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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2024年第1期13卷 90-90页

作者： Ernest Tambo Chidiebere E.Ugwu Amberbir Alemayehu Anil Krishna Agnes Binagwaho Center for Leadership in Global Health Equity University of Global HealthEquityKigaliRwanda Africa Disease Intelligence Preparedness and Response(ADIPR)YaoundeCameroon Higher Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineBangangteCameroon Institute for Global Health Equity Research University of Global Health EquityKigaliRwanda Department of Human Biochemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewiAnambraNigeria

The recent 78th United Nations General Assembly(UNGA)declaration relaunched a new health priority and political commitment in accelerating Universal Health Coverage(UHC),adopted by the United Nations(UN)in 2015 and are intended to be met by 2030.At mid-way point of UHC implementation,we advocate for the much needed program-matic implementation research,evidence-based interventions(EBls)policies and strategies leadership and manage-ment capacity building to enable robust,resilient and sustainable multi-sectoral partnerships,integrated coordination and governance mechanisms capabilities in accelerating UHC package mainly infectious diseases of poverty elimina-tion and eradication agenda.

关键词： elimination enable poverty

Living With Dignity But Not in poverty

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Beijing Review 2024年第23期67卷 22-22页

作者： Djoomart Otorbaev Belt and Road School under Beijing Normal University

The China-Central Asia Human Rights Development Forum,first held last year in Beijing and this year held in Kazakhstan,is a vital dialogue being established between China and Central Asian states.The topic of human ri... 详细信息

关键词： poverty Living vital

An Analysis of Liberia’s Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Context of Least Developed Countries (LDCs): A Review

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 230-250页

作者： Charles Flomo Togbah State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Shanghai China

Climate change is an alarming global challenge, particularly affecting the least developed countries (LDCs) including Liberia. These countries, located in regions prone to unpredictable temperature and precipitation changes, are facing significant challenges, particularly in climate-sensitive sectors such as mining and agriculture. LDCs need more resilience to adverse climate shocks but have limited capacity for adaptation compared to other developed and developing nations. This paper examines Liberia’s susceptibility to climate change as a least developed country, focusing on its exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. It provides an overview of LDCs and outlines the global distribution of carbon dioxide emissions. The paper also evaluates specific challenges that amplify Liberia’s vulnerability and constrain sustainable adaptation, providing insight into climate change’s existing and potential effects. The paper emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate impacts on Liberia and calls for concerted local and international efforts for effective and sustainable mitigation efforts. It provides recommendations for policy decisions and calls for further research on climate change mitigation and adaptation.

关键词： Least Developed Countries Liberia Climate Change Vulnerability poverty Hunger Disease Research and Development (R&D) Adaptation

Hungry and Angry Society: Implications for Sustainable Development in Nigeria

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2024年第2期14卷 140-154页

作者： Lawrence Udisi Niger Delta University Wilberforce IslandNigeria

Hunger is a physiological need,but the production and consumption of adequate and balanced food is a function of social forces.At every point,social,political,and economic processes intervene,for better or(more common)for worse.Food is one fundamental need of human beings for survival.But in Nigeria there is widespread food shortage and hunger.Development scholars have put forward reasons why poverty,hunger persists in the country,from the platitudes about population growth,inadequate implementation of agricultural policies,and neglect of agriculture,bad leadership,corruption,and the issue of distribution.Nigeria is richly blessed with arable land and citizens eager to unlock its food potentials.Unfortunately,this is far from being realized as the country depends on foreign countries for food,a situation that is tragic and sad.She spends about$10 billion a year importing food and agricultural products,the majority of which are wheat,rice,poultry,fish,and consumer-oriented foods.The pressure on the exchange rate results in devaluation-triggered inflation and food costs that fly up beyond the grasp of people at the bottom of the ladder as it is now is one of the negative repercussions of high food importation bills.Examining the effects of hunger is one of this paper’s key concerns and goals,and anger crisis for achieving sustainable development in the country using the Frustration-Aggression Theory,The Relative Deprivation and Political Economy Approach as guide.

