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Integrating stable isotopes and factor analysis to delineate the groundwater provenance and pollution sources in the northwestern part of the Amman-Al Zarqa Basin, Jordan

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第12期15卷 1490-1509页

作者： Mutawakil OBEIDAT Ahmad AL-AJLOUNI Eman BANI-KHALED Muheeb AWAWDEH Muna ABU-DALO Basic Sciences and Humanities Department Faculty of Science and ArtsWater Diplomacy CentreJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan Chemistry Department Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan Laboratory of Applied Geoinformatics Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesYarmouk UniversityIrbid 21163Jordan

Globally,groundwater contamination by nitrate is one of the most widespread environmental problems,particularly in arid and semiarid areas,which are characterized by low amounts of rainfall and groundwater *** stable isotope composition of groundwater(δ2H-H2O andδ18O-H2O)and dissolved nitrate(δ15N-NO3–andδ18O-NO3–)and factor analysis(FA)were applied to explore groundwater provenance,pollution,and chemistry evolution in the northwestern part of the Amman-Al Zarqa Basin,*** this study,we collected 23 samples from the Lower Ajloun aquifer in 2021,including 1 sample from a groundwater well and 22 samples from *** samples were tested for electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids,pH,temperature,dissolved oxygen,the concentration of major ions(Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+,HCO3–,Cl–,SO42–,and NO3–),and the stable isotope composition of groundwater and dissolved *** results revealed that groundwater in the study area is mainly Ca–Mg–HCO3 type and can be classified as fresh water,hard water,and very hard *** range and average concentration of NO3–were 3.5–230.8 and 50.9 mg/L,*** 33%of the sampling points showed NO3–levels above the maximum allowable concentration of 50.0 mg/L set by the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines for drinking water *** values ofδ18O-H2O andδ2H-H2O showed that groundwater in the study area is part of the current water cycle,originating in the Mediterranean Sea,with significant evaporation,orographic,and amount *** values of the stable isotope composition of NO3–corresponded toδ15N-NO3–andδ18O-NO3–values produced by the nitrification process of manure or septic waste and soil NH4+.The FA performed on the hydrochemical parameters and isotope data resulted in three main factors,with Factor 1,Factor 2,and Factor 3,accounting for 50%,21%,and 11%of the total variance,*** 1 was considered human-induced factor,named"pollution factor",whereas Factor 2,named"conservative

关键词： stable isotope composition δ15N-NO3– δ18O-NO3– groundwater quality pollution sources Jordan

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An improved genetic algorithm for searching for pollution sources

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Water Science and Engineering 2013年第4期6卷 392-401页

作者： Quan-min BU Zhan-jun WANG Xing TONG School of Government Nanjing University Center for Social Risk and Public Crisis Management of Nanjing University Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products

As an optimization method that has experienced rapid development over the past 20 years, the genetic algorithm has been successfully applied in many fields, but it requires repeated searches based on the characteristics of high-speed computer calculation and conditions of the known relationship between the objective function and independent variables. There are several hundred generations of evolvement, but the functional relationship is unknown in pollution source searches. Therefore, the genetic algorithm cannot be used directly. Certain improvements need to be made based on the actual situation, so that the genetic algorithm can adapt to the actual conditions of environmental problems, and can be used in environmental monitoring and environmental quality assessment. Therefore, a series of methods are proposed for the improvement of the genetic algorithm：（1） the initial generation of individual groups should be artificially set and move from lightly polluted areas to heavily polluted areas; （2） intervention measures should be introduced in the competition between individuals; （3） guide individuals should be added; and （4） specific improvement programs should be put forward. Finally, the scientific rigor and rationality of the improved genetic algorithm are proven through an example.

