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Order of Precedence Between Local Laws of Cities with Subordinate Districts and Regulations of Provincial Governments Clarifying premises for Discussion Based on the Characteristics of Laws

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Contemporary Social Sciences 2018年第2期3卷 106-117页

作者： Zheng Tai'an Lin Min Zhang Congrong Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences

The lack of descriptions regarding the order of precedence between the local laws of cities with subordinate districts and the regulations of provincial governments in Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China(Legislation Law) has led to two divergent views. One holds that "the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence over the regulations of provincial governments," while the other supports the exact opposite. This is a value judgment issue in legislation. To reach a solution, we need to clarify the premises based on the characteristics of the laws in question so that a basic common ground can be established for discussion. The first premise for traditional legislation is that a law should be based on experience as well as logic; the second is that the experience of authority subjects, plus the three aspects of logic should outweigh the experience of social subjects, plus the three aspects of logic. With respect to postmodern legislation, the first premise is that experience should override logic, and the second is that the experience of the authority subject should take precedence over that of social subject, with no requirements for logical consistency. Since Legislation Law fal s into the category of postmodern legislation, according to the premises, the argument that the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence enjoys wider acceptance, but the view is logically challenged in terms of conceptual consistency, system consistency and principle consistency. More studies must be conducted to facilitate the discussion.

关键词： cities with subordinate districts local laws regulations of provincial governments order of precedence premises postmodern legislation

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Assessment of Beef Quality Determinants in the Retailing premises

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Engineering（科研） 2019年第10期11卷 675-702页

作者： Joseph Tenson Mwashiuya Samwel Victor Manyele George Mwaluko Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Chemical and Mining Engineering University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

This study explains how infrastructure and beef processing practices in beef retailing premises (BRPs) are useful for beef purchasing decision. In this respect, features and beef retailing practices were assessed against the questionability of beef that is retailed in least developing countries (LDCs). This assessment was carried out by testing the null hypothesis that hypothesizes that BRPs in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya cities do not comply with the FAO technical requirements. The retailed beef in many BRPs is compromised with the status of the infrastructural development, the situation that may result in the questionability of the consumed beef. The Likert based information regarding 22 beef quality impacting factors (BQIF) from BRPs in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya, respectively, was analyzed with respect to the gaps identified and beef retailing conceptual model. This study is important as it provides general picture in connection to the status of the assessed BQIF in BRPs for the cities in the least developing countries (LDCs). In this regard, the study has shown that the compliance of BRPs in the LDCs’ cities is too weak to meet the infrastructural technical requirements due to existence of more stringent provisions in the developed specifications. The study finally identified the local infrastructural beef quality determinants in LDCs’ BRPs as the gap to be bridged by other studies.

关键词： Beef Quality Impacting Factors Beef Retailing premises Beef Processing Area Hygiene in Beef Processing and Storage Least Developing Countries

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The Communist Manifesto,170 Years Later

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学术界 2018年第11期 214-227页

作者： Samir Amin French Marxian Economist Director of the Third World Forum

No text written in the mid-nineteenth century has held the road until today as well as the Communist Manifesto of *** is no any other text written in the middle of the 21th century which retained validity until this day as well as the Manifesto of the Communist *** today entire paragraphs of the text correspond to the contemporary reality even better than in *** from the premises which were hardly visible in the era,Marx and Engels drew the conclusions which the deployment of 170 years of history fully *** this article I will give further enlightening examples.

关键词： text written century premises

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Assessment of Beef Transportation Infrastructure from Slaughtering Facilities in Tanzanian Cities

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Engineering（科研） 2018年第11期10卷 814-836页

This study presents the assessment of beef transportation infrastructure from slaughtering facilities in Tanzanian cities to the retail premises. The quality of beef consumed in many countries is questionable due to poor infrastructural development which may results into contamination and bacteriological infection. This study was carried out in Mbeya and Dar es Salaam where data was collected at the dispatch areas of 3 and 6 slaughtering facilities, respectively. At each slaughter facility, 10 vehicles selected randomly, were assessed. The assessment of beef distribution infrastructure was conducted based on 18 quality impacting factors established from the actual observation and literature review and conceptualized carcass distribution model. With exception to water tightness, painting and engine status during carcass loading, all the assessed beef quality impacting parameters were below 50%, indicating that beef distribution in the surveyed facilities were below the specification of food quality. Generally, the assessment of beef transporting facilities in connection to the first hypothesis of this study, indicted very weak compliance with the requirements, signifying that the vehicles are not acceptable for carcass transportation.

关键词： Slaughtering Facilities Beef Transportation Infrastructure Beef Quality Impacting Parameters Compliance Index Likert Statement Beef Retailing premises

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What Is the Queer——An Introduction to Queer Theory

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海外英语 2012年第11X期 214-215,231页

作者：庄义辉郑州航空工业管理学院外语系河南郑州450015

Queer theory,as a field of post-structuralist critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of the fields of queer studies and Women' s studies,is now receiving more and more academic *** paper gives an introduction to its definition,theorists,basic premises as well as its literary applications,aiming to shed some light on this seemingly "queer" theory.

关键词： queer theorists basic premises literary applicatio

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