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precipitation chemistry and Corresponding Transport Patterns of Influencing Air Masses at Huangshan Mountain in East China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第5期31卷 1157-1166页

作者： SHI ChunE DENG Xueliang YANG Yuanjian HUANG Xiangrong WU Biwen Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences and Remote Sensing of Anhui Province State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Physics and Atmospheric chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Composition and Optical Radiation Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences

One hundred and ten samples of rainwater were collected for chemical analysis at the summit of Huangshan Mountain, a high-altitude site in East China, from July 2010 to June 2011. The volume-weighted-mean （VWM） pH for the whole sampling period was 5.03. SO2- and Ca2＋ were the most abundant anion and cation, respectively. The ionic concentrations varied monthly with the highest concentrations in winter/spring and the lowest in summer. Evident inter-correlations were found among most ions, indicating the common sources for some species and fully mixing characteristics of the alpine precipitation chemistry. The VWM ratio of [SO]-]/[NO3] was 2.54, suggesting the acidity of rainwater comes from both nitric and sulfuric acids. Compared with contemporary observations at other alpine continental sites in China, the precipitation at Huangshan Mountain was the least polluted, with the lowest ionic concentrations. Trajectories to Huangshan Mountain on rainy days could be classified into six groups. The rainwater with influencing air masses originating in Mongolia was the most polluted with limited effect. The emissions of Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces had a strong influence on the overall rain chemistry at Huangshan Mountain. The rainwater with influencing air masses from Inner Mongolia was heavily polluted by anthropogenic pollutants.

关键词： precipitation chemistry air mass inter-relationship transport pattern Huangshan Mountain East China

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THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE precipitation chemistry AT THE CHINESE GREAT WALL STATION,ANTARCTICA IN 1998

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2003年第3期17卷 364-375页

作者：汤洁于晓岚师昱峰程红兵王国贵 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Meteorological Bureau of Heilongjiang Province

This paper reports the analysis results (including pH,conductivity and ion concentrations) of the precipitation samples collected at the Chinese Great Wall Station,Antarctica (62°13′S, 58°58′W,ASL10.0 m) in *** average pH value and conductivity were 5.62 and 85.16 μS/cm,*** pH value and conductivity of precipitation were higher during autumn, but lower during other *** major ions in the precipitation were C1- and Na+,followed by SO_4^(2-),Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),K^+,NO_3^-,NH_4^+ with the lower concentrations in *** positive correlation significantly existing between the major ions,except NO_3^- and NH_4^+,indicated that those major ions might come from same *** fact that the relative abundances of ions in precipitation were very close to that of seawater of Antarctic Ocean indicated that marine aerosol was the dominant source of the ions of ***,there were yet other sources which may contribute to Ca^(2+) ion in the *** precipitation at the area was characterized by marine type chemically.

关键词： Antarctica precipitation chemistry the Chinese Great Wall Station observation

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Effect of atmospheric precipitation on the dissolved loads of the Dongjiang River,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第3期16卷 502-508页

作者： LIJing-ying ZHANGJing SchoolofMaterialsandEnvironmentalSciences QingdaoUniversityofScience＆TechnologyQingdao266042China chemistryandChemicalEngineeringCollege OceanUniversityofChinaQingdao266003China

The atmospheric precipitation plays an important role in influencing the river chemistry of the Dongjiang River. The atmospheric contribution to river water is estimated by reference to Cl concentration called Cl ref . The Cl ref of 41 97 μmol/L represents the highest chloride concentration of the rainwater inputs to river water, thus sea salts are responsible for total Cl concentration of the Dongjiang River. According to the principal compositions of precipitation and river water, two approaches sea salt correction and precipitation correction were proposed in order to correct the contribution proportions of atmospheric precipitation on the solutes and to calculate chemical weathering rate. The results reflected that the atmospheric contribution ratios fluctuate from ～5% to ～20% of TDS(total dissolved solids) in the Dongjiang River. As compared with the other world watersheds, the lower dissolved ion contents and high runoff may result in the obvious influence of precipitation on river chemistry in the Dongjiang basin. The major elemental chemistry is mainly controlled by silicate weathering, with the anion HCO - 3 and cation Ca 2+ and Na\++ dominating the major compositions in this basin. The estimated chemical weathering rate of 15 78—23 48 t/(km 2·a) is only 40%—60% of a global average in the Dongjiang basin. Certainly, the estimated results are still under correction gradually because the effect of human activities on the precipitation chemistry has never been quantified in detail.