关键词： genetic algorithm fitness selection crossover mutation pollution sources

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Effects of PHC on Water Quality of Jiaozhou Bay Ⅱ. Changing Process of pollution sources

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2016年第1期7卷 44-47页

作者： Yang Dongfang Wang Fengyou Zhu Sixi Long Mingzhong Yang Xiuqin Research Center for Karst Wetland Ecology Guizhou Minzu University College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Guizhou Minzu University North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center State Oceanic Administration

Based on investigation data on PHC content in Jiaozhou Bay, China during 1979 -1983, the horizontal distribution and pollution sources of PHC in Jiaozhou Bay were analyzed. The results showed that from 1979 to 1983, PHC in the water body of Jiaozhou Bay was mainly from rivers such as Haibo River, Licun River and Loushan River, and PHC content ranged from 0.10 to 1.10 mg/L. The pollution sources of PHC were serious during 1979 -1981 and then became slight during 1982 -1983. From 1979 -1981 to 1982 -1983, PHC content, horizontal distribution and degree of pollution sources changed, but the input mode of PHC was constant, that is, PHC was brought into Jiaozhou Bay by rivers.

关键词： PHC Horizontal distribution pollution sources Changing process Jiaozhou Bay China

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Study on pollution sources and Degree of Sediments in Northwestern Rivers Flowing into Taihu Lake

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2012年第7期3卷 46-50页

作者： LIU Quan YUAN Xu-yin SHI Zhi-qiang WANG Xiao-yan CUI Jing Hohai University Nanjing 210098China

[ Objective] The study aimed to analyze the pollution sources and degree of sediments in seven northwestern rivers flowing into Taihu Lake. [ Method] Based on a survey for the sediments in seven rivers flowing into the northwestern Taihu Lake from 2005 to 2007, the molar ratio of major elements was used to determine the main pollution sources of each channel, and the heavy metal pollution of sediments in the seven rivers was assessed by enrichment coefficient. [ Result] Mashan River, Liangxi River and Xiwan River mainly suffered municipal pollution; Zhihu Port and Caoqiao River were chiefly subjected to industrial pollution; Dapu River and Wujin River were mainly affected by agricultural pollution. In addition, the rivers mainly suffering industrial pollution had the most serious heavy metal pollution, followed by the rivers mainly undergoing agricultural pollu- tion, while the rivers chiefly affected by municipal pollution had the minimum pollution. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the control of river pollution by heavy metals along Taihu Lake basin.

关键词： Sediment Molar ratio pollution sources Enrichment coefficient Taihu Lake China

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Insight study of rare earth elements in PM_(2.5)during five years in a Chinese inland city:Composition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 439-449页

作者： Yi-Wen Shen Chang-Xian Zhao Hao Zhao Shuo-Fei Dong Qi Guo Jiao-Jiao Xie Mei-Ling Lv Chun-Gang Yuan Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control Department ofEnvironmental Science&EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071000China MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Agilent Technologies Co.Ltd.(China) Beijing 100102China

The booming development of rare earth industry and the extensive utilization of its products accompanied by urban development have led to the accelerated accumulation of rare earth elements(REEs)as emerging pollutants in atmospheric *** this study,the variation of REEs in PM_(2.5)with urban(a non-mining city)transformation was investigated through five consecutive years of sample *** compositional variability and provenance contribution of REEs in PM_(2.5)were characterized,and the REEs exposure risks of children and adults via inhalation,ingestion and dermal absorption were also *** results showed an increase in the total REEs concentration from 46.46±35.16 mg/kg(2017)to 81.22±38.98 mg/kg(2021)over the five-year period,with Ce and La making the largest *** actual increment of industrial and traffic emission source among the three pollution sources was 1.34 ng/m^(3).Coal combustion source displayed a downward *** was the main exposure pathway for REEs in PM_(2.5)for both children and *** contributed the most to the total intake of REEs in PM_(2.5)among the population,followed by La and *** exposure risks of REEs in PM_(2.5)in the region were relatively low,but the trend of change was of great *** was strongly recommended to strengthen the concern about traffic-related non-exhaust emissions of particulate matter.

