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Responses of yield, root traits and their plasticity to the nitrogen environment in nitrogen-efficient cultivars of drip-irrigated rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第2期24卷 480-496页

作者： Qingyun Tang Guodong Wang Lei Zhao Zhiwen Song Yuxiang Li Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture Shihezi University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture Key Laboratory Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

The responses of drip-irrigated rice physiological traits to water and fertilizers have been widely ***,the responses of yield,root traits and their plasticity to the nitrogen environment in different nitrogen-efficient cultivars are not fully *** experiment was conducted from 2020–2022 with a high nitrogen use efficiency （high-NUE） cultivar （T-43） and a low-NUE cultivar （LX-3）,and four nitrogen levels (0,150,300,and 450 kg ha–1) under drip irrigation in large *** aim was to study the relationships between root morphology,conformation,biomass,and endogenous hormone contents,yield and *** results showed three main points:1) Under the same N application rate,compared with LX-3,the yield,N partial factor productivity （PFP）,fine root length density （FRLD）,shoot dry weight（SDW）,root indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）,and root zeatin and zeatin riboside （Z+ZR） of T-43 were significantly greater by11.4–18.9,11.3–13.5,11.6–15.7,9.9–31.1,6.1–48.1,and 22.8–73.6%,respectively,while the root–shoot ratio （RSR）and root abscisic acid （ABA） were significantly lower （Pplasticity to the N environment significantly differed between the cultivars （P<0.05）.Compared with LX-3,T-43 showed a longer root length and larger specific surface area,which is a strategy for adapting to changes in the nutrient *** the rice cultivar with high-NUE,the RSR was optimized by increasing the FRLD,root distribution in u

关键词： drip irrigation rice nitrogen environment root traits plasticity yield nitrogen use efficiency

Extracellular vesicles:multiple signaling capabilities and translation into promising therapeutic targets to promote neuronal plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3521-3522页

作者： Dirk M.Hermann Bernd Giebel Department of Neurology University Hospital EssenEssenGermany Institute for Transfusion Medicine University Hospital EssenEssenGermany

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are cell-derived,lipid membrane-enclosed vesicles carrying a broad spectrum of biologically active molecules(including proteins,RNAs,and bioactive lipids)which play important roles in intercellular *** crucially control neuronal energy metabolism under physiological conditions,constrain oxidative stress a nd brain inflammatory responses,and promote neuronal survival and plasticity upon brain damage.

关键词： plasticity oxidative spectrum

plasticity and microstructure evolution of W-CeO2 rods with different short-duration pulse currents

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Rare Metals 2017年第12期36卷 981-986页

作者： Wen-Guang Zhu Jian-Can Yang Jie Cao Lin Huang Yu-Chen Xi Zuo-Ren Nie School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China

To improve the formability of W-rare earth electrode, the influence of high-energy pulse on the plasticity property of W-CeOrods was investigated. The effects of current density(J), pulse width(tw), frequency(f), and strain rate on the plasticity of W-CeOrods were discussed in detail. Results of tensile tests show that the W-CeOrods applied with the electrical pulses obtain a maximum percentage total elongation at fracture(9.65 %), increased by118.7 % compared to that without pulses. This is owing to both the heat effect and the interaction of current between dislocations and rare earth additions. Electron back scattered diffraction(EBSD)-generated grain boundary(GB) maps suggest that the length of low-angle grain boundaries composed of high-density dislocations decreases after deformation while applying the pulse current. This demonstrates that the short-duration pulsed current enhances the mobility of dislocations. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images of the rods after deformation with the pulse current show that the long fiber-shaped additions become discontinuous,which could reduce the stress concentration and hinder the crack propagation.

