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China CDC weekly 2022年第19期4卷 397-402页

作者： Yanfang Zhao Yang Gao Man Li Yamin Bai Dan Liu Shengqun Mi Zhuoqun Wang Wenhua Zhao National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology and Statistic Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang CityHebei ProvinceChina Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina College of Health and Environment Beijing Union UniversityBeijingChina NCDs Control and Prevention Society Chinese Preventive Medicine AssociationBeijingChina National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are a major public health problem in the world.NCDs are the leading cause of premature deaths and disabilities among Chinese residents,resulting in heavy economic and health burdens.What is added by this report?This study conducted a quantitative analysis of the policy texts on NCDs prevention and control in China from 1990 to 2020,based on the perspective of policy instruments.It was discovered that China’s NCDs prevention and control policies developed rapidly from the ground up over the 30 years from 1990 to 2020 and that the majority of China’s NCDs prevention and control policies were environment-oriented,while supply-oriented and demand-oriented policies were insufficient.What are the implications for public health practice?The findings of this study suggested that increasing supply-oriented and demand-oriented strategies should be prioritized in the future formulation and revision of NCDs prevention and control policies.

关键词： prevention policy formulation

China's policy framework for carbon capture,utilization and storage:Review,analysis,and outlook

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第3期17卷 400-411页

作者： Qiao MA Shan WANG Yan FU Wenlong ZHOU Mingwei SHI Xueting PENG Haodong LV Weichen ZHAO Xian ZHANG National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of the Ministry of EducationShandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource UtilizationSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061China The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21 Beijing 100038China Center for Sustainable Development and Energy policy Research School of Energy and Mining EngineeringChina University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HBUK

Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is estimated to contribute substantial CO_(2)emission reduction to carbon neutrality in China.There is yet a large gap between such enormous demand and the current capacity,and thus a sound enabling environment with sufficient policy support is imperative for CCUS development.This study reviewed 59 CCUS-related policy documents issued by the Chinese government as of July 2022,and found that a supporting policy framework for CCUS is taking embryonic form in China.More than ten departments of the central government have involved CCUS in their policies,of which the State Council,the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC),the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),and the Ministry of Ecological Environment(MEE)have given the greatest attention with different focuses.Specific policy terms are further analyzed following the method of content analysis and categorized into supply-,environment-and demand-type policies.The results indicate that supply-type policies are unbalanced in policy objectives,as policy terms on technology research and demonstration greatly outnumber those on other objectives,and the attention to weak links and industrial sectors is far from sufficient.Environment-type policies,especially legislations,standards,and incentives,are inadequate in pertinence and operability.Demand-type policies are absent in the current policy system but is essential to drive the demand for the CCUS technology in domestic and foreign markets.To meet the reduction demand of China's carbon neutral goal,policies need to be tailored according to needs of each specific technology and implemented in an orderly manner with well-balanced use on multiple objectives.

关键词： carbon capture utilization and storage(CCUS) policy content analysis China

Changes in cesarean section rates and its indications among primiparous women during each implementation phase of Chinese two-child policy:a retrospective study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第18期135卷 2264-2266页

作者： Yumei Cheng Shaofei Su Shaowen Wu Department of Perinatal Medicine Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijing 100026China Department of Central Laboratory Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijing 100026China

To the Editor:Cesarean section(CS)is among the most important and safe procedures in obstetrics.When medically indicated,CS can be a life-saving intervention.During the Chinese one-child policy,couples tended to choose CS for various reasons.In 2010,the CS rate in China rose to among the world’s highest.^([1])Yet,CS can also have various adverse maternal and neonatal consequences.Maternal mortality and maternal and infant complications are higher with CS compared with vaginal delivery.[2]Over the past several decades,CS rates have increased sharply worldwide,and controlling these rates has become among the most prominent obstetric issues.

