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China & World Economy 2022年第3期30卷 161-186页

作者： Yong Qin Yingfeng Fang School of Economics Nanjing Audit UniversityChina School of Economics and Management Wuhan UniversityChina

This paper uses the Rural E-Commerce Demonstration County(REDC)policy to estimate the effect of e-commerce on poverty reduction.We discover that the REDC policy enhanced the gross regional product per capita by 8.4 percent for the total sample of counties and 10.5 percent for a subsample of poor counties.Specifically,the REDC policy increased the aggregate final product in primary industry by 10.6 percent.The final product per capita in the secondary and service sectors was 13.1 percent and 3.3 percent higher in the REDCs than in other counties,respectively.The effects were even greater for the subsample of poor counties.The estimates demonstrate that e-commerce developed quickly in the REDCs since the implementation of the REDC policy.The income of those involved in e-commerce increased,yielding more aggregate savings deposits.The expansion of e-commerce induced more investment,suggesting that more aggregate loans are being made in REDCs.This evidence suggests new opportunities for poor people in the new digital economy.

关键词： e-commerce poverty reduction rural e-commerce demonstration county

poverty reduction Effect of Chinese Aid and Investment in the Belt and Road

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China Finance and Economic Review 2019年第1期8卷 73-92页

作者： Yuan Zhang China University of Labor Relations

China contributes to poverty reduction in devceloping countrics along the Belt and Road(B&R)by the way of aid and investment,taking infrastructure construction as a break through and state-owned capital as the main force.The empirical study of the B&R countries'panel data of 2000-2017 shows that Chinese aid and investment help to reduce poverty rate,and there is a threshold effect between investment and poverty rate reduction.When the per capita GDP level is below the threshold value,the poverty reduction effect of Chinese investment is more significant.Different types of aid and investment generate different poverty reduction effects:construction project investment and green land investment have more significant effects,and poverty reduction mechanism based on infrastructure construction has better poverty reduction effect than transfer payment aid.The correlation between state-owned enterprise investment and poverty rate reduction is significant,and state owned capital plays an important role in poverty reduction in the B&R developing countries.The research also finds that poverty reduction effct of Chinese aid and investment is realized mainly by capital formation and job creation in these countries.

关键词： foreign aid investment poverty reduction the Belt and Road

Does empowering women benefit poverty reduction?Evidence from a multi-component program in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 1092-1106页

作者： GU Rui NIE Feng-ying Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

Ending poverty is a top priority of the international development agenda,and governments worldwide have attached great importance to poverty alleviation measures.However,poverty reduction policies have mostly focused on men,which has widened the gap in productivity and income between men and women and increased gender inequality.This paper aims to determine the impacts of a multi-component program on women's empowerment and poverty reduction,and explore the role empowered women play in poverty reduction.The dataset used in this study was collected in nine poor counties of Ulanqab City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China at the end of 2014,yielding a sample of 900 households.Recall questions were used to reconstruct the baseline data and build a panel dataset.Smaller groups of rural households were further identified to better target the women in the beneficiary group.To control the selection bias,propensity score matching,inverse probability weighting,and the difference-in-differences matching method were used to analyze the effect of the program and undertake robust checks.The results show that the program has positive effects on women's empowerment and poverty reduction simultaneously.Empowering women also has positive effects on poverty reduction,and the women who were the beneficiaries have contributed to increasing the incomes and living standards of households.Training,microfinance,and associations are common means or strategies to empower women to address poverty.This paper provides new empirical evidence that women can benefit from a gender-focus program through portfolio intervention such as training,cooperatives,and credit.Empowered women further improve the livelihoods of poor households and help lift them out of poverty.The results suggest that researchers and policymakers need to pay more attention to poverty issues from the perspective of gender.

