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Effect of powdered activated carbon on Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment in submerged membrane bioreactor with electronic control backwashing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第9期19卷 1037-1042页

作者： LIU Xiao-lei REN Nan-qi MA Fang School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China. School of Water Conservancy and Environment Engineering Changchun Institute of Technology Changchun 130012 China

Chinese traditional medicine wastewater, rich in macromolecule and easy to foam in aerobic biodegradation such as Glycosides, was treated by two identical bench-scale aerobic submerged membrane bioreactors （SMBRs） operated in parallel under the same feed, equipped with the same electronic control backwashing device. One was used as the control SMBR （CSMBR） while the other was dosed with powdered activated carbon （PAC）（PAC-amended SMBR, PSMBR）. The backwashing interval was 5 min. One suction period was about 90 min by adjusting preestablished backwashing vacuum and pump frequency. The average flux of CSMBR during a steady periodic state of 24 d （576 h） was 5.87 L/h with average hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 5.97 h and that of PSMBR during a steady periodic state of 30 d （720 h） was 5.85 L/h with average HRT of 5.99 h. The average total chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency of CSMBR was 89.29% with average organic loading rate （OLR） at 4.16 kg COD/（m^3.d） while that of PSMBR was 89.79% with average OLR at 5.50 kg COD/（m^3.d）. COD concentration in the effluent of both SMBRs achieved the second level of the general wastewater effluent standard GB8978-1996 for the raw medicine material industry （300 mg/L）. Hence, SMBR with electronic control backwashing was a viable process for medium-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment. Moreover, the increasing rates of preestablished backwashing vacuum, pump frequency, and vacuum and flux loss caused by mixed liquor in PSMBR all lagged compared to those in CSMBR; thus the actual operating time of the PSMBR system without membrane cleaning was extended by up to 1.25 times in contrast with the CSMBR system, and the average total COD removal efficiency of PSMBR was enhanced with higher average OLR.

关键词： electronic control backwashing powdered activated carbon membrane bioreactor aerobic process wastewater treatment

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Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon adsorption

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 158-165页

作者： Yan MA Naiyun GAO Wenhai CHU Cong LI State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Institute of Municipal Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

In this study, the adsorption performance of powdered activated carbon （PAC） on phenol was investi- gated in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters like PAC type, PAC dose, initial solution pH, temperature and pre-oxidation on the adsorption of phenol by PAC and establish the adsorption kinetics, thermo- dynamics and isothermal models. The results indicated that PAC adsorption is an effective method to remove phenol from water, and the effects of all the five factors on adsorption of phenol were significant. The adsorption rate of phenol by PAC was rapid, and more than 80% phenol could be absorbed by PAC within the initial 10 min. The adsorption process can be well described by pseudo- second-order adsorption kinetic model with rate constant amounted to 0.0313, 0.0305 and 0.0241 mg.μg .min -1 with coal, coconut shell and bamboo charcoal. The equilibrium data of phenol absorbed onto PAC were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorp- tion isotherms and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model gave the best correlation with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as the standard Gibbs free energy （△G0）, enthalpy （△H0） and entropy （△S0） obtained in this study indicated that the adsorption of phenol by PAC is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy decreasing.

关键词： phenol powdered activated carbon adsorption kinetics isotherms

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Mechanism of powdered activated carbon enhancing caproate production

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第4期34卷 415-419页

作者： Siying Xiang Qinglian Wu Weitong Ren Wanqian Guo Nanqi Ren College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

Caproate, produced by microbial chain elongation process, is potential to replace the diversified fossilbased products, contributing to carbon neutrality. However, its production performance is far from industrial application, so the cost-effective enhancement measures are highly needed. This study confirmed powdered activated carbon(PAC) has a significant effect on enhancing caproate production *** production, yield, and selectivity of caproate were improved by more than 1-fold by the optimized PAC dosage of 15 g/L, comparing with control. Mechanism investigation from a new visual angle showed that PAC accelerated ethanol oxidation to generate acetyl-Co A, and simultaneously boosted the efficiency of reverse β oxidation(RBO) by promoting the timely reaction of butyrate and acetyl-Co A to synthesis caproate. The addition of PAC also shifted the microbial community by enriching more caproateproducing bacteria but eliminating irrelevant ones. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis revealed that PAC effectively up-regulated the functional genes encoding key enzymes responsible for ethanol oxidation and RBO pathway, which was the root cause for the improved caproate production. This study presented the intrinsic insights into the mechanism of PAC promoting caproate generation, laying a foundation to the scale production of caproate.

