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An Analysis on political participation Behavior of American Interest Groups—— A Case Study of the National Rifle Association

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青春岁月 2017年第15期 170-171页

作者：陈天慧天津外国语大学

In American democracy politics, interest groups has been an indivisible part of American political system and the existence and development of them often has been closely associated with social problems. America is a free country which allows people to hold guns. Consequently, the free trading of firearms leads to frequent violent incidents, which has already become the main social chronic illness in the American society. However, the US gun-control movement makes less progress primarily due to the obstruction of the National Rifle Association. Hence, the studying of the NRA’s political participation behavior can help readers to get a clear understanding of the interest group’s influence on the development of American democratic politics and the nature of American democracy.

关键词： National Rifle Association Interest group political participation

The Survey and Analysis of University Students’ political participation

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The Survey and Analysis of University Students’ Political P...

欧盟女性团体的政治参与：以欧洲妇女游说团为例

工程和商业管理国际学术会议

作者： Bingshui Li Chunwang Zhang Cheng Wang North China Electric Power University Baoding China

A person’s world view, philosophy and the values is often formed and become fixed in university;the political participation during university period will have major impact on people’s life. Presently, the university students present high political cognition level in the political participation, the positive political participation manner and so on, while there are also questions and phenomena of "political indifference", the political cognition "negative", and "the polarization". This paper is from the aspects of political system, the history, the family, the school and the university students analyzing the primary factors that influence the school university students’ political participation. From the angles of country, the school and the university students we propose some suggestions for leading the university students’ political participation.

关键词： university student political participation survey and analysis

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在“冷漠”与“积极”之间：澳大利亚青年政治参与探析

妇女研究 2009年第4期 67-71页

作者：曲宏歌

欧盟女性团体是区别于欧盟成员国女性团体的新型女性组织，主要以欧盟机构为政治参与对象，采用正式或松散的组织形式，以传达信息、组织游说等方式参与欧盟的决策过程。欧洲妇女游说团(EWL)是该类团体的代表。从欧盟女性团体的政治参... 详细信息

欧盟女性团体是区别于欧盟成员国女性团体的新型女性组织，主要以欧盟机构为政治参与对象，采用正式或松散的组织形式，以传达信息、组织游说等方式参与欧盟的决策过程。欧洲妇女游说团(EWL)是该类团体的代表。从欧盟女性团体的政治参与实践中可以发现，欧盟制度框架提供的政治机会、性别不平等的普遍性以及欧盟女性团体政治参与目标所具有的女性主义进步色彩，是促进其政治参与不断发展的主要有利因素。

关键词：欧盟女性团体政治参与欧洲妇女游说团欧盟制度框架 EU women's organizations political participation EWL EU framework

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政治知识和政治参与的性别鸿沟：社会科学研究与社会治理层面的思考

青少年导刊 2018年第6期 93-101页

作者：王锋何包钢

青年公民的政治参与事关国家政治发展与政治现代化的未来。新媒体时代背景下，国外青年政治参与的新动向尤其值得关注，但国内已有研究较少涉及这一主题。运用澳大利亚青年选举研究(YES)的调查数据，深入考察该国当代青年政治参与现状... 详细信息

青年公民的政治参与事关国家政治发展与政治现代化的未来。新媒体时代背景下，国外青年政治参与的新动向尤其值得关注，但国内已有研究较少涉及这一主题。运用澳大利亚青年选举研究(YES)的调查数据，深入考察该国当代青年政治参与现状，发现青年公民的选举类政治参与程度较低，而非选举类政治参与程度相对较高，即呈现出选举类参与“冷漠”和非选举类参与“积极”并存的现象。为此，澳大利亚采取了保障儿童参与权利、改进学生公民教育、利用新媒介增进青年互动、出台鼓励青年参与计划等措施应对挑战，但这些措施的实效性仍有待进一步观察。

关键词：青年政治参与公民参与政治冷漠政治民主 youth political participation citizen participation political indifference political democracy

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Arab Women in Israeli Politics： Aspirations for Fundamental Equality or Preservation of Gender Inequality？

妇女研究 2014年第6期 14-21页

作者：鲁晓张汉

男性和女性在所掌握的政治知识的地理区域维度上存在显著差异，男性对全国和全球的政治知识有更多的关注，而女性掌握更多的地区政治知识。通过使用2008年美国芝加哥地区研究的调查数据进行分析，验证了政治知识中的性别鸿沟是显著存在... 详细信息