关键词： Rare earth elements Exposure risks pollution sources Traffic-related non-exhaust emissions

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A theoretical study on gaseous pollutant flushing of natural ventilation driven by buoyancy forces in industrial buildings

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 575-589页

作者： Jiawei Zhuang Genyang Chen Rumeng Yang Kun Han Dongdong Tian Yongfa Diao Henggen Shen School of Urban Construction Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering School of EnergyChangzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai201620China School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing UniversityNanjing210093China

The acceleration of industrialization worsening indoor environments of industrial buildings has drawn more attention in recent *** ventilation can improve indoor air quality(IAQ)and reduce carbon *** evaluate gaseous pollutant levels in industrial buildings for the development of buoyancy-driven natural ventilation,two theoretical models of pollutant flushing(Model I and Model II)are developed based on the existing thermal stratification theory in combination with the mixing characteristics of lower *** results show that indoor pollutant flushing is mainly dependent on the pollution source intensity and effective ventilation *** mixing characteristics of lower pollutant has an important effect on pollutant stratification and evolution during ventilation,but it does not change the prediction results at steady *** the dimensionless pollution source intensity is larger than 1,the pollution source should be cleaned up or other ventilation methods should be used instead to improve *** addition,the comparisons between Model I and Model II on instantaneous pollutant concentration are significantly influenced by the pollution source intensity,and the actual pollutant concentration is more likely to be between the predicted values of Model I and Model *** reduce pollutant concentration to a required level,the pollution source intensity should be in a certain *** theoretical models as well as the necessary conditions for ventilation effectiveness obtained can be used for the ventilation optimization design of industrial buildings.

关键词： industrial buildings buoyancy-driven natural ventilation gaseous pollutants evolution model pollution sources

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Source-specific risk assessment for cadmium in wheat and maize:Towards an enrichment model for China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 723-734页

作者： Zhong Zhuang Qiqi Wang Siyu Huang Andrea Giovanna NinoSavala Yanan Wan Huafen Li Andreas H.Schweiger Andreas Fangmeier Jürgen Franzaring Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil pollution Prevention and Remediation Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology University of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany

Cadmium (Cd) pollution of agricultural soil is of public concern due to its high potential toxicity and *** study aimed to reveal the risk of Cd accumulation in soil and wheat/maize systems,with a specific focus on the source-specific ecological risk,human health risk and Cd enrichment *** this we investigated more than 6100 paired soil and grain samples with 216 datasets including soil Cd contents,soil pH and grain Cd contents of 85 sites from *** results showed that mining activities,sewage irrigation,industrial activities and agricultural practices were the critical factors causing Cd accumulation in wheat and maize cultivated ***,mining activities contributed to a higher Cd accumulation risk in the southwest China and Middle Yellow River regions;sewage irrigation influenced the Cd accumulation in the North China *** addition,the investigated sites were classified into different categories by comparing their soil and grain Cd contents with the Chinese soil screening values and food safety values,*** enrichment models were developed to predict the Cd levels in wheat and maize *** results showed that the models exhibited a good performance for predicting the grain Cd contents among safe and warning sites of wheat (R2=0.61 and 0.72,respectively);while the well-fitted model for maize was prone to the overestimated sites (R2=0.77).This study will provide national viewpoints for the risk assessments and prediction of Cd accumulation in soil and wheat/maize systems.

关键词： Ecological risk Enrichment models Cadmium Health risk assessment pollution sources

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Characterizing the antibiotic resistance genes in a river catchment： Influence of anthropogenic activities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 125-132页

作者： Haoyu Jiang Renjun Zhou Ying Yang Baowei Chen Zhineng Cheng Mengdi Zhang Jun Li Gan Zhang Shichun Zou School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Previous studies on environmental antibiotics resistance genes（ARGs） have focused on the pollution sources such as wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture and livestock farms,etc. Few of them had addressed this issue in a regional scale such as river catchment. Hence,the occurrence and abundances of 23 ARGs were investigated in surface water samples collected from 38 sites which located from the river source to estuary of the Beijiang *** them, 11 ARGs were frequently detected in this region and 5 ARGs（sul Ⅰ, sul Ⅱ, tet B,tet C, and tet W） were selected for their distribution pattern analysis. The abundances of the selected ARGs were higher in the upstream（8.70 × 10^6 copies/ng DNA） and downstream areas（3.17 × 10^6 copies/ng DNA） than those in the midstream areas（1.23 × 10^6 copies/ng DNA）, which was positively correlated to the population density and number of pollution sources. pollution sources of ARGs along the Beijiang River not only had a great impact on the abundances and diversity, but also on the distribution of specific ARGs in the water samples. Both sul Ⅰ and sul Ⅱ were likely originated from aquaculture farms and animal farms,tet W gene was possibly associated with the mining/metal melting industry and the electric waste disposal and tet C gene was commonly found in the area with multiple pollution ***, the abundance of tet B was not particularly related to anthropogenic impacts. These findings highlight the influence of pollution sources and density of population on the distribution and dissemination of ARGs at a regional scale.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance genes Anthropogenic activities pollution sources River catchment