关键词： Medium chain fatty acids Caproate powdered activated carbon Functional genes Metagenome

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Study on Regeneration of powdered activated carbon by Electron Beam

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Advances in Manufacturing 2000年第S1期4卷 165-168页

作者： WU Ming-hong, BAO Bo-rong, CHEN Jie, LU Li-rong Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute Shanghai University Shanghai 201800 China

The powdered activated carbon which had adsorbed phenylglycine solution from pharmaceutics factory can be regenerated by mean of irradiation of high-energy electron beams in oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor respectively. The effects of radiation dose and beam current on regeneration of activated carbon in different atmosphere were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the iodine number of activated carbon were used to monitor the change of carbon adsorption. The results show that the powder activated carbon polluted with phenlglycine could be regenerated effectively by irradiation of high energy electron beams in nitrogen stream. The generation did not need high temperature, and the weight loss of carbon and energy consumption were minimum.

关键词： powdered activated carbon regeneration iodine number

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Adsorption of residual amine collector HAY from aqueous solution by refined carbon from coal fly ash and activated carbon

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第1期24卷 30-38页

作者：李显波叶军建邱跃琴李龙江卯松刘志红张覃 College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Mining College Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China National&Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering for Effective Utilization of Regional Mineral Resources from Karst Areas Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Guizhou Key Lab of Comprehensive Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral Resources Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China

Refined carbon(RC) derived from coal fly ash(CFA) as well as powdered activated carbon(PAC) was investigated as adsorbent to remove residual amine collector HAY from aqueous *** RC and PAC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),surface area measurement,Zeta potential measurement and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) *** effect factors and mechanisms of HAY adsorption onto RC and PAC were studied in *** results show that the experimental kinetic data agree well with the pseudo second-order equation,and the Langmuir isotherm model is found to be more appropriate to explicate the experimental equilibrium isotherm results than the Freundlich *** adsorption capacities of PAC and RC increase with *** is found that alkaline condition is conducive to the adsorption of HAY onto PAC and RC and the adsorption efficiency of RC is close to PAC at pH near *** potential variation of adsorbents suggests that HAY generates electrostatic adsorption onto RC and *** analysis shows that the adsorption is dominantly of a physical *** Box-Behnken design optimization conditions of process are RC 1 g/L,pH 11,temperature 302 K and initial HAY concentration 100 mg/*** these conditions,the measured adsorption ratio and adsorption capacity are 87.91%and 87.91 mg/g,***,the RC is considered to be a potential adsorbent for the removal of residual amine from aqueous solution.

关键词： powdered activated carbon coal fly ash refined carbon adsorption amine collector HAY

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Rapid removal of bisphenol A on highly ordered mesoporous carbon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第2期23卷 177-182页

作者： Qian Sui Jun Huang Yousong Liu Xiaofeng Chang Guangbin Ji Shubo Deng Tao Xie Gang Yu Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University - VEOLIA Environnement Joint Research Center for Advanced Environmental Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Nanomaterials Research Institute College of Materials Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China

Bisphenol A （BPA） is of global concern due to its disruption of endocrine systems and ubiquity in the aquatic environment. It is important, therefore, that efforts are made to remove it from the aqueous phase. A novel adsorbent, mesoporous carbon CMK-3, prepared from hexagonal SBA- 15 mesoporous silica was studied for BPA removal from aqueous phase, and compared with conventional powdered activated carbon （PAC）. Characterization of CMK-3 by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption indicated that prepared CMK-3 had an ordered mesoporous structure with a high specific surface area of 920 m^2/g and a pore-size of about 4.9 nm. The adsorption of BPA on CMK-3 followed a pseudo second-order kinetic model. The kinetic constant was 0.00049 g/（***）, much higher than the adsorption of BPA on PAC. The adsorption isotherm fitted slightly better with the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model, and adsorption capacity decreased as temperature increased from 10 to 40℃. No significant influence of pH on adsorption was observed at pH 3 to 9; however, adsorption capacity decreased dramatically from pH 9 to 13.

关键词： mesoporous carbon CMK-3 powdered activated carbon bisphenol A endocrine disrupting chemicals

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Preparation and characterization of a lipoid adsorption material and its atrazine removal performance

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第8期23卷 1293-1298页

作者： Zhiqiang Chen Qinxue Wen Jiaxiang Lian Nanqi Ren State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China. National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China

A novel adsorbent named lipold adsorption material （LAM）, with a hydrophoblc nucleolus （trlolem） and a hydrophlllc membrane structure （polyamide）, was synthesized to remove hydrophobic organic chemicals （HOCs） from solution. Triolein, a type of lipoid, was entrapped by the polyamide membrane through an interfacial polymerization reaction. The method of preparation and the structure of the LAM were investigated and subsequent experiments were conducted to determine the characteristics of atrazine （a type of HOC） removal from wastewater using LAM as the adsorbent. The results showed that LAM had a regular structure compared with the prepolymer, where compact particles were linked with each other and openings were present in the structure of the LAM in which the fat drops formed from triolein were entrapped. In contrast to the atrazine adsorption behavior of powdered activated carbon （PAC）, LAM showed a persistent adsorption capacity for atrazine when initial concentrations of 0.57, 1.12, 8.31 and 19.01 mg/L were present, and the equilibrium time was 12 hr. Using an 8 mg/L initial concentration of atrazine as an indicator of HOCs in aqueous solution, experiments on the adsorption capacity of the LAM showed 69.3% removal within 6-12 hr contact time, which was close to the 75.5% removal of atrazine by PAC. Results indicated that LAM has two atrazine removal mechanisms, namely the bioaccumulation of atrazine by the nucleous material and physical adsorption to the LAM membrane. Bioaccumulation was the main removal mechanism.

