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Time-dependent deviation of bridge pile foundations caused by adjacent large-area surcharge loads in soft soils and its preventive measures

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 184-201页

作者： Shuanglong LI Limin WEI Jingtai NIU Zhiping DENG Bangbin WU Wuwen QIAN Feifei HE School of Hydraulic Engineering Nanchang Institute of TechnologyNanchang 330099China School of Civil Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China

Time-dependent characteristics(TDCs)have been neglected in most previous studies investigating the deviation mechanisms of bridge pile foundations and evaluating the effectiveness of preventive *** this study,the stress-strain-time characteristics of soft soils were illustrated by consolidation-creep tests based on a typical engineering *** extended Koppejan model was developed and then embedded in a finite element(FE)model via a user-material subroutine(UMAT).Based on the validated FE model,the time-dependent deformation mechanism of the pile foundation was revealed,and the preventive effect of applying micropiles and stress-release holes to control the deviation was *** results show that the calculated maximum lateral displacement of the cap differs from the measured one by 6.5%,indicating that the derived extended Koppejan model reproduced the deviation process of the bridge cap-pile foundation with *** additional load acting on the pile side caused by soil lateral deformation was mainly concentrated within the soft soil layer and increased with the increase in load *** with t=3 d(where t is surcharge time),the maximum lateral additional pressure acting on Pile 2#increased by approximately 47.0%at t=224 *** bridge pile foundation deviation in deep soft soils,stress-release holes can provide better prevention compared to micropiles and are therefore recommended.

关键词： bridge pile foundation surcharge load soft soil time-dependent deformation interaction mechanism preventive measure

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Cause Analysis and preventive measures of Drug Shortage

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Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy 2022年第2期17卷 120-131页

作者： Zhou Ziyang Ma Jia Liu Fuyao Liu Yuhan Sun Lihua School of Business Administration Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China

Objective To study the current situation and the root cause of drug shortage in China, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions accordingly for relevant national policy decisions. Methods Based on literature research, questionnaire survey and expert consultation, the causes of drug shortage in China were comprehensively investigated, and fishbone diagram was used to further analyze the logical relationship among the causes. Results and Conclusion The main reasons for the shortage of drugs are the low profit of production enterprises and insufficient active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The other reasons include uncertain demand, standard problem and few exclusive manufacturers. Besides, the monopoly of circulation enterprises also leads to the shortage of drugs to a certain extent. It is suggested that we should increase the punishment of monopoly, optimize the market environment, and establish a reasonable drug price mechanism. In addition, enterprises should participate in the information communication platform of medical institutions to solve the asymmetry between supply and demand. The research on clinical drugs to substitute drugs in need should be strengthened, and the reporting system of drug discontinuation should be improved.

关键词： drug shortage causes preventive measure

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Interventions for preventing influenza: An overview of Cochrane systematic reviews and a Bayesian network meta-analysis

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第6期19卷 503-514页

作者： Yi Yuan Rui-ting Wang Jun Xia Hui-juan Cao Department of Tuina and Pain Management Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China Department of Cardiology Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China Nottingham Ningbo GRADE Centre The University of Nottingham NingboNingbo 315100Zhejiang ProvinceChina Division of Epidemiology and Public Health School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China

Background:Influenza places a heavy public health burden in numerous countries every *** addition to vaccines,there are some interventions that are effective in preventing ***:This overview of systematic reviews(SRs)aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interventions for influenza *** strategy:We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,2020,Issue 1 for relevant Cochrane SRs using the keywords‘‘common cold,"‘‘influenza,"and‘‘flu."Inclusion criteria:Cochrane SRs that investigated the prevention of influenza were *** included the general population without influenza or influenza-like symptoms,who were treated with preventative interventions and compared to individuals receiving no treatment or *** extraction and analysis:Two reviewers independently screened citations against pre-defined inclusion criteria and extracted *** methodological quality of these SRs was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-II(AMSTAR-II)*** primary outcome of our analysis was the incidence of influenza,and the secondary outcomes were the incidence of influenza-like illness and *** addition to the narrative summary of SR findings,we also pooled data from homogeneous trials among these SRs and produced evidence *** conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the effect across interventions and used the Cochrane approach to grading of recommendations,assessment,development,and evaluation(GRADE)to assess the quality of ***:Eleven Cochrane SRs were included,covering five medications,eleven vaccinations and four complementary *** these SRs,73%scored"high"quality on AMSTAR-II *** found that eight interventions,including amantadine,garlic,and six different vaccines,were beneficial for reducing the incidence of influenza compared to placebo,while oseltamivir,zanamivir,Ganmao capsule,Echinacea,and another three typ

关键词： Influenza preventive measure Overview Network meta-analysis Evidence mapping Systematic review

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Assessment of Man-made and Natural Hazards in the Surroundings of Hydropower Projects under Construction in the Beas Valley of Northwestern Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第3期4卷 221-236页

作者： Sanjeev Sharma Jagdish C. Kuniyal J. C. Sharma G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development Himachal UnitMohal-Kullu 175 126Himachal Pradesh India Department of Geography Himachal Pradesh University

Mountain ecosystem, on the earth, has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation of electricity through introducing hydropower projects since the last decade However, every developmental activity has its own negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delicacy of ecology of the Himalaya, it results in lot of disturbances because of high degree of human interferences like construction of major hydropower projects. The increased extent of geological hazards, such as landslides, rock fall and soil erosion, have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ecosystem. So understanding and analysing such impacts of the hydropower projects have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study, therefore, focuses mainly on the Parbati Stage II （800 MW） and the Parbati Stage III （520 MW） hydropower projects; both of which fall within the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the perception survey of the local communities, the existing land use pattern, status of total acquired land of the residents by hydropower projects, frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the local communities due to upcoming construction of hydropower projects surrounding to the Parbati Stage II and III have been analysed in the paper. Also, the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impacts have been suggested to strengthen these projects in eco-friendly manner in the mountain context.

关键词： Hydropower project under construction local community hazard preventive measure environment northwestern Indian Himalaya

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THE EVALUATION OF LUNG CANCER PREVENTION IN BAOJI CITY OF SHAANXI PROVINCE OF CHINA

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Academic Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2000年第2期12卷 126-128页

作者：张文丽门伯媛李树业高海燕张木槿薛岗杨琪 Department of Epidemiology Med. Coll. of Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Xi'an 710061 China

Objective: To study the effect of lung cancer prevention in Baoji city, one of the cities with high lung cancer morbidity in China. Methods: To investigate the mortality of lung cancer from 1992 to 1996 in Baoji and compare it with the data of Baoji in 1970s and the current data in whole China. Information of lung cancer patients was collected from the Malignant Tumour Monitoring Station in Baoji. To investigate by sampling survey the status of smoking of Baoji population based on the principle of clustering random sampling. Information about air pollution in 1980s and 1990s was obtained from the Environmental Monitoring Station in Baoji. Results: Comparing with 1970s, the crude mortality rates of lung cancer in Baoji in 1992-1996 increased both in males and females,but the range was narrower than that in whole China. Adjusted mortality rates of lung cancer didn't change in females but decreased in males. However, either crude or adjusted mortality rate was lower than the average level of the whole country. The status of air pollution has been improved dramatically since the early 1980s in Baoji. So far, except total suspended particles (TSP), NOx and SO2 levels have reached the Criteria of Air Quality of China. But the smoking rate was still higher. Conclusion: The prevention of lung cancer in Baoji is effective, but the role of measures needs further study. Baoji should not be considered as a city with high lung cancer morbidity in our country at present.

关键词： lung cancer mortality smoking air pollution preventive measure

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