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Atmospheric lead pollution in fine particulate matter in Shanghai, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第8期21卷 1118-1124页

作者： LI Xiaolin ZHANG Yuanxun TAN Mingguang LIU Jiangfeng BAO Liangman ZHANG Guilin LI Yan IIDA Atsuo Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China Photon Factory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization 1-10-ho Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan

The Pb-monitoring program was extended for 6 years from 2002 to 2007 at 17 representative urban sites （6 traffic, 5 industrial, and 6 residential sites）, and 3 suburban sites to assess the lead pollution in fine particulate matter （PM2.5） after phasing out leaded gasoline in Shanghai. Compared with Pb levels reported in other places, the Pb pollution in Shanghai is still serious after phasing out leaded gasoline, which remains at high concentration range （213-176 ng/m^3） in PM2.5 in winter. Significant spatial variation of Pb concentrations and strong seasonal variation of higher Pb concentration in winter than that in summer were detected. The size distribution of Pb in particulate matter has a unimodat mode that peaks at approximately 0.154-1.59 μm particle diameter, indicating that Pb is mainly concentrated in fine fraction. Lead in the fine fraction is enriched by a factor of 103-104 relative to Pb abundance in crust. Eight categories of Pb pollution sources were identified in the PM2.5 in the winter of 2007 in Shanghai. The important emission sources among them are vehicle exhaust derived from combustion of unleaded gasoline, metaUurgic industry emission, and coal combustion emission.

关键词： atmospheric pollution lead pollution sources X-ray analysis single particle

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Water Quality Assessment of the River Nile System:An Overview

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2004年第1期17卷 87-100页

作者： RIFAAT A.WAHAAB MOHAMED I.BADAWY National Research Center DokkiCairoEgyptNational Research CenterDokkiCairoEgypt

Objectives The main objective of the present article is to assess and evaluate the characteristics of the Nile water system , and identify the major sources of pollution and its environmental and health consequences. The article is also aimed to highlight the importance of water management via re-use and recycle of treated effluents for industrial purpose and for cultivation of desert land. Method An intensive effort was made by the authors to collect, assess and compile the available data about the River Nile. Physico-chemical analyses were conducted to check the validity of the collected data. For the determination of micro-pollutants, Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used. Heavy metals were also determined to investigate the level of industrial pollution in the river system. Results The available data revealed that the river receives a large quantity of industrial, agriculture and domestic wastewater. It is worth mentioning that the river is still able to recover in virtually all the locations, with very little exception. This is due to the high dilution ratio. The collected data confirmed the presence of high concentrations of chromium and manganese in all sediment samples. The residues of organo-chlorine insecticides were detected in virtually all locations. However, the levels of such residues are usually below the limit set by the WHO for use as drinking water. The most polluted lakes are Lake Maryut and Lake Manzala. Groundwater pollution is closely related to adjacent (polluted) surface waters. High concentrations of nutrients, ***, sulfur, heavy metals, etc. have been observed in the shallow groundwater, largely surpassing WHO standards for drinking water use. Conclusion A regular and continuous monitoring scheme shall be developed for the River Nile system. The environmental law shall be enforced to prohibit the discharge of wastewater (agricultural, domestic or industrial) to River Nile system.

关键词： Water quality River Nile Lakes pollution sources Assessment

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