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Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Chinese population:An online survey

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第31期9卷 9500-9508页

作者： Taif Shah Zahir Shah Nafeesa Yasmeen Zhong-Ren Ma Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500Yunnan ProvinceChina College of Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture PeshawarPeshawar 25120KPPakistan College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642Guangdong ProvinceChina Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu University Gansu ChinaLanzhou 730030Gansu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic infiltrates every aspect of our life,including the psychological impact.China has experienced the first wave of this epidemic,and it is now affecting the global population.AIM This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among the general Chinese population.METHODS A detailed questionnaire,comprising of 38 questions designed in both English and Chinese,was developed.The survey was conducted via WeChat,a multipurpose messaging,social media,and mobile payment app,which is widely used by the Chinese population.RESULTS In total,1082 individuals from 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities participated in the survey by filling the questionnaires through the WeChat app.97.8%of the participants had an Impact of Event-Scale-Revised(IES-R)total score above 20,which is an indicator of PTSD.The IES-R total and all the three subscales,including intrusion,avoidance,and hyperarousal,are significantly correlated with age.In addition,age,profession,marital status,and level of education are significantly correlated with the degree of PTSD symptoms.CONCLUSION The COVID-19 epidemic has widely caused PTSD among the general Chinese population.These results bear important implications for regions struggling with the pandemic to implement effective interventions to cope with these mental health problems.

关键词： COVID-19 post-traumatic stress disorder Impact of Event-Scale-Revised China

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Ketamine Alleviates Fear Generalization Through GluN2B-BDNF Signaling in Mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第2期36卷 153-164页

作者： Muhammad Asim Bo Hao Yu-Han Yang Bu-Fang Fan Li Xue Yan-Wei Shi Xiao-Guang Wang Hu Zhao Faculty of Forensic Medicine Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

Fear memories are critical for survival.Nevertheless,over-generalization of these memories,depicted by a failure to distinguish threats from safe stimuli,is typical in stress-related disorders.Previous studies have supported a protective role of ketamine against stress-induced depressive behavior.However,the effect of ketamine on fear generalization remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effects of ketamine on fear generalization in a fear-generalized mouse model.The mice were given a single sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine(30 mg/kg,i.p.)1 h before,1 week before,immediately after,or 22 h after fear conditioning.The behavioral measure of fear(indicated by freezing level)and synaptic protein expression in the basolateral amygdala(BLA)and inferior-limbic pre-frontal cortex(IL-PFC)of mice were examined.We found that only ketamine administered 22 h after fear conditioning significantly decreased the fear generalization,and the effect was dose-dependent and lasted for at least 2 weeks.The fear-generalized mice showed a lower level of brainderived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and a higher level of GluN2B protein in the BLA and IL-PFC,and this was reversed by a single administration of ketamine.Moreover,the GluN2B antagonist ifenprodil decreased the fear generalization when infused into the IL-PFC,but had no effect when infused into the BLA.Infusion of ANA-12(an antagonist of the BDNF receptor TrkB)into the BLA or ILPFC blocked the effect of ketamine on fear generalization.These findings support the conclusion that a single dose of ketamine administered 22 h after fear conditioning alleviates the fear memory generalization in mice and the GluN2B-related BDNF signaling pathway plays an important role in the alleviation of fear generalization.

关键词： Ketamine Fear generalization post-traumatic stress disorder BDNF GluN2B GluN2A

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Importance of methodological considerations in documenting psychological trauma

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World Journal of Methodology 2023年第4期13卷 166-169页

作者： Gentian Vyshka Fatime Elezi Tedi Mana Biomedical and Experimental Department Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MedicineTirana 1005Albania Service of Psychiatry University Hospital Center“Mother Teresa”Tirana 1005Albania

The documentation of psychological trauma is obviously a challenge to clinicians while they are diving deep into remote events related to their clients or patients.The potential role of psychological trauma in the early developmental stages,and even the existence of adverse childhood experiences,is important to prove,yet it is difficult to do so.A diverse range of methods have been applied,all of which presumably benchmark a big therapeutic step;however,these enthusiastic methods frequently do not last for long.While hypnosis supporters,Freudian and Neo-Freudian disciples can be acute enough to enhance and uncover suppressed memories,modern psychiatry relies mostly on diversely structured interviews.Functional magnetic resonance and its related subtleties might help,but the questions that remain unanswered are numerous and confusing.Connecting early experiences with long-term memory while identifying psychological trauma its importance for the individual’s growth trajectory;thus,it remains an intriguing issue.

