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Uncomfortable prototypes： Rethinking socio-cultural factors for the design of public housing in Billiri, north east Nigeria

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第3期2卷 310-321页

作者： Joy Joshua Maina School of the Built Environment University of Nottingham Nottingharn NG7 2RD UK

public housing delivery in developing countries often involves the provision of government- funded housing units. Over time, occupants transform such units to suit their changing needs or to increase and improve housing stock-a practice that has been the focus of several documented studies intended to inform policy makers about changing housing trends. Abandoned units have, however, received comparatively less attention. The present paper reports findings from the documentation and analyses of abandoned and modified prototype units in Billiri, the main town occupied by the Tangale community in north east Nigeria. The methodology involves space syntax methods, as well as the analyses of space use patterns in 45 randomly selected compounds built by the community and in two sets of prototype housing units in the study area. Results suggest that socio-cultural factors related to kinship, security, and basic needs, which form part of the community heritage, are inadequately reflected in the location and design of the units, accounting for their abandonment and modification. These findings have implications for future housing policies in the area.

关键词： public housing Prototype units Socio-cultural factorsTangale land North east Nigeria

Challenge-driven design for public housing： The case of Hong Kong

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2016年第2期5卷 213-224页

作者： Ying Deng Edwin H.W. Chan S.W. Poon Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong KongChina

public housing （PH） has existed in Hong Kong for six decades. Previous and current challenges that have been encountered over time function as a coffective driver for design progression. However, such challenges have remained under research to be able to draw useful lessons from them. To understand how this established motif can suit the sustainability-conscious era, this study uses Hong Kong as a representative case for sub-tropical compact cities by critiquing its PH design against multiple constraints. The objective of this study is to trace the historical relationships between challenges and design progress as well as to assess current and future implications of sustainability trends on PH design. By synthesizing data from literature, policy documents, and empirical evidence, this research develops an evolution map for PH design in Hong Kong that is driven by seven major challenges. Based on this map, a conceptual framework for intersecting considerations that envisaaes five main future prospects toward future PH desien is also established.

关键词： public housing Challenge Design progress Hong Kong Sustainability

Development of public housing Post-reform China

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China & World Economy 2017年第4期25卷 60-77页

作者： Jie Chen Lingzhen Yao Hongwei Wang Professor School of Public Economics and Administration Shanghai University of Finance and Economics China Professor Shanghai Lixin University of Finance and Accounting China

This paper explores the dynamic nature of the transformation of public housing regimes in urban China since the abolishment of the urban welfare housing system in the late 1990s. We summarize the latest progress in the development of public housing in post- reform China and investigate the driving forces behind these developments. A close examination of the public rental housing program in Shanghai helps to show that the recent revival of public housing in Chinese cities is mostly driven by the desire for economic growth. We conclude that the state provision of housing could be a short-run state remedy to alleviate economic imbalance and social inequality. However, in the long run China needs to seek more effective solutions to solve the low-income population＇s housing affordability problems.

关键词： China housing policy housing regime public housing

A STUDY OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY RENOVATION ON public housing PROJECTS

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Journal of Green Building 2012年第1期7卷 192-212页

作者： Qian Chen Qian Ma Department of Food Agriculturaland Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State University

While the energy efficiency of commercial buildings,schools,and private homes has received increasing attention,the energy performance of public housing has long been *** high energy usage and resulting utility costs associated with such subsidized houses have added great financial burdens to the government and ***,improving public housing’s energy performance becomes an important *** paper presents a comparative study that mainly investigates the effectiveness of energy efficiency measures(EEMs)recently implemented in the Columbus Metropolitan housing Authority’s green renovation *** building energy simulation results show that due to budget constraints,the limited EEMs put into place would only result in a marginal(7.6%)improvement to the renovated building’s energy performance prior to *** 38.5%reduction would be needed,using the performance requirement of the current building energy code as a *** on these findings,this research offers some insights into more cost-effective energy efficiency upgrades that can help reduce public housing’s energy consumption and green renovation costs.

关键词： public housing home energy efficiency energy simulation LEED

public housing, School Segregation, and Children＇s Education： Evidence from Hong Kong

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第3期10卷 414-448页

作者： Yi, Junjian Chou, Kee Lee Yung, Linda Zhang, Junsen Natl Univ Singapore Dept Econ Singapore 117548 Singapore Hong Kong Inst Educ Dept Asian & Policy Studies Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Econ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

Evidence in the literature shows that public-housing residents move less frequently than others. This tendency may restrict school choice for children from public-housing families and lead to school segregation and lower educational outcomes for those children. Our empirical findings from Hong Kong show three strands of evidence that support this hypothesis. （1） Children from public-housing families are more likely to drop out of school after compulsory education. The result is robust after controlling for family background and a series of parental characteristics. （2） public-housing families with school-age children are less likely to move than their private-housing counterparts. （3） Children from public-housing families are more likely to study in local community schools, which are located on the outskirts of Hong Kong and are of lower education quality. These findings have important policy implications for the public-housing programs such as those which have been implemented in China's Mainland since 2011.

