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Trade-offs between ion-conducting and mechanical properties: The case of polyacrylate electrolytes

Carbon Energy 2023年第2期5卷 24-60页

作者： Guoli Lu Yaojian Zhang Jianjun Zhang Xiaofan Du Zhaolin Lv Junzhe Du Zhiming Zhao Yue Tang Jingwen Zhao Guanglei Cui Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoPeople's Republic of China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China The Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA Solid Energy System Technology Center Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoPeople's Republic of China

Polymer electrolytes(PEs)have been long recognized as the key materials to enable energy-dense batteries and render flexible energy devices practically viable,owing to their chemical and mechanical reliability.However,much of their promise is yet to be realized.The roomtemperature ion conductivity of existing PEs still falls short of the implementation criterion of 10^(-4) S cm^(-1) on the promise of acceptable mechanical properties,thereby precluding their practical application.The twin but inversely related duties of polymers,that is,functioning as both an ion-conducting medium and a structural backbone,underlie this issue but are less elucidated systematically.The polyacrylate(PA)family is among promising polymer matrices on account of ester polarity,electrode compatibility,chemical tunability,and mechanical durability.The extensive applicability of PA in plasticized gels,dry solids,and emerging composites makes PA-based PEs representative to illustrate the trade-off between ion conduction and mechanical strength.We herein seek to outline the stated long-standing conflict exemplified by PA-based PEs,focusing on crucial strategies toward balancing and reconciling the two mutually exclusive properties,with the intention of offering designing guidelines for next-generation PEs.

关键词： ionic conductivity lithium batteries mechanical properties polyacrylate polymer electrolytes trade-offs

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SYNTHESIS, CROSSLINKING MECHANISM AND PROPERTIES OF A polyacrylate/POLYURETHANE COMPOSITE COATING

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1997年第3期15卷 242-247页

作者：唐黎明郭伟周其庠 Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084

A polyacrylate/polyurethane (P(A)/P(U)) composite coating has been prepared by crosslinking an acetoacetylated polyacrylate with a vinylic group terminated polyurethane at room temperature. A model Michael reaction between ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) and methyl acrylate (MA) was designed to study the crosslinking mechanism. It was found that the two active hydrogen atoms in acetoacetyl group can both add to vinylic groups and the yield of mono-and bis-adducts are much affected by the molar ratio of acetoacetyl to vinylic groups. Higher crosslinking degree and better properties could be obtained with decreasing the molar ratio of the two active groups from 1/1 to 0.6/1 in the composite coatings.

关键词： polyacrylate polyurethane composite coating crosslinking mechanism

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Research on various factors influencing the moisture absorption property of sodium polyacrylate

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第7期52卷 1000-1008页

作者： ZHANG ChunXiao ZHANG WanXi PAN ZhenYuan ZHANG XiYao LIU Jian YUE ChongWang School of Material Science and Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China Dalian University of Technology School of Automotive EngineeringDalian 116000China Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China School of Geoexploration Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China

Sodium polyacrylate was synthesized with acrylic acid as the monomer, and sodium bisulfate and ammonium persulfate as the initiator, by means of aqueous solution polymerization. The factors influencing the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, and reaction temperature were systematically investigated. The experimental results indicate that the moisture-absorbing property of this polymer was better than other traditional material, such as silica gel, and molecular sieve. The best reaction condition and formula are based on the orthogonal experiment design. The optimum moisture absorbency of sodium polyacrylate reaches 1.01 g/g. The mathematical correlation of this polymer with various factors and moisture absorbency is obtained based on the multiple regression analysis. The moisture content intuitive analysis table shows that neutralization degree has the most significant influence on moisture absorbency, followed by monomer concentration and reaction temperature, while other factors have less influence.