男性和女性在所掌握的政治知识的地理区域维度上存在显著差异，男性对全国和全球的政治知识有更多的关注，而女性掌握更多的地区政治知识。通过使用2008年美国芝加哥地区研究的调查数据进行分析，验证了政治知识中的性别鸿沟是显著存在的。本研究的发现具有两个层面的意义，一个是在社会科学研究方法的层面，在研究性别与政治知识、政治参与的关系时，必须充分重视男性和女性在政治知识的国家/地区层面的差别；另一个是社会治理理论与政策研究的层面，在中国的社会治理中，要充分重视和发挥女性在地区政治知识上的比较优势，推动社会治理创新和公众参与。

关键词：政治知识政治参与性别 political knowledge political participation gender

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2016年第2期4卷 67-86页

作者： Nohad A'li Rima'a Da'as Western Galilee Academic College and University of Haifa Haifa Israel AL-Qasemi-Academic College of Education Israel

This paper focuses on reviewing the factors that operate to reduce gender inequality in political representation among Arab women in Israel. A theoretical debate about the changes in the status of Arab women as they are reflected in political representation patterns is conducted in the context of the political reality in the last decade in Israel and the ＂Arab Spring＂ events. The paper also focuses on clarifying the significance of the changes in political representation patterns as future trends of reducing gender inequality, within the acknowledged social patterns, which do not subvert the gender order in Arab society in Israel or in the frame of fundamental social change.

关键词： Arab women gender inequality political participation political representation affirmative action

Some Thoughts on Lawyers and Legal Construction

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International English Education Research 2014年第7期 75-77页

作者： Sun Zilu Shandong University of Finance and Economics Law School Jinan Shandong China 250014

To construct the rule of law, we can not only rely on the legal system itself, but also should we take good use of the legal person＇s active participation in the building process, which would be the driving force. Only the static legal system itself can not rule out the presence of ruling of man and something like unjust privilege. However, legal person＇s dynamic involving in the construction of rule of law, by means of legal person＇s constraints to the person of rule of man, can effectively protect citizens＇ legitimate rights and interests, by what we can achieve the maximum degree of eliminating social injustice as well. There is no doubt that the lawyer is just the strong force that above-mentioned who promotes the process of legal construction to develop better and longer.

关键词： Practicing Lawyer Legal Construction Rule of Man political participation

Electoral Behavior of Iranians and the Factors of the Reduction of Electoral participation During the Corona Pandemic(2020–2021)

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2022年第3期16卷 265-280页

作者： Mahdi Naderi Shohreh Pirani Department of political Science Faculty of HumanitiesShahed UniversityTehranIran

COVID-19 pandemic has had different effects on election *** in the parliamentary(2020)and presidential(2021)elections under the pandemic has declined significantly compared to the last four *** to popular belief,the findings show that this declined has been caused by causal conditions(economic downturn and government’s inefficiency),contextual conditions(economic war and sanctions),and interventional conditions,and COVID-19 pandemic has played an only contextual *** to the COVID19 pandemic,Iranians were dissatisfied with the current situation,mainly internal rather than external,due to the disruption of the economy and living ***,election participation during the pandemic was a good opportunity to show the magnitude of the *** can be said that the role of economic factors and the government’s inefficiency in discouraging election participation in Iran has been more than political,social,and health factors.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic political participation elections public dissatisfaction Iran

Some Thoughts on Lawyers and Legal Construction

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International English Education Research 2014年第6期 28-30页

作者： Sun Zilu Shandong University of Finance and Economics Law School Jman Shandong China 250014

To construct the rule of law, we can not only rely on the legal system itself but also should we take good use of the legal person＇ s active participation in the building process, which would be the driving force. Only the static legal system itself can not nile out the presence of ruling of man and something like unjust privilege. However, legal person＇s dynamic involving in the conslluction of rule of law, by means of legal person＇s constraints to the person of rule of man, can effectively protect citizens＇ legitimate rights and interests, by what we can achieve the maximum degree of eliminating social injustice as well. There is no doubt that the lawyer is just the Sllong force that above-mentioned who promotes the process of legal construction to develop better and longer.

关键词： Practicing Lawyer Legal Construction Rule of Man political participation