关键词： Dongjiang River river solutes precipitation chemistry atmospheric inputs chemical weathering rate

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Characterization of precipitation in the background of atmospheric pollutants reduction in Guilin: Temporal variation and source apportionment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第12期32卷 1-13页

作者： Ling Li Hong Li Liang Peng Yongshan Li Yi Zhou Fahe Chai Zhaoyu Mo Zhiming Chen Jingying Mao Wenxing Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China College of chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Guilin Environmental Monitoring Center Station Guilin 541002China Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection Nanning 530022China Institute of Environmental and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Environmental Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Rainfall samples were collected from three observation sites in Guilin from 2013 to 2017, and the chemical composition characteristics of precipitation and the contribution made by different ion sources were analyzed when atmospheric pollutants levels were reduced. The results showed that acid gas emissions and atmospheric pollutant concentrations continued to decline during the study period. However, the change in the volume-weighted mean p H at the three sites suggested that acid rain pollution was not alleviated and began to deteriorate after 2015. The continuing downward trend for alkaline neutralizing ions(Ca^(2+), NH_4^+) in precipitation indicated that the reduction in alkaline neutralizing substances in the atmosphere was an important factor that led to the deterioration in acid rain across Guilin. The principal component analysis and spearman correlation analysis indicated five sources of ions in precipitation. Quantitative assessment of these five sources indicated that fossil fuel combustion contributed the most ions concentration in precipitation at the three sites, followed by agriculture, terrestrial(crustal) sources, marine sources, and biomass burning. Long-distance airflow might affect the acidity, the electrical conductivity(EC), and ion concentrations in precipitation across Guilin. The airflow trajectory from the west and southeast directions corresponded to higher acidity and ion concentrations. According to the current air pollution control strategy planned by Guilin, reducing atmospheric coarse particles and NH_3 at the same time may potentially lead to further deteriorations in acid rain contents. Therefore, Guilin needs to develop more reasonable pollution prevention measures that synergistically control atmospheric pollutants and acid rain pollution.

关键词： precipitation chemistry Characterization Source contributions Synergistic control Guilin

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Concentration,sources and wet deposition of dissolved nitrogen and organic carbon in the Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain during monsoon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 37-52页

作者： Hemraj Bhattarai Lekhendra Tripathee Shichang Kang Chhatra Mani Sharma Pengfei Chen Junming Guo Prakriti Sharma Ghimire Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) KathmanduNepal Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Kathmandu Center for Research and Education(KCRE) KathmanduNepal

precipitation represents an important phenomenon for carbon and nitrogen ***,the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and total dissolved nitrogen(TDN)with their potential sources were analyzed in wet precipitation during summer monsoon from the Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain(IGP),important but neglected *** volume-weighted mean(VWM)concentration of DOC and TDN were 687.04 and 1210.23μg/L,***,the VWM concentration of major ions were in a sequence of NH_(4)^(+)>Ca^(2+)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Na^(+)>K^(+)>NO_(3)~->Cl~->Mg^(2+)>F~->NO_(2)~-,suggesting NH_(4)^(+)and Ca^(2+)from agricultural activities and crustal dust played a vital role in precipitation ***,the wet deposition flux of DOC and TDN were 9.95 and 17.06 kg/(ha year),*** wet deposition flux of inorganic nitrogen species such as NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were 14.31 and 0.47 kg/(ha year),respectively,demonstrating the strong influence of emission sources and precipitation *** attribution from different analysis suggested the influence of biomass burning on DOC and anthropogenic activities(agriculture,animal husbandry)on nitrogenous *** air-mass back trajectory analysis indicated the influence of air masses originating from the Bay of Bengal,which possibly carried marine and anthropogenic pollutants along with the biomass burning emissions to the sampling *** study bridges the data gap in the less studied part of the northern IGP region and provides new information for policy makers to deal with pollution control.