关键词： moisture absorption sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution polymerization orthogonal experiment

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Dispersion of“guava-like”silica/polyacrylate nanocomposite particles in polyacrylate matrix

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008年第2期2卷 127-134页

作者： Dongming QI Minghua WU Lei YANG Jianzhong SHAO Yongzhong BAO Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology Ministry of EducationZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

A series of“guava-like”silica/polyacrylate nanocomposite particles with close silica content and different grafting degrees were prepared via mini-emulsion polymerization using 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate(TSPM)modified silica/acrylate dispersion.The silica/polyacrylate composite particles were melt-mixed with unfilled polyacrylate(PA)resin to prepare corresponding silica/polyacrylate molded composites and the dispersion mechanism of these silica particles from the“guava-like”composite particles into polyacrylate matrix was studied.It was calculated that about 110 silica particles were accumulated in the bulk of every silica/polyacrylate composite latex particle.Both the solubility tests of silica/polyacrylate composite latex particles in tetrahydrofuran(THF)and the section transmission electron microscope(TEM)micrographs of silica/polyacrylate molded composites indicated that the grafting degree of silica particles played a crucial role in the dispersion of silica/polyacrylate composite particles into the polyacrylate matrix.When the grafting degree of polyacrylate onto silica was in a moderate range(ca.20%-70%),almost all of silica particles in these“guava-like”composite particles were dispersed into the polyacrylate matrix in a primaryparticle-level.However,at a lower grafting degree,massive silica aggregations were found in molded composites because of the lack of steric protection.At a greater grafting degree(i.e.,200%),a cross-linked network was formed in the silica/polyacrylate composite particles,which prevented the dispersion of composite particles in THF and polyacrylate matrix as primary particles.

关键词： silica polyacrylate nanocomposite dispersion

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Studies on the Morphology of Natural Rubber/polyacrylate Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 1990年第1期6卷 85-89页

作者： Llao Kalrong (Institute of Polymer Science, Zhangshan University, Guangzhou)Thomas C. Ward (Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA)

The interpenetrating polymer network(IPN) systems have attracted a lot of attention because of their unique two-phase structure and properties. There have been many publications concerning the IPNs in which poly (isoprene) (PIP) or polyacrylates (PAC) is formed as one of the networks.In the present study, Four serles of natural rubber(NR)/PAC IPNs were prepared and their morphologies were investigated with dynamic mechanics analysis(DMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

关键词： Interpenetrating polymer network Natural rubber polyacrylate

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POLYMER COLLOIDS FORMED BY POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXATION OF VINYL POLYMERS AND POLYSACCHARIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第1期31卷 39-49页

作者： Hui-dan Liu Takahiro Sato Department of Macromolecular Science Osaka University

The polyelectrolyte complex formed from the polyanion and polycation was studied by turbidimetry, static and electrophoretic light scattering, and elementary analysis. Sodium salts of polyacrylate （PA） and heparin （Hep） were chosen as the polyanion, and hydrochloric salts of poly（vinyl amine）（PVA） and chitosan （Chts） as the polycation. Although these vinyl polymers and polysaccharides have remarkably different backbone chemical structures and linear charge densities, all the four combinations PA-PVA, PA-Chts, Hep-PVA, and Hep-Chts provide almost stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes which are slightly charged owing to the adsorption of the excess polyelectrolyte component onto the neutral complex. The charges stabilize the complex colloids in aqueous solution of a non-stoichiometric mixture, and the aggregation number of the complex colloids increases with approaching to the stoichiometric mixing ratio. The mixing ratio dependence of the aggregation number for the four complexes is explained by the model proposed in the previous study.

关键词： Polyelectrolyte complex Colloidal dispersion polyacrylate Poly（vinyl amine） Heparin Chitosan Lightscattering.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Bi-functional Photorefractive Polymers with High Molecular Weight and Low Glass Transition Temperature

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2014年第5期32卷 577-586页

作者：陈姝帆孙连来 Xuan Luo Xiao-dong Jiang Wei-dong Wu Yu Fang Chuan-qun Huang Rui-zhuang Yang Qing-jun Zhang Research Center of Laser Fusion China Academy of Engineering Physics

