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Observations of kinetic Alfvén waves and associated electron acceleration in the plasma sheet boundary layer

Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第5期6卷 465-473页

作者： ZeHao Zhang ZhiGang Yuan ShiYong Huang XiongDong Yu ZuXiang Xue Dan Deng Zheng Huang School of Electronic Information Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Kinetic Alfvén waves(KAWs),with a strong parallel disturbed electric field,play an important role in energy transport and particle acceleration in the magnetotail.On the basis of high-resolution observations of the Magnetospheric Multiscale(MMS)Mission,we present a detailed description of the acceleration process of electrons by KAWs in the plasma sheet boundary layer(PSBL).The MMS observed strong electromagnetic disturbances carrying a parallel disturbed electric field with an amplitude of up to 8 mV/m.The measured ratio of the electric to magnetic field perturbations was larger than the local Alfvén speed and was enhanced as the frequency increased,consistent with the theoretical predictions for KAWs.This evidence indicates that the electromagnetic disturbances should be identified as KAWs.During the KAWs,the energy flux of electrons at energies above 1 keV in the parallel and anti-parallel directions are significantly enhanced,implying occurrences of electron beams at higher energies.Additionally,the KAWs became more electrostaticlike and filled with high-frequency ion acoustic waves.The energy enhancement of electron beams is in accordance with the derived work done with the observed parallel disturbed electric field of KAWs,indicating electron acceleration caused by KAWs.Therefore,these results provide direct evidence of electron acceleration by KAWs embodying electrostatic ion acoustic waves in the PSBL.

关键词： kinetic Alfvén wave plasma sheet boundary layer electron energization Poynting flux

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Responses of the field-aligned currents in the plasma sheet boundary layer to a geomagnetic storm

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第5期7卷 558-564页

作者： YuanQiang Chen MingYu Wu YangJun Chen SuDong Xiao GuoQiang Wang TieLong Zhang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Numerical Prediction for Space Storm Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative PlanetologyHefei 230026China Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGraz 8042Austria

Geomagnetic storms can result in large magnetic field disturbances and intense currents in the magnetosphere and even on the ground.As an important medium of momentum and energy transport among the solar wind,magnetosphere,and ionosphere,field-aligned currents(FACs)can also be strengthened in storm times.This study shows the responses of FACs in the plasma sheet boundary layer(PSBL)observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale(MMS)spacecraft in different phases of a large storm that lasted from May 27,2017,to May 29,2017.Most of the FACs were carried by electrons,and several FACs in the storm time also contained sufficient ion FACs.The FAC magnitudes were larger in the storm than in the quiet period,and those in the main phase were the strongest.In this case,the direction of the FACs in the main phase showed no preference for tailward or earthward,whereas the direction of the FACs in the recovery phase was mostly tailward.The results suggest that the FACs in the PSBL are closely related to the storm and could be driven by activities in the tail region,where the energy transported from the solar wind to the magnetosphere is stored and released as the storm is evolving.Thus,the FACs are an important medium of energy transport between the tail and the ionosphere,and the PSBL is a significant magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling region in the nightside.

关键词： field-aligned currents plasma sheet boundary layer geomagnetic storm

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