关键词： section policy among

policy and research frame of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic:reflections on urban informality

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Global Health Journal 2021年第1期5卷 12-17页

作者： Israel Nyaburi Nyadera Francis Onditi Moses Madadi Obimbo Samson Kinyanjui Muchina Department of Government and Public Administration Institute of Social SciencesUniversity of MacaoAvenida da Universidade TaipaMacaoChina Department of Political Science Institute of Social SciencesAnkara Yildirim Beyazit UniversityGüvenevler Mah.Cinnah Cad.No.16 Cankaya Ankara 0680Turkey Department of International Relations School of Diplomacy and International RelationsRiara UniversityP.O.Box 49940-00100NairobiKenya Department of Human Anatomy School of MedicineUniversity of NairobiP.O.Box 30197-00100NairobiKenya School of Medicine University of OxfordOxford OX12JDUnited Kingdom Kenya Medical Research Institute P.O.Box 54840-00200 Off Mbagathi RoadNairobiKenya

How has the informality of urban slums exposed a gap in policy formulation and research questions in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic?This paper seeks to identify the appropriate questions and policy frame that would assist future researchers and policymakers on the subject of pandemics in densely populated urban settlements.The authors argue that the nexus between asking the appropriate questions and developing appropriate policy response measures during a pandemic can significantly impact the outcome of the response.The paper examines how the government of Kenya's response to the COVID-19 pandemic reveals a deep-rooted socio-economic and cultural inequality when"blanket"policies are adopted without taking into consideration the tnique dynamics characterizing the society.The findings show that the effectiveness of implementing COVID-19 containment policies such as lockdowns,the cession of movement,working from home,distance learning,and social distancing are affected by other factors such as the nature of jobs,one's income levels,where someone lives,cultural beliefs,access to water,sanitation,intemet,and medical facilities.This means that a significant number of people within the society experience a double tragedy from the pandemic and impact of government response measures.Yet most of the existing literature has focused on the causes,spread,and impact of the pandemic on health institutions,economies,and public health with little emphasis on the impact on policy measures especially on the vulnerable segments of the society.This paper,therefore,looks at the question of how the various public health intervention strategies disrupt or construct the livelihood of the already complex informal settlement.It provides policymakers and researchers with a number of questions that can frame policy and research during a pandemic with important consideration to urban informality.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Urban informality Pandemic policy Research

Differences of maternal mortality rate between Shanghai and New York city from the perspective of regulatory policy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第7期133卷 792-799页

作者： Li Li Cheng-Yue Li Qing-Yu Zhou Chuan Pu Ling-Zhong Xu Tian-Qiang Xu Chao Hao Zhi Hu Mo Hao Research Institute of Health Development Strategies Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China School of Public Health and Management Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China School of Public Health Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China Institute of Inspection and Supervision Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family PlanningShanghai 200031China Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention NanjingJiangsu 213003China Anhui Medical University HefeiAnhui 230032China

Background:Regulatory policy(RP)is known as a major factor to improve health care system performance.A significant difference in maternal mortality rates(MMRs)was observed between New York city(NYC)and Shanghai(SH),both first-class international metropolises.This study aims to adopt a quantitative evaluation model to analyze whether RP differences contribute to the different MMRs of the two cities.Methods:Based on collection of all publicly released policy documents regarding maternal health in the two cities,we assessed and compared the status of their maternal health care RPs from 2006 to 2017 through a series of quantitative indicators as regulatory elements coverage rate(RECR),departmental responsibility clarity rate(DRCR),and accountability mechanism clarity rate(AMCR),based on two characteristics of comprehensiveness and effectiveness of RPs.Pearson correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and linear regression analysis were used to test the relationships between the indicators and MMR in SH and NYC.Results:By 2017,disparities of maternal health care RP are found between SH and NYC,from the indicators of RECR(100%vs.77.0%),DRCR(38.9%vs.45.1%),and AMCR(29.2%vs.22.5%).From 2006 to 2017,RECR,DRCR,and AMCR in SH have shown a higher growth of 8.7%,53.2%,and 45.2%,compared with growth of 25.0%,12.5%,and 2.9%in NYC.The three indicators were found all negatively correlated with MMR in SH(Coefficients=-0.831,-0.833,and-0.909,and P<0.01),while only RECR and DRCR had negative correlation with MMR in NYC(Coefficients=-0.736 and-0.683,and P<0.05).Linear regression showed that the principal components of the three indicators were found with significant impact on MMRs both in SH(R=0.914,R2=0.836,P<0.001)and NYC(R=0.854,R2=0.357,P=0.04).Conclusion:Compared with NYC,the more comprehensive and effective maternal health care RPs in SH had a stronger impact on MMR control,which contributed to the differences between the two cities’MMRs to some extent.The methods and indicators we adopted for assessment are reasonable