关键词： Psychological trauma Adverse childhood experiences post-traumatic stress disorder Self-reporting Hypnosis Magnetic resonance imaging

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Neuropsychiatric issues after stroke: Clinical significance and therapeutic implications

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第6期10卷 125-138页

作者： Shuo Zhang Michael Xu Zhi-Jun Liu Juan Feng Yan Ma Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110004Liaoning ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Medicine International Education SchoolChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110004Liaoning ProvinceChina Department of Ultrasound Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110004Liaoning ProvinceChina

A spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders is a common complication from stroke.Neuropsychiatric disorders after stroke have negative effects on functional recovery,increasing the rate of mortality and disability of stroke survivors.Given the vital significance of maintaining physical and mental health in stroke patients,neuropsychiatric issues after stroke have raised concerns by clinicians and researchers.This mini-review focuses on the most common non-cognitive functional neuropsychiatric disorders seen after stroke,including depressive disorders,anxiety disorders,post-traumatic stress disorder,psychosis,and psychotic disorders.For each condition,the clinical performance,epidemiology,identification of the therapeutic implication,and strategies are reviewed and discussed;the main opinions and perspectives presented here are based on the latest controlled studies,meta-analysis,or updated systematic reviews.In the absence of data from controlled studies,consensus recommendations were provided accordingly.

关键词： Stroke Neuropsychiatric disorders Depression Anxiety post-traumatic stress disorder Psychosis

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COVID-19 impact on high school student’s education and mental health:A cohort survey in China

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第6期11卷 232-241页

作者： Zhong-Ren Ma Wei-Hua Ma Sakinah Idris Qiu-Wei Pan Zulqarnain Baloch Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu UniversityLanzhou 730030Gansu ProvinceChina Department of Psychiatry Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Teknologi MARABatu Caves 68100SelangorMalaysia Center for Molecular Medicine in Yunnan Province Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500Yunnan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and the universal implementation of control measures are fundamentally affecting every aspect of our society and daily lives.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and their associated factors as well as the effects and attitudes towards online education in Chinese high school students.METHODS A total of 883 students were included.The first,second and third-year students of a high school in Lanzhou,Gansu province of China were invited to participate in this study.They were requested to involve their parents to complete the survey together.A detailed questionnaire of 65 questions was designed and divided into five sections.The survey was anonymously conducted via WeChat,a Chinese multipurpose messaging,social media and mobile payment app.RESULTS Overall,32.94%of students experienced post-traumatic stress disorder due to the COVID-19 epidemic.The majority of students(60.82%)felt that online education was not(10.76%)or less effective(50.06%)in terms of gaining knowledge and improving practical and communications skills.Correlation analysis revealed that the class level,residential background and whether living with parents were significantly linked with the effectiveness and satisfaction of the online education system.Of the final year students,74.2%said that the COVID-19 outbreak has negatively affected their preparation for the college entrance exam,and 68%of students felt that this outbreak increased psychological pressure for their college entrance examination preparation.In case of having COVID-19 symptoms during the exam,50.7%,13.3%,and 10.2%would notify the proctor,teacher and parents,respectively.CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence rate of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in high school students.Thus,our results call for urgent attention from both government and schools to implement effective interventions to cope with the psychological effects and the disturbance of education by COVID-19 on children

关键词： COVID-19 post-traumatic stress disorder Students College entrance examination China Education