关键词： Pulse current plasticity W-CeO_2 rod Lowangle grain boundary

plasticity Induced by Twin Lamellar Structure in Magnesium Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第12期29卷 1123-1128页

作者： Xiyan Zhang Chao Lou Jian Tu Qing Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University

Effect of {10-12} twins on the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy has received considerable research interest. A hot-rolled AZ31 Mg alloy sheet was subjected to dynamic plastic deformation with the aim of introducing {10-12} twin lamellar structure. It has been found that higher strength and better ductility are obtained when tensile loading is perpendicular to the c axis of twin region of the twin lamellar structured sample, indicating that the plasticity improvement caused by twins depends on the special strain path. The fracture morphology of the twin lamellar structured sample shows a dimple fracture mode under tensile loading perpendicular to the c axis, while the cleavage fracture with river pattern has been observed in other fractured samples. Above experimental results indicate that the interaction of dislocations and twin lamellae may play an important role in improving mechanical properties of Mg alloy.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Twin lameilar structure Mechanical behavior plasticity

plasticity and Interfacial Dislocation Mechanisms in Epitaxial and Polycrystalline Al Films Constrained by Substrates

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2002年第2期18卷 113-117页

作者： G.Dehm B.J.Inkson 等 Max-Planck-InstitutfirtMetallforschung Seestr9270174StuttgartGermany DepartmentofMaterials UniversityofOxfordParksRoadOxfordOX13PHU.K.

Stresses in epitaxial and textured Al films were determined by substrate-curvature measurements. It was found that in both cases the flow stresses increase with decreasing film thickness. The flow stresses in the epitaxial Al films are in agreement with a dislocation-based model, while the same model strongly underestimates the flow stresses of textured Al films. In-situ transmission electron microscopy studies indicate that dislocations channeling through epitaxial Al films on single-crystalline (0001) α-AI2O3 substrates frequently deposit dislocation segments adjacent to the interface. Furthermore, the AI/α-AI2O3 interface acted as a dislocation source. In this case, the interface is between two crystalline lattices. In contrast, the interface of textured Al films on oxidized silicon substrates is between the crystalline Al and the amorphous SiOx interlayer. It is speculated that the different nature of the interfaces changes dislocation mechanisms and thus influences the flow stresses.

关键词： Thin film plasticity Dislocation Interface

Mini-review:plasticity of human menstrual blood stem cells derived from the endometrium

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第5期12卷 372-380页

作者： Jian LIN Dennis XIANG Jin-long ZHANG Julie ALLICKSON Charlie XIANG State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases the First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA Infectious Disease Unit Zhejiang Armed Police Hospital Jiaxing 314000 China Cryo-Cell International Inc. Oldsmar FL 34677 USA S-Evans Biosciences Hangzhou 311121 China J. Craig Venter Institute Rockville MD 20850 USA

Stem cells can be obtained from women's menstrual blood derived from the *** cells display stem cell markers such as Oct-4,SSEA-4,Nanog,and c-kit(CD117),and have the potent ability to differentiate into various cell types,including the heart,nerve,bone,cartilage,and *** has been no evidence of teratoma,ectopic formation,or any immune response after transplantation into an animal *** cells quickly regenerate after menstruation and secrete many growth factors to display recurrent *** plasticity and safety of the acquired cells have been demonstrated in many *** blood-derived stem cells(MenSCs) provide an alternative source of adult stem cells for research and application in regenerative *** we summarize the multipotent properties and the plasticities of MenSCs and other endometrial stem cells from recent studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo.

关键词： Menstrual blood-derived stem cells(MenSCs) Endometrium Multipotent plasticity

plasticity of floral sex allocation within inflorescences of hermaphrodite Aconitum gymnandrum

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第2期8卷 130-135页

作者： Zhi-Gang Zhao Zuo-Jun Liu Jeffrey K.Conner State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems School of Life SciencesLanzhou University222 Tianshui Road Chengguan DistrictLanzhou 730000China College of Life Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology287 Langongpin Road Qilihe DistrictLanzhou 730000China Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University3700 East Gull Lake DriveHickory CornersMI 49060USA