关键词： Maternal mortality Regulatory policy Maternal health Shanghai New York

The evidence for the impact of policy on physical activity outcomes within the school setting: A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第3期10卷 263-276,F0003页

作者： Catherine B.Woods Kevin Volf Liam Kelly Blathın Casey Peter Gelius Sven Messing Sarah Forberger Jeroen Lakerveld Joanna Zukowska Enrique Garcıa Bengoechea Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Health Research InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Friedrich-Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-N€urnberg Erlangen 91058Germany Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and EpidemiologyBIPS Bremen 28359Germany Department of Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam Public Health Research instituteAmsterdam UMCVU University AmsterdamAmsterdam 1081 HVthe Netherlands Upstream Team Amsterdam UMCVU University AmsterdamAmsterdam 1081 HVthe Netherlands Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Gdansk University of TechnologyGdansk 80-213Poland

Background:Despite the well-established health benefits of physical activity(PA)for young people(aged 419 years),most do not meet PA guidelines.Policies that support PA in schools may be promising,but their impact on PA behavior is poorly understood.The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain the level and type of evidence reported in the international scientific literature for policies within the school setting that contribute directly or indirectly to increasing PA.Methods:This systematic review is compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines.Six databases were searched using key concepts of policy,school,evaluation,and PA.Following title and abstract screening of 2323 studies,25 progressed to data synthesis.Methodological quality was assessed using standardized tools,and the strength of the evidence of policy impact was described based on pre-determined codes:positive,negative,inconclusive,or untested statistically.Results:Evidence emerged for 9 policy areas that had a direct or indirect effect on PA within the school setting.These were whole school PA policy,physical education,sport/extracurricular PA,classroom-based PA,active breaks/recess,physical environment,shared use agreements,active school transport,and surveillance.The bulk of the evidence was significantly positive(54%),27%was inconclusive,9%was significantly negative,and 11%was untested(due to rounding,some numbers add to 99%or 101%).Frequency of evidence was highest in the primary setting(41%),34%in the secondary setting,and 24%in primary/secondary combined school settings.By policy area,frequency of evidence was highest for sport/extracurricular PA(35%),17%for physical education,and 12%for whole school PA policy,with evidence for shared use agreements between schools and local communities rarely reported(2%).Comparing relative strength of evidence,the evidence for shared use agreements,though sparse,was 100%positive,while 60%of the evidence for whole school PA policy,59%of the evidence for spo

关键词： Evaluation Physical activity policy School Systematic review

The Impact of New Adjustments to the Family Planning policy on the Number of Live Births in Four Developed Urban Areas—China,2013−2019

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China CDC weekly 2020年第28期2卷 530-533页

作者： Aiqun Huang Yanhui Liu Xi Jin National Center for Women and Children’s Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.BeijingChina

What is already known on this topic?Due to shifting circumstances in China,the government has adjusted the child-bearing policy to allow couples to have a second child.This has affected the total number of live births,especially in more developed urban areas.What is added by this report?The total number of live births in the 4 monitoring cities including Chengdu,Wuhan,Shenzhen,and Beijing during 2014–2019 increased by 33.0%,20.3%,10.7%,and 8.2%,respectively.From 2014 to 2017,the proportion of total live births that were policy related increased in each city:Chengdu(2.0%to 35.0%),Wuhan(1.0%to 25.1%),Shenzhen(0.6%to 39.4%),and Beijing(3.1%to 30.2%).What are the implications for public health practice?Our results showed that the implementation of the new adjusted family planning policy alleviated the downward trends in total live births and is unlikely to lead a baby boom as estimated by previous studies.