关键词： women empowerment poverty reduction Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

poverty reduction and Effects of Pro-poor Policies in Rural China

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China & World Economy 2014年第2期22卷 22-41页

作者： Shi Li School of Economics and Business Beijing Normal University

The present paper describes changes in poverty reduction in recent decades and the effects of income growth and inequality on poverty reduction in rural China. The paper also examines the main poverty alleviation policies implemented in rural areas over the past l 0 years and assesses the effectiveness and efficiency of these policies from the perspective of targeting accuracy. It is found that China has achieved significant progress in rural poverty reduction in recent decades, although the speed of poverty reduction has varied from one period to another. The largest contribution to rural poverty reduction has been economic growth, which has been increasingly offset by the inequality effect on poverty reduction. In addition, poverty alIeviation policies are effective, but not efficient.

关键词： growth inequality poverty reduction rural China

The contribution of cooperative irrigation scheme to poverty reduction in Tanzania

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 953-963页

作者： ZHANG Chuan-hong Wandella Amos BENJAMIN WANG Miao College of Humanities and Development Studies China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China CGCOC Agriculture Development Co. Ltd.Beijing 100101P.R.China

Irrigation system is a scare resource in most of drought-stricken Africa.How to manage and maintain the existing irrigation facilities in Africa is a debatable issue to both policy makers and beneficiaries.Irrigation facilities run by farmer cooperatives are considered ineffective,unsuccessful and dysfunctional in Tanzania by many researchers.A cooperative irrigation scheme is a mechanism that features the collective management of rural irrigation facilities by farmers'cooperative with some government intervention and external support.There is an increasing emphasis on the roles of cooperative irrigation scheme in the development of the agriculture sector and poverty reduction of smallholder farmers.In this study,the authors investigated the management and services of this scheme and analyzed its contribution to poverty reduction of smallholder rice farmers and community development in Tanzania through both quantitative and qualitative methods.The results showed that the scheme helped smallholder farmers increase the rice production and brought better market opportunities.The farmers'net income was also increased.Profit generated from rice farming not only improved the livelihoods of smallholder farmers but also created more employment opportunities in the rural communities.The research also revealed that the scheme was faced with a number of challenges due to resource and institutional constraints and low-level human capacity for both management and members.The research provides a feasible approach to effective management of small-scale agricultural infrastructure for poverty reduction in Africa.

关键词： farmer cooperative irrigation rice production poverty reduction Tanzania

poverty reduction, Cultural Narrative, and the Realization of Development Rights in South-South Cooperation

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The Journal of Human Rights 2018年第1期17卷 29-35页

作者：卜卫 HU Liang the Media Communication and Youth Development Research Center of Institute of Journalism and Communication Studies Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The development of any country or society requires a cultural context. A cultural narrative influence the process of development by shaping people’s views and actions, and thus policy. This paper first discusses the importance of cultural narratives, and then analyzes the different cultural narratives on poverty reduction, development, right to development, and South-South Cooperation. It illustrates how cultural narratives significantly influence social justice development and reforms.

关键词： cultural narrative poverty reduction South-South Cooperation development rights

Impact of climate-smart agricultural technology on multidimensional poverty in rural Ethiopia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 1021-1041页

作者： Tsegaye Mulugeta HABTEWOLD Department of Economics College of Business and EconomicsArsi UniversityAssela 2120Ethiopia

A large body of empirical literature showed that the adoption of agricultural technologies reduces poverty. However, dominants of those studies so far used one-dimensional income or expenditure-based measures of poverty which may not reflect other types of deprivations. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to examine the impact of adopting climate-smart agricultural technology, which refers to a joint application of row planting methods and the use of chemical fertilizers, on the multidimensional poverty status of rural households in Ethiopia. To estimate the impact of the stated technologies, this study employs propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression methods. To measure the multidimensional poverty index, the study also uses the Alkire and Foster counting approach. Using the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey(ESS), collected in 2015-Wave 3, the results of the study show that the adoption of these technologies reduces deprivation score and one of its component, the standard of living part. Regionally, a high reduction in deprivation is observed in Amhara and Oromiya regions. The results also show that the impact is significantly higher in severely deprived households. It is also observed that the reduction in multidimensional poverty due to the technology is through an increase in income/consumption via improvement in production gain. The impact channels more through the non-food expenditure pathway. Finally, this study also sheds light on the effects that technology adoption has on multidimensional poverty reduction.