关键词： precipitation chemistry Dissolved organic carbon Total dissolved nitrogen Major ions Indo-Gangetic Plain

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Seasonal Variation of Tritium and Major Elements in Snow and precipitation in Niigata, Japan

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第10期1卷 1218-1225页

作者： Yurong Jiao Hiroshi Imaizumi Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Niigata 950-2181 Japan Department of chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Niigata University Niigata 950-2181 Japan

In order to evaluate seasonal and regional variations in precipitation in Niigata City, 65 hourly precipitation samples were collected from October 2009 to June 2011 including two snow events. In this work, major ions （Na＋, K＋, Ca2＋, Mg2＋, NH4＋, SO4^2-, NO3- and Cl-） were combined with tritium （^3H or T） concentration （T specific activity） in both precipitation and snow, and transformation patterns of polluted air mass in Niigata region were revealed. The low level tritium in precipitation was measured by a distillation process and an electrolytic enrichment process. Each tritium concentration in the precipitation sample thus obtained was measured by liquid scintillation counter. On the basis of the above measurement and analysis, it was found that the tritium and nss （non-sea-salt） calcium concentrations showed a seasonal variation with a highest value in spring over one year.

关键词： precipitation chemistry tritium tracer backward trajectory analysis Fukusima accident Niigata City.

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Maintenance of an abrupt boundary between needle-leaved and broad-leaved forests in a wetland near coast

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第A2期20卷 91-98,I0001页

作者： Shiro Tsuyuzaki Akira Haraguchi Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan Faculty of Environmental Engineering The University of Kitakyushu Kitakyushu 808-0135 Japan

There is an abrupt boundary between two well-developed wetland forests, a stand consisting of a broad-leaved, nitrogen-fixer Alnusjaponica and a stand of the needle-leaved Picea glehnii Masters, in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. To clarify maintenance mechanisms, we studied the forest profile, water level, groundwater and precipitation chemistry, seedling establishment patterns in relation to microhabitats, and seed migration. The profile of groundwater level insufficiently explained the abrupt boundary formation, while the groundwater chemistry differed significantly between the two forests ; i.e., EC, Na^＋, K^＋, Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋ and Cl^- were higher in P. glehnii forest and pH was lower. precipitation in P. glehnii forest contained richer Na＋, Ca^2＋ and Cl^-, indicating that the differences in surface-water chemistry were mostly derived from precipitation. Solar radiation was less than 2.2 MJ.m^-2.d^-1 on P. glehnii forest in late June, while that was patchily distributed in *** forest with a range from 1.0 to 3.7 MJ＇m^-2＇d^-1. Moss cover on the soil surface, most of which were made of Sphagnum spp., was 60% in P. glehnii forest, but was 10% in A. japonica forest. Surface water chemistry represented by pH was considered to determine the development of Sphagnum moss. About 70% of P. glehnii seedlings 〈 1.3 m in height established on moss cover. Seed-sowing experiments suggested that seed germination and seedling survival for both species were significantly higher in P. glehnii forest. Therefore, the regeneration of P. glehnii in A. japonica forest was negligible, owing to the paucity of favorable microhabitats and low seedling establishment. A. japonica regenerated only by resprouting, and the seedlings were few in both forests. In addition, A. japonica seed migration into the P. glehnii forests was greatly restricted, and low solar radiation in the P. glehnii forest contributed to low seedling survival. Based on those results, we concluded that Picea glehnii and Alnu

关键词： Alnusjaponica microhabitat Picea glehnii positive feedback switch precipitation chemistry seed dispersal wetland forest

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