce the quality of life for many individuals. The concept is very important to the public as it is perceived as improved safety for the public with less crime. This study analyzes the public safety through their perceptions on the effectiveness of the policeman and suggesting few prevention actions against crime. The data were collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. Specifically, this study focuses on the more developed states in this country. From the cross tabulation analysis, the majority of respondents agreed that the police are effective in controlling crime. Approximately, 72.1% of respondents felt that the police are efficient in controlling crime.

关键词： crime crime prevention perceptions of people police efficiency public safety quality of life

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野生动物禁食立法的法理省思和立法建议

经济法学、劳动法学

Analysis of Types and Causes of Traumatic Dental Injuries to Permanent Dentition among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan

经济法学、劳动法学 2022年第2期

作者：曹炜

基于立法活动的特殊性，野生动物禁食立法应当遵循以下要求：一是尽量使用解释、填补、续造等方法延续旧法的生命，加强与其他立法的衔接；二是选择合适的规制手段和规制环节，以降低法律实施成本；三是将道德判断和法律判断相分离，避... 详细信息

基于立法活动的特殊性，野生动物禁食立法应当遵循以下要求：一是尽量使用解释、填补、续造等方法延续旧法的生命，加强与其他立法的衔接；二是选择合适的规制手段和规制环节，以降低法律实施成本；三是将道德判断和法律判断相分离，避免道德判断穿透规范体系；四是兼顾弱势群体利益，减轻立法对相关主体的不利影响。依据上述要求，《野生动物保护法》修改时应当将禁止食用范围限制为所有野外自然生长繁殖的野生动物以及没有合法来源的人工繁育和饲养的野生动物；将规制重心置于捕猎、运输、经营等前端环节，规定国益诉讼条款并且允许合理先占；对以残忍的、令人不适的方式食用野生动物的行为进行处罚；将已经形成疫病防控体系的陆生野生动物尽快纳入《国家畜禽遗传资源目录》，对没有形成疫病防控体系的陆生野生动物停止繁育和养殖，但是要对有证养殖和无证养殖区别对待。

关键词：禁食野生动物野生动物养殖《野生动物保护法》公共卫生公共安全法政策动物福利立法 prohibition on consumption of wild animals wildlife breeding Wild Animal Conservation Law public health public safety legal policy animal welfare legislation

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2020年第8期10卷 211-217页

作者： Mahwish Memon Mowaffaq Abdullmomen Al Absi Zahid Hussain Siya Anny Memon Abdul Ghani Shaikh Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the age, gender, causes, place of trauma, and type of crown fracture in permanent dentition among patients attending Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Operative Dentistry Department of LUMHS hospital over a period of six months. All patients (6 - 40 years of age) who had a history of dental trauma and attending dental OPD were included in this study. The data for all patients were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Data were collected on age, gender, place of trauma (playground, road, home), cause of trauma (fall, playing, road accident, bicycle accident, collisions, fighting) and associated symptoms. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Mean and the standard deviation was computed for a quantitative variable like age. Frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables like gender, risk factors, and pattern of trauma. Results: A total of 82 patients were enrolled. The most frequent age group involved was 13 - 20 years (46%) with males (58.5%) predominance. The majority of trauma cases were due to fall (36.6%) while playing and 19.5% were bicycle accidents. The most commonly affected tooth was right maxillary central incisor (46.6%) followed by left maxillary central incisor (28.4%). Of the 116 teeth examined, 56.0% had a complicated crown fracture and 44.0% had an uncomplicated crown fracture. Conclusion: Safety measures should be implemented where dental traumatic accidents occur most frequently like at home and on the roads.

关键词： Dental Trauma Crown Fracture Fall public safety

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