关键词： hunger and angry society poverty sustainable development frustration-aggression theory political economy

Combating the global spread of poverty-related Monkeypox outbreaks and beyond

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2022年第4期11卷 4-8页

作者： Ernest Tambo Ashwaq M.Al-Nazawi Africa Disease Intelligence Preparedness and ResponseYaoundeCameroon Depatment Public Health Faculty of MedicineUniversite des MontagnesBangangteCameroon Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Department Public Health DirectorateMinistry of HealthJeddah 22246Saudi Arabia

The current unprecedented Monkeypox outbreaks emergence and spread on non-endemic countries has led to over 3413 laboratory confirmed cases and one death,and yet,does not constitute a public health emergency of international concern as June 23th 2022.We urgently call for collective regional and global partnership,leadership commitment and investment to rapidly strengthen and implement Monkeypox World Health Organization outbreak Preparedness and emergency response actions plans implementation against Monkeypox outbreak.Given the importance of human-animal-environment interface and transmission dynamics,fostering global and regional One Health approach partnership and multisectoral collaboration programs have timely and robust sustained investment benefits on poverty-linked Monkeypox and other emerging epidemics population-based programs,while leveraging from lessons learnt.Moving forward requires addressing priority research questions listed and closing the knowledge gaps for Monkeypox and others neglected tropical diseases roadmap implementation in vulnerable and at risk countries.

关键词： Monkeypox Outbreak Neglected tropical diseases poverty One Health Preparedness Emergency response Vaccination Research

Rural transformation,income growth,and poverty reduction by region in China in the past four decades

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第12期22卷 3582-3595页

作者： SHI Peng-fei HUANG Ji-kun China Center for Agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871P.R.China Research Center for Rural Economy Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100810P.R.China

China has experienced rapid rural transformation in the past four decades.Accompanying the rapid transformation is a significant rise in rural household income and a substantial fall in rural poverty.This paper examines the evolutions of and the relationships between rural transformation(high-value agriculture and rural non-farm employment)and its outcomes(per capita rural income and rural poverty incidence)using provincial-level data.The results show that 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities have undergone significant rural transformation,but the level and speed of rural transformation differed considerably.Moreover,an increased level of rural transformation is often associated with higher per capita rural income and reduced rural poverty incidence.Notably,a category of provincial rural transformation based on high-value agriculture and rural non-farm employment is also analyzed.We further discuss the likely impacts of institutions,policies,and investments(IPIs)on rural transformation and conclude with policy implications.

关键词： rural transformation high-value agriculture non-farm employment income poverty China

Effects of Public Transfers on Income Inequality and poverty in Rural China

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China & World Economy 2022年第5期30卷 29-48页

作者： Hisatoshi Hoken Hiroshi Sato School of International Studies Kwansei Gakuin UniversityJapan Graduate School of Economics Hitotsubashi UniversityJapan

This study examines the impacts of public transfers on income inequality and poverty reduction in rural China.It uses nationally representative rural household surveys from the China Household Income Project and classifies public transfers into threetypesuniversal,pro-poor,and reimbursable transfers-to compare the impacts of eachtype of public transfer in 2013and 2018.Estimated results show that the contributions of eachtypeof publictransfertoreducing incomeinequalityweregenerally small in both 2013 and 2018.However,the effects of reimbursable transfers were the largest of the three types.We also found that the poverty-reducing effects were the largest for reimbursabletransfers,and their impactshaveconsiderably improved inthewestern region.The impacts of pro-poor transfers were intermediate but have developed notably in the central region.These findings suggest that reimbursableand pro-poortransfers contributed mainly to reducing rural poverty but the impacts were heterogeneous among regions.

