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亚太整合行为科学国际会议暨第三届动物行为学研讨会及行为学现代技术培训班

作者： Yiping Du1,Hemin Zhang2,Desheng Li2,Bo Yang1,Ming Wei2,Yingmin Zhou2,Yang Liu2,Yan Huang2 1College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an,Sichuan,625000 2China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda,Wolong,Sichuan,623006

Innate predator recognition procures a survival advantage to prey *** some species,a strong selection pressure has evolved over time to allow prey to distinguish between predatory and non-predatory *** species commonly detect predators using olfactory,visual or acoustic cues and often exhibit anti-predator behaviour to diminish the risk of being preyed *** considering the evolution of predator recognition,an important question to ask is whether the ability to recognize predators is innate or alternatively acquired through *** are many studies that explore innate verses learned predator *** studies show that prey species belonging to many taxa possess genetically programmed abilities to recognize predators,while other studies contrastingly find that some prey may need to learn about particular stimuli to express recognition ***,evidence for social learning about dangerous predators and cultural transmission of predator recognition and teaching has been found in many *** predator recognition would procure an enormous advantage for a *** then investigate whether giant pandas exhibit innate predator *** analyzed behavioural responses of naive adult captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca),to urine from predators and non-predators and a water *** pandas performed more chemosensory investigation and displayed flehmen behaviours more frequently in response to the predator urine compared to non-predator urine and *** also displayed certain defensive behaviour,as indicated by vigilance and in certain cases,a fleeing *** together,our results suggest that there is an innate component to predator recognition in captive giant pandas,although such recognition was only slight to *** is important to consider the implications of the results for ongoing giant panda rehabilitation and reintroduction *** of captive-bred animals ofte

关键词： predator recognition Giant panda Behaviour Odour Reintroduction

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Local predation risk shapes spatial and foraging neophobia patterns in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 457-462页

作者： Chris K. ELVIDGE Pierre J.C. CHUARD Grant E. BROWN Department of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H4B 1R6 Canada

The ＂dangerous niche＂ hypothesis posits that neophobia functions to reduce the cost of habitat use among animals exposed to unknown risks. For example, more dangerous foraging or higher competi- tion may lead to increased spatial neophobia. Likewise, elevated ambient predation threats have been shown to induce phenotypically plastic neophobic predator avoidance. In both cases, neophobia is argued to reduce the cost of living associated with ecological uncertainty. Here, we test the hypothesis that ambient predation shapes both neophobic predator avoidance and spatial and foraging neophobia in Trinidadian guppies. Guppies were exposed to a novel foraging arena paired with a known cue （conspecific alarm cue）, a novel cue （lemon odor）, or a stream water control in three streams differing in ambient predation risk. We demonstrate that guppies from a high-predation-risk stream exhibited risk-averse foraging patterns regardless of the chemical stimulus presented （high spatial neophobia） and that those from a low-predation-risk stream were only risk-averse when the foraging arenas were paired with conspecific alarm cue （lower spatial neophobia）. Those tested in the intermediate- predation-risk stream were consistently intermediate to the high-risk vs. low-risk populations. Our study suggests that ambient predation risk shapes both neophobic predator avoidance and space-use pat- terns and that neophobia may function as a ＂generalized＂ response to ecological uncertainty.

关键词： phenotypic plasticity predator recognition foraging predator recognition predator-prey interactions Trinidadian guppies.

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I smell a rat： Can New Zealand birds recognize the odor of an invasive mammalian predator？

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 34-41页

作者： Mailee STANBURY James V. BRISKIE School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

Although it is well known that birds can assess predation risk through visual and auditory cues, there has been little research into whether similar processes occur with olfactory cues. We examined the role of odor cues in assessing nest predation risk in four species of passerine birds in New Zealand. We compared the ability of two introduced European species （common starling Sturnus vulgaris and song thrush Turdus philomelos） and two native New Zealand species （rifleman Acanthisitta chloris and South Island robin Petroica australis） to respond to the scent of rat urine placed in the nest. Rats are an introduced predator in New Zealand and we expected the native birds, which did not co-evolve with any mammalian predators, to lack behavioral adaptations to the scent of rats at their nest. As expected, both riflemen and robins failed to show any change in their behavior at their nest when rat urine was present compared to a control period in which no scent was present. However, a similar lack of re- sponse was observed in the introduced song thrush; only the common starling changed its behavior in the presence of the rat urine Starlings with rat urine at the nest box were more likely to hesitate before entering and they also approached the nest, but refused to enter more often in the presence of rat scent. Both responses suggest they detected the presence of a predator and changed their behavior to minimize risk to themselves. Although based on a small number of species, our results suggest that responses to pre- dator scent may be less common in New Zealand species, and may be a factor contributing to the vulnerability of native birds to introduced mammalian predators [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 34-41, 2015].

关键词： Predation risk Invasive species Anti-predator adaptations predator recognition Olfactory cues

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