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Anthropogenic pressures increase extinction risk of an isolated Asian elephant(Elephas maximus)population in southwestern China,as revealed by a combination of molecular-and landscape-scale approaches

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1078-1094页

作者： Ying CHEN Yakuan SUN Luciano ATZENI Luke GIBSON Mei HUA Keyu LI Kun SHI David DUDGEON School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Eco-Bridge Continental BeijingChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ChangchunChina School of Earth Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina

Identiﬁcation of the effect of anthropogenic threats on ecosystem is crucial.We used molecular tools and remote sensing to evaluate the population status of an isolated Asian elephant population in southwestern China in response to changes in habitat suitability between 1989 and 2019.A total of 22 unique genotypes were identiﬁed from 117 dung samples collected between March and June 2018 using microsatellite DNA analysis,including 13 males and 9 females.Based on the size of fecal boli,1 animal was a juvenile,9 were subadults,and 12 were adults,indicating that recruitment was limited.The effective population size was small(15.3)but there was no signature of a recent population bottleneck.We observed a low genetic diversity(He=0.46±0.05)and a high level of inbreeding(Fis of 0.43±0.11),suggesting low population viability and high risk of extinction.In total,these elephants lost nearly two thirds(62%)of their habitat in 3 decades.The expansion of agriculture and rubber plantations followed by an increase in human settlements after 1989 increased the isolation of this population.We recommend that resettlement of 800 inhabitants of 2 villages and the abandonment of associated farmland and rubber plantations would make an additional 20 km2 of suitable habitat available.This could allow a population increase of 14 elephants,possibly by translocating individuals from elsewhere in China.Ourﬁndings can be applied to the management and conservation of other fragmented populations in China or in other range countries of Asian elephants.

关键词： fragmentation inbreeding isolation land-use change population viability

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Thresholds of population persistence for the Yangtze finless porpoise:implications for conservation managements

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第4期16卷 538-547页

作者： Zhigang MEI Mao CHEN Yi HAN Yujiang HAO Jinsong ZHENG Kexiong WANG Ding WANG Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina

The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis),a critically endangered species,is the only cetacean species in the Yangtze River following the functional extinction of baiji(Lipotes vexillifer).To inform conservation actions,two important questions need to be addressed:what is the threshold value of survival rate,and what is the threshold value of population size?We calculate the instantaneous rate of population increase(¯r)for the Yangtze finless porpoise for various combinations of the calf and the non-calf survival rates.We also test the probability of extinction for different minimum carrying capacities for 100 and 500 years using a stable population model.The threshold value of the non-calf survival rate is never lower than 0.869,but current estimates from field data have been far below this threshold.Our model based on extinction probability and carrying capacity suggests that the threshold for the population size to persist 100 years required 113 animals,and 472 animals are required to persist 500 years.Therefore,we recommend establishing an ex situ reserve network to guarantee the minimum 100-year carrying capacity.To ensure the long-term population viability,we suggest establishing two in situ reserve zones in two lakes and their surrounding reserves to meet a minimum 500-year carrying capacity.In addition,measures to avoid further habitat fragmentation should be priority.

关键词： conservation minimum viable population population viability reserve zones stochasticity

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