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Hot electrons in water: injection and ponderomotive acceleration by means of plasmonic nanoelectrodes

Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 744-751页

作者： Pierfrancesco Zilio Michele Dipalo Francesco Tantussi Gabriele C Messina Francesco de Angelis Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia 16163GenovaItaly

We present a theoretical and experimental study of a plasmonic nanoelectrode architecture that is able to inject bunches of hot electrons into an aqueous *** this approach,electrons are accelerated in water by ponderomotive forces up to energies capable of exciting or ionizing water *** ability is enabled by the nanoelectrode structure(extruding out of a metal baseplate),which allows for the production of an intense plasmonic hot spot at the apex of the structure while maintaining the electrical connection to a virtually unlimited charge *** electron injection is experimentally monitored by recording the current transmitted through the water medium,whereas the electron acceleration is confirmed by observation of the bubble generation for a laser power exceeding a proper *** understanding of the complex physics involved is obtained via a numerical approach that explicitly models the electromagnetic hot spot generation,electron-by-electron injection via multiphoton absorption,acceleration by ponderomotive forces and electron-water interaction through random elastic and inelastic *** model predicts a critical electron density for bubble nucleation that nicely matches the experimental findings and reveals that the efficiency of energy transfer from the plasmonic hot spot to the free electron cloud is much more efficient(17 times higher)in water than in a *** of their high kinetic energy and large reduction potential,these proposed wet hot electrons may provide new opportunities in photocatalysis,electrochemical processes and hot-electron driven chemistry.

关键词： hot electrons hydrated electrons lightwave electronics plasmonics ponderomotive acceleration strong-field photoemission water breakdown

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