Aims sex allocation in plants is often plastic,enabling individuals to adjust to variable ***,the predicted male-biased sex allocation in response to low resource conditions has rarely been experimentally tested in hermaphroditic *** particular,it is unknown whether distal flowers in linear inflorescences show a larger shift to male allocation relative to basal flowers when resources are *** this study,we measure position-depend-ent plasticity of floral sex allocation within racemes of Aconitum gymnandrum in response to reduced resource *** using a defoliation treatment in the field applied to potted plants from a nested half-sibling design,we examined the effects of the treatment,flower position,family and their *** Findingsallocation to male function increased with more distal flower posi-tion,while female allocation either did not change with position or declined at the most distal *** significantly reduced the mass of both the androecium and gynoecium,but not anther number or carpel *** mass declined more strongly with defoliation than did androecial mass,resulting in a significant increase in the androecium/gynoecium ratio as predicted by sex allocation *** responses of androecium mass and gynoecium mass were affected by flower position,with less mass lost in basal flowers,but similar plastic magnitude in both sexual traits across flower position lead to consistent variation in the androecium/gynoecium ratio along the inflorescence.a sig-nificant treatment*paternal family interaction for the androecium/gynoecium ratio is evidence for additive genetic variation for plastic floral sex allocation,which means that further evolution of alloca-tion can occur.

关键词： Aconitum gymnandrum sex allocation plasticity inflorescence architecture

Photoactivated organic phosphorescence by stereo-hindrance engineering for mimicking synaptic plasticity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 972-981页

作者： He Wang Yuan Zhang Chifeng Zhou Xiao Wang Huili Ma Jun Yin Huifang Shi Zhongfu An Wei Huang Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLoFE)&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211800China The Institute of Flexible Electronics(IFE Future Technologies)Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon 999077 Hong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing University of Posts&Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing 210023China Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics(FSCFE) MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLoFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Purely organic phosphorescent materials with dynamically tunable optical properties and persistent luminescent characteristics enable more novel applications in intelligent ***,we reported a concise and universal strategy to achieve photoactivated ultralong phosphorescence at room temperature through stereo-hindrance *** dynamically photoactivated phosphorescence behavior was ascribed to the suppression of non-radiative transitions and improvement of spin-orbit coupling(SOC)as the variation of the distorted molecular conformation by the synergistic effect of electrostatic repulsion and steric ***“trainable”phosphorescent behavior was first proposed to mimic biological synaptic plasticity,especially for unique experience-dependent plasticity,by the manipulation of pulse intensity and *** study not only outlines a principle to design newly dynamic phosphorescent materials,but also broadens their utility in intelligent sensors and robotics.

关键词： plasticity stereo electrostatic

Carbon deficiency introduced plasticity of rock-salt-structured transition metal carbides

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第33期164卷 205-214页

作者： Buhao Zhang Youwei Wang Jie Yin Yichen Wang Hangfeng Zhang Tamás Csanádi Ján Dusza Michael J.Reece Nan Lin Xiao Yang Xuejian Liu Zhengren Huang Dongliang Jiang State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China Faculty of Engineering University of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUnited Kingdom School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondon E1 4NSUK Institute of Materials Research Slovak Academy of SciencesWatsonova 4704353KošiceSlovak Republic College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha410082China

High-hardness rock-salt structured transitional metal carbides(TMC)are attracting substantial interest as potential next-generation thermal protection ***,the intrinsic brittleness of TMC ceramics impedes their performance in aerodynamically harsh *** this work,a promising strategy is proposed to introduce plasticity in TaC–HfC solid solutions by manipulating carbon *** approach combines density-functional theory(DFT)with experiments and takes Pugh's ratio(k)as the *** of carbon atoms in TaC–HfC solid solutions results in the de-localizing of valence electrons,deviation of spatial modulus along different crystal plane directions,and leading to significant elastic *** carbon deficient Ta_(0.8)Hf_(0.2)C_(0.8) is predicted to be a‘softer phase’with reduced modulus and Pugh's ratio(k=0.58).A series of Ta1–xHfxCy(x=0.2 and 0.8,y=0.8,0.9,and 1.0)bulk ceramics are experimentally fabricated by an excessive metal alloying *** and hexagonal close-packed structured carbides are derived when the carbon deficiency y decreased to *** indentation modulus drops from 641.8±14.8 GPa for Ta_(0.8)Hf_(0.2)C_(1.0) to 555.8±9.9 GPa for *** specific stoichiometric composition of Ta_(0.8)Hf_(0.2)C_(0.8) is experimentally verified to possess both plasticity(k=0.41)and ultra-high nanohardness(41.3±1.3 GPa).

关键词： Brittle plasticity Transitional metal carbides Pugh's ratio Carbon deficiency