关键词： policy shifting birth

Implementing physically active learning:Future directions for research,policy,and practice

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 41-49,F0003页

作者： Andy Daly-Smith Thomas Quarmby Victoria S.J.Archbold Ash C.Routen Jade L.Morris Catherine Gammon John B.Bartholomew Geir Kare Resaland Bryn Llewellyn Richard Allman Henry Dorling School of Sport Leeds Beckett UniversityLeedsLS63QSUK School of Sport Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityE152GZUK School of Health Promotion and Human Performance Eastern Michigan UniversityYpsilantiMI 48197USA Centre for Diet and Activity Research MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB21TNUK Department of Kinesiology and Health Education The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78705USA Center for Physically Active Learning Faculty of EducationArts and SportsWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndal5020 BergenNorway Tagtiv8 Ltd and Move&Learn LeedsWF27BSUK School of Sport Health and Social ScienceSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO 14 ORTUK

Purpose'. To identify co-produced multi-stakeholder perspectives important for successful widespread physically active learning (PAL) adoptionand implementation.Methods: A total of 35 stakeholders (policymakers ≪ = 9;commercial education sector, ≪ = 8;teachers, w = 3;researchers, w = 15) attended adesign thinking PAL workshop. Participants formed 5 multi-disciplinary groups with at least 1 representative from each stakeholder group. Eachgroup, facilitated by a researcher, undertook 2 tasks: (1) using Post-it Notes, the following question was answered: within the school day, whatare the opportunities for learning combined with movement? and (2) structured as a washing-line task, the following question was answered:how can we establish PAL as the norm? All discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Inductive analyses were conducted by 4 authors.After the analyses were complete, the main themes and subthemes were assigned to 4 predetermined categories: (1) PAL design and implementation,(2) priorities for practice, (3) priorities for policy, and (4) priorities for research.Results'. The following were the main themes for PAL implementation: opportunities for PAL within the school day, delivery environments,learning approaches, and the intensity of PAL. The main themes for the priorities for practice included teacher confidence and competence,resources to support delivery, and community of practice. The main themes for the policy for priorities included self-governance, the Office forStandards in Education, Children's Services, and Skill, policy investment in initial teacher training, and curriculum reform. The main themes forthe research priorities included establishing a strong evidence base, school-based PAL implementation, and a whole-systems approach.Conclusion-. The present study is the first to identify PAL implementation factors using a combined multi-stakeholder perspective. To achievewider PAL adoption and implementation, future interventions should be evidence based and address implementation factors

关键词： Physical activity Physically active learning policy School

TIDieR-PHP:人口健康和政策干预措施的报告指南

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第8期23卷 453-457页

作者： Mhairi Campbell Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi Tammy Hoffmann Rebecca Armstrong Elizabeth Waters Peter Craig 贺捷(译) MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow200 Renfield StreetGlasgow G23QBUK Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice Bond UniversityQueenslandAustralia Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of MelbourneVICAustralia 北京大学医学部

在报告评估研究时,我们缺乏关于描述人口健康和政策(population health and policy,PHP)干预措施方面的指南。PHP干预措施包括法律、财政、结构、组织、环境和政策方面的干预,例如对不健康商品的监管、卫生服务的重组、福利政策的调整... 详细信息

在报告评估研究时,我们缺乏关于描述人口健康和政策(population health and policy,PHP)干预措施方面的指南。PHP干预措施包括法律、财政、结构、组织、环境和政策方面的干预,例如对不健康商品的监管、卫生服务的重组、福利政策的调整和社区改善计划。许多PHP干预措施具有的一些特征,对其实施和成功至关重要,但在原来的干预描述和复制模板(Template for Intervention Description and Replication, TIDieR)清单中没有充分体现出来。本文介绍了PHP干预报告模板(TIDieR-PHP)的开发,并给出了项目清单和示例。

关键词： PHP 报告模板 Replication policy 项目清单卫生服务报告指南 TID

National policy-making to develop nursing towards people's health

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2022年第1期9卷 1-2页

作者： Yan-Hong Guo Bureau of Medical Administration National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaChina

Nurses play a vital role on the front lines of health care and make outstanding contributions to people's health all over the world.In China,people's health has been remarkably improved in recent 100 years.By 2020,the... 详细信息

关键词： nursing policy vital