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The role of the androgen receptor in prostate development and benign prostatic hyperplasia:A review

Asian Journal of Urology 2020年第3期7卷 191-202页

作者： Renee E.Vickman Omar E.Franco Daniel C.Moline Donald J.Vander Griend Praveen Thumbikat Simon W.Hayward Department of Surgery NorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonILUSA Department of Pathology University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA Department of Urology Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is a benign enlargement of the prostate in which incidence increases linearly with age,beginning at about 50 years *** is a significant source of morbidity in aging men by causing lower urinary tract symptoms and acute urinary ***,the etiology of BPH incidence and progression is not *** review highlights the role of the androgen receptor(AR)in prostate development and the evidence for its involvement in *** AR is essential for normal prostate development,and individuals with defective AR signaling,such as after castration,do not experience prostate enlargement with ***,decreasing dihydrotestosterone availability through therapeutic targeting with 5a-reductase inhibitors diminishes AR activity and results in reduced prostate size and symptoms in some BPH *** there is some evidence that AR expression is elevated in certain cellular compartments,how exactly AR is involved in BPH progression has yet to be *** is possible that AR signaling within stromal cells alters intercellular signaling and a“reawakening”of the embryonic mesenchyme,loss of epithelial AR leads to changes in paracrine signaling interactions,and/or chronic inflammation aids in stromal or epithelial proliferation evident in ***,a subset of patients fails to respond to current medical approaches,forcing surgical treatment even though age or associated co-morbidities make surgery less ***,new therapeutic approaches to treat BPH are not currently forthcoming,so a more complete molecular understanding of BPH etiology is necessary to identify new treatment options.

关键词： prostate development Benign prostatic hyperplasia Androgen receptor prostate stroma Inflammation

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Prenatal and pubertal testosterone exposure imprint permanent modifications in the prostate that predispose to the development of lesions in old Mongolian gerbils

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 160-167页

作者： Manoel F Biancardi Ana PS Perez Cassia RS Caires Luiz R Falleiros Jr Rejane M Goes Patricia SL Vilamaior Diogenes R Freitas Jr Fernanda CA Santos Sebastiao R Taboga Department of Structural and Functional State University of Campinas Av. Bertrand Russel s/n Campinas Sao Paulo 13084864 Brazil 2Department of Histology Embryology and Cell BiologyFederal University of Goias Samambaia II Goiania Goias 74001970 Brazil University Estadual Paulista - UNESP Department of Biology Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Rua Cristovao Colombo 2265 Sao Jose do Rio Preto Sao Paulo 15054000 Brazil Medical School Federal University of Goias Colemar Natal e Silva Goiania Goias 74001970 Brazil

The prostate is an accessory sex gland that develops under precise androgenic control. It is known that hormonal imbalance may disrupt its development predisposing this gland to develop diseases during aging. Although the hypothesis regarding earlier origins of prostate diseases was proposed many years ago, the mechanisms underlying this complex phenomenon are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prostates of old male gerbils exposed to testosterone during intrauterine and postnatal life using morphological, biometrical, stereological, Kariometric, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analyses. Our findings demonstrate that prenatal and pubertal exposure to testosterone increases the susceptibility to the development of prostate diseases during aging. The presence of a more proliferative gland associated with foci of adenomatous hyperplasia in animals exposed to testosterone during the prenatal and pubertal phase show that the utero life and the pubertal period are important phases for prostatic morphophysiology establishment, which is a determinant for the health of the gland during aging. Therefore, these findings reinforce the idea that prostate disease may result from hormonal disruptions in early events during prostate development, which imprint permanently on the gland predisposing it to develop lesions in later stages of life.

关键词： adenomatous hyperplasia endocrine-disrupting chemicals gerbil prostate development testosterone

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