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地球物理学进展 1986年第2期 116-122页

作者： F.W.Jones J.A.Majorowicz H.L.Lam 武传真

在加拿大的艾伯塔（Alberta）、萨斯喀彻温（Saskatchewan）和曼尼托巴（Manitoba）,用大约36000口井的井底温度值来研究热梯度和热流密度,发现贯穿于普雷里（prairies）盆地的热流密度随深度而变化。中生代加新生代和古生代沉积物之间... 详细信息

在加拿大的艾伯塔（Alberta）、萨斯喀彻温（Saskatchewan）和曼尼托巴（Manitoba）,用大约36000口井的井底温度值来研究热梯度和热流密度,发现贯穿于普雷里（prairies）盆地的热流密度随深度而变化。中生代加新生代和古生代沉积物之间存在着热流密度差,并与流体动力学有关,而后者是受地形控制的。在（地下水）补给区,测区上部中生代加新生代地层的热流密度小于测区下部古生代建造的热流密度,但在排放区则相反。供给区和排放区之间的地区,随着深度延深到盆地的中部,热流近似为常数。这个地区的热流密度是在60mWm-2和80mWm-2之间并且能够反映出深部地壳热流密度的特征。有人提出,在下地壳中前寒武纪基底的温度变化虽与深度无关,但与热流异常的状态是有联系的。

关键词：热流密度中生代中生界地质年代 prairies 沉积盆地加拿大北美洲

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Moth diversity in three biofuel crops and native prairie in Illinois

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 407-419页

作者： Terry Harrison May R. Berenbaum Department of Entomology University of Ilfinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA

The expanding demand for biofuel feedstock may lead to large-scale con- scription of land for monoculture production ofbiofuel crops with concomitant substantial negative impacts on biodiversity. We compared moth diversity in light-trap samples from corn, miscanthus, switchgrass and native prairie, to determine whether there is an observ- able relationship between plant species diversity and moth abundance and diversity. Moth alpha diversity was highest in prairie and was higher in switchgrass than in the other two biofuel crops. Beta diversity generally was low among the biofuel crops, and prairie shared lower beta diversity with switchgrass than with corn or miscanthus. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences in moth abundance per species among treatments. The alpha and beta diversity index findings are consistent with those of other studies on arthro- pods in biofuel crops and provide evidence to suggest that large-scale conversion of acreage to biofuel crops may have substantial negative effects on arthropod biodiversity both within the cropping systems and in the surrounding landscape.

关键词： agricultural landscapes biodiversity bioenergy ecosystem services moths prairies

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REENGAGING THE LAND AT THE GEORGE *** PRESIDENTIAL CENTER

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Journal of Green Building 2014年第3期9卷 3-22页

作者： Laura Solano Herb Sweeney IV Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates Landscape Architects Senior Associate Michael Van Valkenburgh AssociatesLandscape Architects

In planning the George *** Presidential Center in Dallas,Texas,former First Lady Laura Bush presented a very clear vision of what the Center should epitomize:“Because George was the first president of the new millennium,I wanted it to be forward and modern.”1 For the president and *** this meant making the building and landscape environmentally responsible,beautiful,and *** particular,their love of native Texas landscapes was an important framework for transforming the project’s urban site into a park that was sustainable and experientially rich for *** was addressed from the start with smart planning that privileged contiguous parkland over impermeable surfaces and *** consideration of every landscape component—-stormwater,plants,soil,topography,and more—netted cohesive natural systems that are better able to succeed with short-term establishment and provide enduring long-term health,the ultimate goals for a sustainable landscape.

关键词： presidential libraries parks sustainable landscapes stormwater management cistern irrigation tank forebay bioswale native ecologies native plants prairies meadows planting soil Texas

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End-Member Selection in Two-Component Isotope-Based Hydrograph Separation

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2019年第2期9卷 41-53页

作者： Samuel Bansah Jonathan Quaye-Ballard Samuel Andam-Akorful Edward Bam Geophrey K. Anornu Department of Geological Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Isotope Hydrology Research Program (IHReP) Kumasi Ghana Department of Geological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Manitoba’s Watershed Systems Research Program Manitoba Canada Center for Earth Observation Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada Department of Geomatic Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Global Institute of Water Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Department of Civil Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

The science that underpins our knowledge and understanding of Isotope-Based Hydrograph separation (IHS) has gained grounds, over the last few decades, in the identification of streamflow sources. However, challenges still exist in identifying appropriate tracers and the right combination of end-members for the IHS process. In a two-component IHS analysis, the application of the dual isotopes tracers, δ18O and (or) δ2H, is regarded as the simplest method. We undertook an IHS study within a nested system of eight Prairie watersheds located in South central Manitoba, Canada. The work evaluated about 17,000 results emanating from the application of a combination of two potential tracers (δ18O and δ2H) and eight each of potential “old” and “new” water end-members in a two-component IHS process. The outcome showed occurrences of many mathematically possible but hydrologically unacceptable IHS results. The observation was particularly predominant within relatively larger perennial sub-catchments of the watershed. It is also shown that inter-site sub-catchment isotopic end-member transferability is possible within watersheds of similar physio-hydrographic characteristics. We suggest that a careful evaluation of the physio-hydrographic characteristics of catchments be considered in IHS studies in addition to the recommended guidelines in the selection of tracers and end-members.

关键词： Hydrograph Separation Oxygen-18 Deuterium Stable Isotopes End-Member Definitions Canadian prairies

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