关键词： lipoid adsorption material atrazine powdered activated carbon

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Optimized photocatalytic regeneration of adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional composite saturated with Methyl Orange

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第8期32卷 40-51页

作者： Yi Shang Xing Li Yanling Yang Nan Wang Xiaoxuan Zhuang Zhiwei Zhou College of Architecture and Civil engineering Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

Photo-responsive adsorption-photocatalysis nanocomposites are generally used in water and wastewater decontamination;however,the prolonged adsorption capacity of composites and the role of adsorption in concomitant photocatalysis are typically *** composites can be regenerated under light irradiation as their adsorption capacity ***,a novel adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional nanocomposite,Bi-doped TiO2 supported on powdered activated carbon(Bi2O3/TiO2/PAC),was prepared using the solimpregnation-hydrothermal ***2O3/TiO2/PAC with a secondary calcination temperature of 700℃under a nitrogen atmosphere was selected for maximum adsorption capacity on Methyl Orange(MO).The composite displayed an excellent adsorption capacity and was easily separated and *** results demonstrate that 71.2%photocatalytic regeneration efficiency could be attained under visible light irradiation for 1 hr at an intensity of 750 W/m^2 and pH *** of the as-prepared Bi2O3/TiO2/PAC nanocomposite(700℃)indicates that it possesses a highly specific surface area and great optical properties,showing bifunctional adsorption-photocatalysis *** p-n heterojunction of the composite played a dominant role in the photocatalytic regeneration process,and effective degradation of MO could be achieved along with composite regeneration.

关键词： Photocatalytic regeneration Nanocomposite powdered activated carbon Adsorption Photocatalysis

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The influence of chlorinated aromatics＇ structure on their adsorption characteristics on activated carbon to tackle chemical spills in drinking water source

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 138-146页

作者： Pengfei LIN Yuan ZHANG Xiaojian ZHANG Chao CHEN Yuefeng XIE Irwin H SUFFET School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Environmental Programs Pennsylvania State University Middletown PA 17057 USA Department of Environment Health Sciences University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

This study focused on evaluating the efficiency of powdered activated carbon （PAC） adsorption process and tackling chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols spill in drinking water source. The adsorption kinetics and PAC＇s capacities for five chlorobenzenes and three chlorophenols at drinking water contamination levels were studied in order to determine the influence of different functional groups on the adsorption behavior. The results showed that PAC adsorption could be used as an effective emergency drinking water treatment process to remove these compounds. The adsorption kinetics took 30 min to achieve nearly equilibrium and could be described by both pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. A mathematic relationship was developed between the pseudo first-order adsorption rate constant, k1, and the solutes＇ properties including lgKow, polarizability and molecular weight. The Freundlich isotherm equation could well describe the adsorption equilibrium behaviors of chlorinated aromatics with r2 from 0.920 to 0.999. The H-bond donor/acceptor group, hydrophobicity, solubility and molecular volume were identified as important solute properties that affect the PAC adsorption capacity. These results could assist water professionals in removing chlorinated aromatics during emergency drinking water treatment.

关键词： chlorinated aromatics adsorption powdered activated carbon kinetics equilibrium

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Comparative study on the removal technologies of 2-methylisoborneol(MIB) in drinking water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第1期18卷 47-51页

作者： LIANG Cun-zhen WANG Dong-sheng GE Xiao-peng YANG Min SUN Wei State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Beijing 100085 China Department of Environmental Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617 China

Removal of 2-methylisoborneol （MIB） in drinking water by ozone, powdered activated carbon （PAC）, potassium permanganate and potassium ferrate was investigated. The adsorption kinetics of MIB by both wood-based and coat-based PACs show that main removal of MIB occurs within contact time of 1 h. Compared with the wood-based PAC, the coat-based PAC evidently improved the removal efficiency of MIB. The removal percentage of trace MIB at any given time for a particular carbon dosage was irrelative to the initial concentration of MIB. A series of experiments were performed to determine the effect of pH on the ozonation of MIB. The results show that pH has a significant effect on the ozonation of MIB. It is conclusive that potassium permanganate and potassium ferrate are ineffective in removing the MIB in drinking water.

关键词： odor MIB ozonation powdered activated carbon potassium permanganate potassium ferrate

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