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Agronomic management practices in dryland wheat result in variations in precipitation use efficiency due to their differential impacts on the steps in the precipitation use process

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 92-107页

作者： YANG Wen-jia LI Yu-lin LIU Wei-jian WANG Shi-wen YIN Li-na DENG Xi-ping State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100P.R.China

Yield loss due to low precipitation use efficiency(PUE)occurs frequently in dryland crop production.PUE is determined by a complicated process of precipitation use in farmland,which includes several sequential steps:precipitation infiltrates into the soil,the infiltrated precipitation is stored in soil,the soil-stored precipitation is consumed through transpiration or evaporation,transpired precipitation is used to produce dry-matter,and finally dry-matter is re-allocated to grains.These steps can be quantified by six ratios:precipitation infiltration ratio(SW/SWe;SW,total available water;SWe,available soil water storage at the end of a specific period),precipitation storage ratio(SWe/P;P,effective precipitation),precipitation consumption ratio(ET/SW;ET,evapotranspiration),ratio of crop transpiration to evapotranspiration(T/ET;T,crop transpiration),transpiration efficiency(B/T;B,the increment of shoot biomass)and harvest index(Y/B;Y,grain yield).The final efficiency is then calculated as:PUE=SWe/P×SW/SWe×ET/SW×T/ET×B/T×Y/B.Quantifying each of those ratios is crucial for the planning and execution of PUE improvements and for optimizing the corresponding agronomic practices in a specific agricultural system.In this study,those ratios were quantified and evaluated under four integrated agronomic management systems.Our study revealed that PUE and wheat yield were significantly increased by 8–31%under manure(MIS)or biochar(BIS)integrated systems compared to either conventional farmers’(CF)or high N(HN)integrated systems.In the infiltration and storage steps,MIS and BIS resulted in lower SWe/P but higher SW/SWe compared with CF and HN.Regarding the consumption step,the annual ET/SW under MIS and BIS did not increase due to the higher ET after regreening and the lower ET before regreening compared with CF or HN.The T/ET was significantly higher under MIS and BIS than under CF or HN.In the last two steps,transpiration efficiency and harvest index were less strongly affected by the agronomic management system,although bot

关键词： precipitation use process precipitation use efficiency yield rainfed agriculture

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How precipitation and grazing influence the ecological functions of drought-prone grasslands on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, China?

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第1期13卷 88-97页

作者： HUANG Xiaotao LUO Geping CHEN Chunbo PENG Jian ZHANG Chujie ZHOU Huakun YAO Buqing MA Zhen XI Xiaoyan Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Chinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xinjiang Grassland Technical Popularization Station Urumqi 830049China Qinghai Environmental Sciences Research and Design Institute Co.Ltd. Xining 810007China

Drought-prone grasslands provide a critical resource for the millions of people who are dependent on livestock for food security.However,this ecosystem is potentially vulnerable to climate change(e.g.,precipitation)and human activity(e.g.,grazing).Despite this,the influences of precipitation and grazing on ecological functions of drought-prone grasslands in the Tianshan Mountains remain relatively unexplored.Therefore,we conducted a systematic field investigation and a clipping experiment(simulating different intensities of grazing)in a drought-prone grassland on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in China to examine the influences of precipitation and grazing on aboveground biomass(AGB),soil volumetric water content(SVWC),and precipitation use efficiency(PUE)during the period of 2014–2017.We obtained the meteorological and SVWC data using an HL20 Bowen ratio system and a PR2 soil profile hydrometer,respectively.We found that AGB was clearly affected by both the amount and seasonal pattern of precipitation,and that PUE may be relatively low in years with either low or excessive precipitation.The PUE values were generally higher in the rapid growing season(April–July)than in the entire growing season(April–October).Overall,moderate grazing can promote plant growth under water stress conditions.The SVWC value was higher in the clipped plots than in the unclipped plots in the rapid growing season(April–July),but it was lower in the clipped plots than in the unclipped plots in the slow growing season(August–October).Our findings can enhance the understanding of the ecological effects of precipitation and grazing in drought-prone grasslands and provide data that will support the effective local grassland management.

关键词： climate change human activity aboveground biomass precipitation use efficiency soil volumetric water content water stress

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