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Disability and post-trauma stress in the population over 15 years old in Kashan,Iran:A population-based study

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2020年第6期23卷 351-355页

作者： Zahra Sehata Esmaeil Fakharian Mojtaba Sehata Abdollah Omidi Trauma Research Center Kashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran Department of Neurosurgery Trauma Research CenterKashan University of Medical SciencesIran Department of Clinical Psychology Faculty of MedicineKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran

Purpose One of the consequences of trauma-related injuries is disability.There are more than one billion people with disabilities worldwide.Disability in people reduces their quality of life.The goal of this study was to determine the rate of post-trauma stress and disability related to trauma in the population over 15 years old in Kashan during a solar year of 2018–2019.Methods This is a cross-sectional population-based study.A cluster sampling method was used in the city of Kashan,and 3880 persons were interviewed with individuals randomly selected in each household.If a person had trauma during one year ago,the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and post Trauma stress disorder(PTSD)Checklist were applied for further interview.Data were analyzed using Chi-square test or t-test.Results Among the 3880 participants residing in Kashan,274(7.1%)reported a history of traumatic injury during one year ago in 2018–2019.Incidence of all injuries was estimated to be 70.61(62.60–78.70)per 1000 people.For the trauma population,213(77.7%)were male and 75.1%were married.About half of them(50.3%,138/274)aged 21–39 years.The most common cause of injuries was related to traffic accidents:140(51.1%).Of the 274 trauma participants,47(17.2%)reported PTSD;244(89.1%)had a mild disability,and 30(10.9%)reported moderate disability.Conclusion One of the main causes of disability in the human community is the traumatic injuries.According to the results of this study,89.1%of trauma participants have sustained at last mild disability following trauma.These people require follow-up and post-treatment support.It should be noted that psychological complications such as PTSD are as significant as physical symptoms.

关键词： Disability Epidemiology Population-based study post-traumatic stress disorder Trauma

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“There Are Many Cases That You Carry with You That Leave Scars”: Burnout and Secondary Trauma among Pediatric Residents in Routine and Covid Times

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2023年第1期12卷 17-54页

作者： Or Kaplan Michal Kaplan Rotem Shalev Michal S. Maimon Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Saban Pediatric Medical Center Soroka University Medical Center Ben Gurion Univer-sity of the Negev Be’er Sheva Israel

The current research joins previous studies in examining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout among healthcare workers. The research focuses on the experiences of pediatric residents working in an emergency department both in normal times and during the Covid pandemic. Research conducted prior to and during the Covid pandemic outbreak shows negative psychological effects among healthcare workers. Most of that research was conducted within the positivistic-quantitative paradigm. The current study is qualitative and focuses on pediatric residents who provide medical services to a unique population in a peripheral region of Israel, namely the Bedouin-Arab population. The research questions are the following: What characterizes pediatric residents’ work, in general and during the pandemic? Do they show signs of burnout and secondary trauma? How do they perceive their work with the Bedouin-Arab population, especially during the pandemic? The study, conducted within the phenomenological genre, included 14 pediatric residents in a large hospital in Israel’s periphery. Semi-structured clinical interviews were employed, in addition to questionnaires that examined PTSD and burnout to enhance the reliability of the findings. The results show that all residents reported stressful incidents in which patients’ physical integrity was threatened. The residents described the special nature of the medical cases they treated in routine times and during the pandemic outbreak, which stems mostly from the specific characteristics the population of Israel’s periphery. While at the early stages of the pandemic, the residents experienced reduced work pressure, they reported substantial difficulties later in the crisis, which intensified their sense of physical and emotional stress. Most residents reported feeling inadequately prepared for dealing with traumatic events. According to the results, most residents displayed secondary trauma (12 participants in interviews and 11 in questionnaires), which can be classified into cat

关键词： Burnout Covid-19 Pediatric Residents post-traumatic stress disorder

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Comparison between cannabidiol and sertra⁃line in modulation of post-traumatic stress dis⁃order-like behaviors and fear memory in mice