关键词： multidimensional poverty rural poverty technology adoption poverty reduction poverty pathways Ethiopia

Whatever happened to China’s neglected tropical diseases?

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2019年第5期8卷 1-3页

作者： Peter J.Hotez Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology&MicrobiologyNational School of Tropical MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Hagler Institute for Advanced Studies at Texas A&M University College StationTXUSA Department of Biology Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA James A Baker III Institute of Public Policy Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago,both extreme poverty and parasitic infections and other neglected tropical diseases were highly prevalent.Owing to social development,particularly economic reforms since the 1980s,poverty has since been dramatically reduced,and China became increasingly urbanized and industrialized.In parallel,China's economic transformation translated into similar and remarkable reductions in neglected tropical diseases.Qian and colleagues report in their review published in Infectious Diseases of poverty,the elimination or near elimination as a public health problem of lymphatic filariasis,trachoma,soil-transmitted helminth infections,schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases.Of note,neglected tropical disease control and poverty reduction each appear to reinforce the other.China's formula for success in parasitic and neglected tropical disease control might translate to other parts of the world,such as in sub-Saharan Africa through China's new Belt and Road Initiative.

关键词： Control Elimination Neglected tropical diseases Parasitic infections People's Republic of China poverty reduction

A critical review of policies and legislation protecting Tanzanian wetlands

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第12期4卷 2-12页

作者： Silvia Francis Materu Brigitte Urban Susanne Heise Department of Biosciences Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and EducationSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Institute of Ecology Faculty of Sustainability SciencesLeuphana University of LüneburgLüneburgGermany Faculty of Life sciences Hamburg University of Applied SciencesHamburgGermany

Introduction:The benefit of wetlands for reducing poverty depends on the effectiveness of governance systems that influence peoples’behaviour in the wise use of wetlands.Objectives:This article critically analyses the current poverty reduction strategies,agrarian policies and economic investments governing wetland usage,especially in Tanzania,with regard to their impact on sustainable Ramsar wetlands management.Methodology:It analyses the management structure,domestic policies and legal framework relating to the protection of wetlands in Tanzania in accordance to the wise use concept of the Ramsar Convention.Outcomes:Tanzanian legal provisions for wetland protection are uncoordinated and too limited in their coverage and scope to sufficiently address the destruction of wetland ecosystems.There is no comprehensive national legal framework to guide sustainable management of Ramsar wetlands in Tanzania as laid out by the Ramsar Convention,which the country ratified in the year 2000.Conclusion:Without a sound legislative and policy-making framework,Tanzanian wetlands and their diverse ecosystem services will continue to degenerate with current strategies of increasing agribusiness and other developmental projects or economic investments.This paper provides critical baseline information to inform decision makers to develop appropriate policy and laws,which promote the wise use of wetlands in Tanzania.

关键词： Economic investments poverty reduction wetland ecosystems Ramsar Sites legal frameworks sustainability

Effects of Rural Medical Financial Assistance in China

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China & World Economy 2007年第2期15卷 16-28页

作者： Ling Zhu Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing China

This paper presents research results from the evaluation of the Medical Financial Assistance （MFA） program, supported by the Worm Bank, to extremely poor rural residents. It is found that MFA can help to improve the ability of the poor to make use of medical services, and especially their ability to receive services from township clinics. The present study also shows that adoption of the MFA mechanism helps to reduce the impact of disease on the economies of poor families, and prevents the poor afflicted with serious illnesses from being marginalized. However, as the beneficiaries often suffer from serious, complicated and lasting illnesses, the fnancial assistance is often insignificant in relation to medical eapenses. Furthermore, the MFA plays no significant role in restoring a patient＇s income-earning ability.

关键词： financial assistance poverty reduction rural medical