关键词： income inequality poverty public transfer rural policy social insurance

Detecting the linkage between arable land use and poverty using machine learning methods at global perspective

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第1期3卷 7-20页

作者： Fuyou Tian Bingfang Wu Hongwei Zeng Gary R Watmough Miao Zhang Yurui Li State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Geosciences University of EdinburghEH89XP EdinburghUnited Kingdom Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modelling Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Eradicating extreme poverty is one of the UN’s primary sustainable development goals(SDG).Arable land is related to eradicating poverty(SDG1)and hunger(SDG2).However,the linkage between arable land use and poverty reduction is ambiguous and has seldom been investigated globally.Six indicators of agricultural inputs,crop intensification and extensification were used to explore the relationship between arable land use and poverty.Non-parametric machine learning methods were used to analyze the linkage between agriculture and poverty at the global scale,including the classification and regression tree(CART)and random forest models.We found that the yield gap,fertilizer consumption and potential cropland ratio in protected areas correlated with poverty.Developing countries usually had a ratio of actual to potential yield less than 0.33 and fertilizer consumption less than 7.31 kg/ha.Overall,crop extensification,intensification and agricultural inputs were related to poverty at the global level.

关键词： Arable land use poverty Machine learning Yield gap Random forest

Examination of the poverty-environmental degradation nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa

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区域可持续发展(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 296-308页

作者： Sadat Daaki SSEKIBAALA Twaha Ahmed KASULE Department of Economics Islamic University in UgandaMbale2555Uganda

The relationship between environmental degradation and poverty has increasingly become the focus of national strategic decision-making in recent years.However,despite several theoretical explorations on the nexus,a dearth of empirical literature on the poverty-environmental degradation nexus,specifically on Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),still exists.In this study,we investigated the poverty-environmental degradation nexus in SSA.We hypothesized that poverty is both a cause and effect of environmental degradation,and this relationship is explained as a vicious cycle.Unlike previous studies,we employed several alternative indicators of environmental degradation to examine the poverty-environmental degradation nexus in this study.We used data from 41 countries of SSA between 1996 and 2019 and employed the generalized method of moments(GMM)approach.The findings suggest a cyclical relationship between poverty and environmental degradation in SSA,which confirms that an increase in poverty leads to an increase in environmental degradation,especially in deforestation and PM2.5 emissions.Similarly,the increase in environmental degradation positively affects poverty in SSA.We also confirmed that exogenous conditioning factors such as population growth rate,education,industrialization,and income inequality,institutional quality indicators such as governance effectiveness,control of corruption,freedom ad civil liberty,and democracy,and endogenous factors including fossil fuel energy use,fuelwood energy use,household health expenditure,infant mortality rate,and agriculture productivity influence the nexus between poverty and environmental degradation.The findings on the relationship between poverty and environmental degradation in SSA are a testimonial evidence that both poverty and environmental degradation are significant issues in SSA.Hence,poverty alleviation policies in SSA should not lead to PM2.5 emissions and deforestation,which may as well force people into a poverty-environmental degradation trap.Instead,poverty reduction

关键词： Environmental degradation poverty Vicious cycle hypothesis Sub-Saharan Africa Generalized method of moments(GMM)approach

poverty reduction through the development of inclusive food value chains

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 964-978页

作者： Rob VOS Andrea CATTANEO International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI) WashingtonD.C.20007USA Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) Rome 00153Italy

Propelled by urbanization,rising incomes,and changing diets,food markets have been expanding in Africa and South Asia,creating the vast potential for job and income opportunities along food supply chains and,hence,for poverty reduction.The novel coronavirus(COVID-19)that spread to a pandemic in early 2020 provokes enormous setbacks to this expansion.This,however,should provide lessons regarding the importance of resilient and inclusive food systems.Emergency responses to COVID-19 should consider interventions towards that end and leverage the opportunities provided by food markets growth as economies recover from the present economic recession.This paper assesses options of how this could be done by facilitating the better functioning and interconnectedness of the many small and medium-sized enterprises that are proliferating along the"hidden middle"of food value chains in storage,logistics,transportation,and wholesale and retail distribution.It also explores how policies can help smallholder farmers connect to this"hidden middle"in more gainful ways and help them climb out of poverty as well.

关键词： poverty food security and hunger food supply chains South Asia sub-Saharan Africa