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2021年第9期35卷 680-681页

作者： HAN Xiao SONG Xian-kui SONG Da-ke XIE Guan-bo GUO Hong-yan WU Ning LI Jin Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharma-cology State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical CountermeasuresBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing 100850China Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology Taiyuan 030001China

OBJECTIVE post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is characterized by poor adapta⁃tion to a traumatic experience and disturbances in fear memory regulation,and currently lacks effective medication.Cannabidiol(CBD)is the primary component of the Cannabis sativa plant;it does not have any psychoactive effects and has been implicated in modulating fear learning in mammals.The present study investigated the effect of CBD on PTSD-like behaviors in a mouse pre-shock model,the effect of CBD in the modulation of trauma-related fear memory,a crucial process leading to core symptoms of PTSD.METHODS Pre-shock model was applied in which mice were submitted to training with two days of 0.8 mA×12 times of foot-shock,and PTSD-like behaviors was evaluated during 3 and 26 d,including freezing time to the conditioned context,open field test,elevated plus maze test and social interaction test.RESULTS CBD(10 mg·kg^(-1))administration alleviated main PTSD-like symptoms in the mouse pre-shock model by attenuating trauma-related fear memory,decreasing anxiety-like behavior,and increasing social interaction behavior.However,sertraline(15 mg·kg^(-1))was only effective when adminis⁃tered throughout the test period.Furthermore,CBD reduced the formation,retrieval,and recon⁃solidation of trauma-related fear memory,whereas sertraline only reduced fear-memory retrieval.Neither CBD nor sertraline influenced the acquisi⁃tion of trauma-related fear memory.CONCLU⁃SION CBD produced anti-PTSD-like actions in mice,and could disrupt trauma-related fear mem⁃ory by interfering with multiple aspects of fear memory processing in mice.These findings indi⁃cate that CBD may be a promising candidate for treating PTSD.

关键词： post-traumatic stress disorder can⁃nabidiol sertraline trauma-related fear memory processing endocannabinoid system

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Perioperative Awareness after Anesthesia: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2021年第5期11卷 149-155页

作者： Caroline Wangui Njue Ngugi M. Kinyungu St George’s University Grenada ITAV Pain Management Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell New York USA

Background: Accidental awareness during general anesthesia (AAGA) is an uncommon condition with possible long-term sequela. Here, we identify and describe a case of awareness in the perioperative setting and the resulting sequelae of symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder using the first-hand experience of a patient with awareness during anesthesia. Aim: This case report aims to identify and describe the symptomatic sequelae of perioperative awareness events and the importance of close patient follow-up and management. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old female developed uncontrolled tonsillar hemorrhage 2 days after successful adenotonsillectomy that necessitated bedside intubation. During regular clinic follow-up, the patient presented with symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) secondary to recall events while under anesthesia. Conclusion: The contributory factors predisposing to perioperative awareness in the surgical environment need to be understood and avoided as much as possible. When awareness is suspected or known to have occurred the patient needs to be assisted through the post-op period and guided through the psychological sequelae that follow.

关键词： Accidental Awareness during General Anesthesia post-traumatic stress disorder

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A Study on the traumatic Theme in Elizabeth Bowen’s“The Demon Lover”

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2021年第4期5卷 103-105页

作者： Mengyuan Fan School of Foreign Languages Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070Hubei provinceChina

British novelist Elizabeth Bowen tactfully sets the fate of individuals in the spectacular background of war in her short novel“The Demon Lover”to depict the physical and psychical trauma of human beings.The protagonists Kathleen Drover and the“demon”soldier who returns for revenge are two typical sufferers of trauma.The writing of the trauma in this novel not only recreates daily life of British women during the war but also draws readers’attention on the cruelty of war,which endow the short story abundant significance of enlightenment to individuals and society.

关键词： Trauma The Demon Lover Elizabeth Bowen war post-traumatic stress disorder

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