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Influence of Osmotic Dehydration with High Electric Field on the Drying Kinetics and Mass Transfer of Green Apples

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第11期2卷 1138-1147页

作者： Baishali Dutta Ramesh Murugesan Vijaya G.S. Raghavan Valerie Orsat Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada

Traditional thermal methods of drying food have often led to loss of flavours, nutrients, vitamins, etc., which encourages non-thermal pretreatments such as osmotic dehydration （OD） and/or high electric field （HEF） application to improve the overall product quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of osmotic dehydration （50% sucrose） with high electric field strengths of 0.5 and 1.0 kV/cm as pretreatments on the drying kinetics and mass transfer of green apples during convective drying at 65 ~C and microwave drying at 1 W/g. The added value of the OD and HEF on the drying kinetics, and the effective mass transfer coefficients of the subsequent drying methods were investigated through this research. The efficacy of these pre-treatments was assessed and compared using cell disintegration index, product texture and thus bring forth new correlations between these pre-treatments and the cell disintegration index using dielectric spectroscopy and its effect on the product texture.

关键词： Osmotic dehydration high electric field drying kinetics mass transfer product quality.

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quality.Focused Apiculture Sector Value Chain Development in Ethiopia

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2017年第2期7卷 107-116页

作者： Negash Bekena Juergen Greiling Ethiopian Apiculture Board P.O. Box 2307 Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Ethiopia is an ＂apiculture country＂ with more than 10 million honey bee colonies. Ethiopia is also a ＂honey country＂; the annual honey and beeswax production potentials are 550,000 and 50,000 metric tons, respectively, with about one tenth actually produced. Since 2008, Ethiopia is EU ＂third country＂ listed for the export of honey. However, the national research system identified serious bottlenecks, such as traditional smallholder level production with very low productivity and problematic supply chain; quality.issues, including adulteration; lack of access to credit; constrained input supply chain and input quality.issues. This paper illustrates how quality.defects have been addressed in a quality.focused value chain development （VCD） approach, with focus on： creating a favorable policy ground; implementing regional, national and continental multi-stakeholder-platforms （MSPs） for dialogue; information and knowledge sharing and sector advocacy; strengthening supportive sector organizations along the value chain; networking and market intelligence, including exposition and conference organization; expansion of research centers and activities; laboratory qualification for intematioual accreditation. Many components are implemented through the largest national apiculture sector development programme called Apiculture Scaling-Up Programme for Income and Rural Employment （ASPIRE）, which transfers innovations to more than 30,000 beekeepers. Among others, ASPIRE was instrumental in qualifying national testing facilities, which in turn led to product quality.improvement. However, more action is required in the fields of business-to-business （B2B） linkages, research, education and training, as well as in making so far voluntary practices mandatory. This also calls for full traceability and routine quality.testing along the value chain.

关键词： Ethiopia apiculture value chain development product quality.

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