关键词： public housing schooling segregation school attendance

A Consideration of Issues in the Government＇s public housing Projects in Post-War Iraq

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2012年第9期6卷 1138-1148页

作者： Tara Abdulrazak Suguru Mori Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan

Post-war Iraq is a mix of potential opportunities, promising intentions, and difficult challenges. After 2003, the government adopted a program to manage the housing crisis and satisfy housing needs. Through a fieldwork survey, we aimed to present this program by reviewing the government targets, main housing problems, governmental legislations, and construction process. We found that the government abandoned its centralized role in its National housing Project as it opened the door of Iraqi housing market to foreign and local investors. We also found that, considering the enormous need for housing the occupancy rate of the governmental housing units are so low and construction is also generally slow. We deduced that the pricing model of the government＇s national housing project is far from our general notion of public housing for low-income post-war people. Moreover, it is necessary for the government to formulate a clearer strategic vision and to adopt more innovative approaches to address effectively and rapidly the trade-offs of the short and long terms objectives of the reconstruction process in post-war Iraq.

关键词： Post-war public housing reconstruction process national housing project.

Study on Tianjin public housing Residential District Planning to Meet the Needs of Migration in Rapid Urbanization

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第7期10卷 788-791页

作者： Gong Yuan Xiao Yu Lu Li Tianjin Urban Planning and Design Institute Tianjin 300201 China

Along the rapid urbanization, the housing problem of medium and low-income residents in cities has been one of social problems, which is drawing the attention of government in the world for a long time. In present China, both the national policy and market of housing system are in the process of perfecting, which pay more attention to the low-income residents and rural residents. This paper chooses Tianjin, the third pole of China development as the example for research. Tianjin public housing residential district planning explored a mode of ＂large-scale mix and small-scale pure＂ for the whole homeland development. It confirms that regional coordination, ecological concepts, green transport, space characteristics and appropriate technology is important in planning.

关键词： public housing residential district planning Tianjin Shuangqing New Homeland.

Holistic Approaches for Renovation of Large housing Areas in Japan

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2011年第9期5卷 835-846页

作者： Ryoichi Shuto Department of Building and Urban Design Urban Renaissance Agency Tokyo Japan

Social imbalance and obsolescence of the built environment has emerged in large sized housing estates in metropolises. In particular, the requirement of such planned housing areas has not matched public service provided by the infrastructure. On not only physical but also social aspect of local communities of this kind of housing area have a lot of problems while it also has a lot of good characteristics. A representative one is that age of the tenants is rising very swiftly and it makes the local community imbalanced. Nowadays many countries including Japan have tackled problems concerning housing estates constructed during the mass housing era and try to search for ways to reactivate so-called new town areas by utilisation of existing environmental resources such as building stock and ample green open space. In Japan many elemental technologies have been developed in order to utilise existing building stock. However, how to combine these technologies and new holistic methods for reactivation are still underdeveloped. Therefore, it is very important to fred these ways and to make a comprehensive plan for rehabilitation of these areas. The first purpose of our study is to develop and clarify how to organise and integrate many kinds of elemental techniques and the holistic measures for the improvement of both social and physical environment in suburban mass housing estates. Subsequently we try to reorganise proper relations between human settlements and the various service provision for those regions. Our last focus is put on searching for new ways to raise the value of existing housing environment. Our conclusion intends to indicate important of the master plan and its execution, where mass housing estates progress for the physical and social improvement.

关键词： public housing large sized housing estates careful renovation elemental techniques holistic and integrated approaches tenants' participation.

BUILDING INTEGRATED AGRICULTURE Utilising Rooftops for Sustainable Food Crop Cultivation in Singapore

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Journal of Green Building 2010年第2期5卷 105-113页

作者： Lim Yinghui Astee Nirmal T.Kishnani Department of Architecture School of Design and EnvironmentNational University of Singapore

Burgeoning population and rapid urbanisation have contributed to two challenges facing cities today:food security and an increasing carbon footprint due to food *** paper examines the viability of rooftop farming in urban centres in Asia.A context-specific exploration—sited in Singapore—looks at the challenges of building integrated *** suggest that Singapore’s public housing estates are suitable for rooftop *** nationwide,such a scheme could result in a 700%increase in domestic vegetable production,satisfying domestic demand by 35.5%.Reducing food imports would also decrease Singapore’s carbon footprint by 9,052 tonnes of emissions annually.

关键词： food security carbon footprint rooftop farming building integrated agriculture public housing Singapore