Carbazole-based bi-functional photorefractive polyacrylates were prepared via free radical polymerization and post-azo-coupling reaction. The structure of polymers was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and proton nuclear magnetic resonance （^1H-NMR） spectroscopy. The differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and the thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA） were used to characterize the thermal property of polymers. The results indicate that though the glass transition temperature （Tg） of polymers increases with increasing the ratio of NLO groups, the polymers with different ratios of NLO groups still all show low glass transition temperatures around 60 ℃, and good thermal stability, which are favorable to the practical application of these polymers. The gel permeation chromatographic （GPC） result indicates that these polymers all have high-molecular-weight which is favorable to the long term stability of the material. Further, these polymers have good solubility in chloroform solvent, and the solutions can easily be fabricated into optically transparent films. Gain coefficients of 75 cm^-1, 185 cm^-1 and 66 cm^-1 can be observed at zero external electric field without any addition agent or pre-poling for polymers P-2, P-3 and P-4 respectively. The different contents of NLO groups result in the different properties of polymers P-2, P-3 and P-4.

关键词： Photorefractive polyacrylate Post-azo-coupling reaction High molecular weight Low Tg.

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QSPR Study on the Glass Transition Temperature of polyacrylates

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2007年第12期26卷 1466-1470页

作者：刘天宝彭艳芬吴新民 Department of Chemistry and Food Science Chizhou College

Structural parameters of 22 polyacrylic compounds were computed at two levels using Hartree-Fock and DFT methods. Based on the experimental data of glass transition temperature （Tg）, four-parameter （energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （ELoMO）, the highest positive charge （Qmax^＋）, dipole moments（μ） and the next highest occupied molecular orbital （ENLOMO）） dependent equations were developed using structural parameters as theoretical descriptors. Especially, Tg dependent equation calculated at the HF/6-31G（d） level is more advantageous than others in view of their correlation and predictive abilities. This dependent equation was validated by variance inflation factors （VIF） and t-test methods.

关键词： glass transition temperature QSPR polyacrylate Hartree-fock DFT

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The Influence of the Constitution of Acrylate Copolymers on Electrochromic Properties of Their PAn Composite Coatings

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2001年第1期16卷 55-58页

作者：张超灿 Dept. of Polymer Mater. Sci./Eng. Wuhan Univ. of Tech. Wuhan 430070 China

Several polyacrylate matrixes were prepared with monomers such asmethyl methacrylate, KH- 570, acrylic acid and butyl acrylater, andthe electrochromic behavior of their soluble Pan composite coatingswas also studied by electrochemical analysis and spectrophotometry.It shows that the constitution of the polymer matrixes have greateffects on the electrochromic process and the color change of thecomposite coatings.

关键词： polyaniline polyacrylate doping

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Synthesis and Properties of Nano-TiO2 modified Fluorine-containing polyacrylate Soap-free emulsion

Synthesis and Properties of Nano-TiO2 modified Fluorine-cont...

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2014中国功能材料科技与产业高层论坛

作者： Jianhua Zhou Linben Wang Yanjiao Cui Jianzhong Ma College of Resource and Environment Shanxi University of Science and Technology Shanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology

Nano-TiO modified fluorine-containing polyacrylate soap-free emulsion was successfully synthesized via soap-free emulsion polymerization technique,in which the polymerization monomers consisted of Methyl methacrylate(MMA),butyl acrylate(BA)and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate(DFMA).The influence of amount of initiator,emulsifier,containing fluorine monomer and nano-TiO on the performance of emulsion was investigated.The results showed that the good polymerization stability,and high monomer conversion were obtained when the amount of ammonium initiator was 1.2%,the amount of reactive emulsifier was 3.5%.With increasing amount of DFMA,the monomer conversion decreased and the gel rate increased gradually with the increase of DFMA amount.UV-blocking ability of the cotton fabric treated with the hybrid emulsion containing nano-TiOincreased with increasing amount of nano-TiO.IR spectrum results showed that nano-TiO and fluorinecontaining monomer were successfully introduced in the segmental structure of the polymer.SEM revealed that nano-TiO was loaded on the surface of the treated cotton fabric which had good hydrophobicity.

关键词： nano-TiO2 organic fluorine polyacrylate soap-free emulsion fabric

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